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一舉多得，

農機補(bu)貼“四(si)兩撥(bo)千斤”

　　“實踐證明，農(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)購置補(bu)貼是(shi)一件‘一舉多(duo)得’的(de)政策。它(ta)滿足了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民對農(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)化技(ji)術和(he)機(ji)具的(de)迫切需求，有(you)效(xiao)地提高了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率，促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)增產(chan)增效(xiao)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民節本增收(shou)，推動了(le)我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)工業(ye)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)市場繁榮。” 農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)化管(guan)理(li)司(si)司(si)長王(wang)智才11月9日在接受采訪時對記者說。

　　王智才介(jie)紹，2005年中央財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)安排了3億(yi)元，各級地方政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府的配套資金(jin)超(chao)過了8億(yi)元，全國(guo)農機(ji)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)資金(jin)達到11億(yi)元。雖然(ran)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)資金(jin)數量不(bu)是很大，但財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)管支持到位，機(ji)具(ju)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)落實(shi)到位，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)實(shi)施效(xiao)果(guo)很好，可以說(shuo)是補(bu)(bu)(bu)到了關鍵、補(bu)(bu)(bu)大了產業、補(bu)(bu)(bu)出了效(xiao)果(guo)，深受(shou)農民歡迎。這(zhe)項政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的成效(xiao)主要體現在三個方面。

　　一是(shi)補(bu)貼效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)實(shi)，是(shi)一項“一舉多得(de)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策。補(bu)貼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)機械，滿足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)需求，促進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生產(chan)(chan)力(li)，帶(dai)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發展，推動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)科(ke)技興農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)成果(guo)應用。目前，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)正(zheng)處于建設現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新階段，把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)從繁重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體力(li)勞動(dong)中(zhong)解放(fang)出來，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)先進適(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)工(gong)具。但(dan)由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入較低，有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)購買力(li)不(bu)足。因此，對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機購置實(shi)施補(bu)貼政策，不(bu)僅(jin)可以幫助(zhu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)實(shi)現愿望，而(er)且還使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)有(you)(you)了致(zhi)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段。這樣既調動(dong)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)從事(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性，又讓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)在經(jing)營(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機作業(ye)服務中(zhong)增加收(shou)入，得(de)到(dao)實(shi)惠。同(tong)時，購機補(bu)貼還拉動(dong)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)消費市場(chang)，帶(dai)動(dong)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機工(gong)業(ye)、維(wei)修及相關產(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，具有(you)(you)投資乘數效(xiao)(xiao)應。2005年農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機企業(ye)產(chan)(chan)銷兩旺，據了解，全國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機工(gong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)值將(jiang)達到(dao)1000多億元(yuan)。

　　二是帶(dai)動作用(yong)強，是一項“四兩撥千(qian)斤(jin)”的政(zheng)策。在(zai)中央財(cai)政(zheng)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)政(zheng)策的帶(dai)動下，各級地方(fang)政(zheng)府也相應增加了財(cai)政(zheng)投入(ru)。據統計(ji)，2005年全國(guo)各級財(cai)政(zheng)投入(ru)購機(ji)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)資金(jin)11億元(yuan)，帶(dai)動農(nong)(nong)民(min)投入(ru)50億元(yuan)，形成了政(zheng)府扶持引導、農(nong)(nong)民(min)積極發展的好局面。

　　三是示范作用大(da)，是一項加(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)機化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展的政策。補貼政策引導，帶來了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業裝備配置“三化(hua)(hua)”發(fa)展的新趨勢，即：動力(li)機械(xie)大(da)型化(hua)(hua)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)機作業全程化(hua)(hua)、效能復合化(hua)(hua)。另一方面，購機補貼推動了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)機大(da)戶(hu)和專業合作服務組(zu)織發(fa)展，讓(rang)有機戶(hu)有活干，讓(rang)無機戶(hu)有機用，共(gong)同利用農(nong)(nong)(nong)機，方便種田農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)，促進了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)機服務產(chan)業化(hua)(hua)、社會化(hua)(hua)服務，提(ti)高了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)率，降低了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)成本(ben)。

　　“農機(ji)購置補(bu)貼政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)實施在頭(tou)兩年開了(le)一(yi)個好頭(tou)，政(zheng)府滿意，基層急(ji)需，農民(min)歡(huan)喜，社會關注(zhu)”，王(wang)智(zhi)才強調，“特別是農民(min)還(huan)有農機(ji)企業(ye)對補(bu)貼政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)反響很(hen)強烈、很(hen)擁護(hu)，這充分(fen)顯示了(le)農機(ji)購置補(bu)貼政(zheng)策(ce)所(suo)產(chan)生的(de)積極效果。”

2006年(nian)全(quan)國農(nong)機補(bu)貼(tie)

有望大幅度增加

　　在談及2006年中央財政是(shi)(shi)(shi)否增加(jia)了農(nong)機(ji)補貼(tie)的資金數(shu)量(liang)，補貼(tie)的范圍(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否有(you)所擴大的話題時，王智才說(shuo)：“農(nong)機(ji)購置(zhi)補貼(tie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)機(ji)化促(cu)進法的一項重要內容，是(shi)(shi)(shi)幫助農(nong)民致富的一個手段，它解決(jue)了農(nong)民‘買得(de)(de)起、用得(de)(de)好、有(you)效(xiao)益’的問題，效(xiao)果非常(chang)明顯。2006年全(quan)國農(nong)機(ji)補貼(tie)資金數(shu)量(liang)肯定是(shi)(shi)(shi)要增加(jia)，根據目(mu)前狀況分析，我認為‘大幅度’這(zhe)個詞是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以用的。”

　　王(wang)智才說，我們可以看(kan)到，盡管中央(yang)財政投入農機(ji)補貼的(de)力度在逐年加(jia)大，但(dan)與農民(min)實際需求還存在較大的(de)差距。據陜西省調(diao)查(cha)，中央(yang)農機(ji)購(gou)機(ji)補貼資金只能滿足農民(min)購(gou)機(ji)需求的(de)20%。

　　王智(zhi)才(cai)介紹，基(ji)于(yu)以(yi)上原因，2006年(nian)補貼(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)對象(xiang)還(huan)(huan)只(zhi)能是(shi)部分(fen)縣和(he)(he)部分(fen)農(nong)民，還(huan)(huan)做不到“普惠制”，而(er)是(shi)“重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)制”，能得到補貼(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)也只(zhi)是(shi)部分(fen)符合(he)(he)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)農(nong)民。按照(zhao)突出重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)與兼顧特色的(de)(de)原則，在(zai)資金使(shi)用上，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)向(xiang)優勢農(nong)產(chan)品集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)省、主(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)市縣傾斜；在(zai)補貼(tie)(tie)對象(xiang)上，主(zhu)(zhu)要向(xiang)種(zhong)糧(liang)大(da)戶、農(nong)機(ji)(ji)大(da)戶和(he)(he)農(nong)機(ji)(ji)作(zuo)業服務(wu)合(he)(he)作(zuo)組織傾斜；在(zai)補貼(tie)(tie)機(ji)(ji)具(ju)種(zhong)類(lei)上，還(huan)(huan)是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)補貼(tie)(tie)大(da)中(zhong)型拖(tuo)拉機(ji)(ji)、耕作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)械、種(zhong)植(zhi)機(ji)(ji)械、植(zhi)保(bao)機(ji)(ji)械、收獲機(ji)(ji)械、糧(liang)食干燥機(ji)(ji)械等6大(da)類(lei)18個品種(zhong)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)具(ju)，突出主(zhu)(zhu)要糧(liang)食作(zuo)物全(quan)程機(ji)(ji)械化生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)有(you)利(li)于(yu)改良土(tu)壤，保(bao)護(hu)環境及節(jie)水、節(jie)肥、節(jie)藥、節(jie)種(zhong)、節(jie)油(you)等可(ke)靠、適用、先進(jin)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)具(ju)。明年(nian)財政(zheng)補貼(tie)(tie)資金支持仍(reng)然以(yi)糧(liang)食生(sheng)產(chan)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，目的(de)(de)在(zai)于(yu)進(jin)一步促(cu)進(jin)糧(liang)食生(sheng)產(chan)繼(ji)續增(zeng)產(chan)，不斷提高農(nong)業的(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)生(sheng)產(chan)能力。

“應邀選型”變為

“公開選型”

　　王智才透露，為了(le)搶農時(shi)，2006年(nian)全國通(tong)(tong)用類購(gou)機補(bu)貼產品(pin)選(xuan)(xuan)型的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間提前了(le)，并由去(qu)年(nian)實施的(de)(de)(de)“應(ying)邀選(xuan)(xuan)型”變為“公開選(xuan)(xuan)型”，旋耕機將被(bei)列入到通(tong)(tong)用目(mu)錄中。明年(nian)仍將實行部(bu)省(sheng)兩(liang)級(ji)選(xuan)(xuan)型制度(du)，部(bu)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)全國通(tong)(tong)用類購(gou)機補(bu)貼產品(pin)選(xuan)(xuan)型文件(jian)說(shuo)明會于11月10日在(zai)(zai)京召開，會上(shang)對企(qi)業參選(xuan)(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)、選(xuan)(xuan)型文件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)填報要求、選(xuan)(xuan)型程序等做詳細說(shuo)明，并計劃在(zai)(zai)元(yuan)旦前后完成(cheng)機具的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)型工作(zuo)（也就是目(mu)錄的(de)(de)(de)制定工作(zuo)）；與此同(tong)時(shi)，省(sheng)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)非通(tong)(tong)用型購(gou)機補(bu)貼產品(pin)選(xuan)(xuan)型也爭取在(zai)(zai)元(yuan)旦前后完成(cheng)，以便(bian)在(zai)(zai)明年(nian)3月全國人大通(tong)(tong)過預算以后能(neng)夠(gou)盡早實施明年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)貼政策。

　　王智才表示(shi)，補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)機具(ju)(ju)的規范(fan)化選(xuan)型和(he)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)方便(bian)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)對象是(shi)農(nong)(nong)機補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)資金使(shi)用(yong)(yong)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)“陽光操(cao)作(zuo)”的一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)環節。也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)說，農(nong)(nong)機補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)機具(ju)(ju)的質量(liang)可(ke)靠(kao)，先進(jin)適用(yong)(yong)；要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)讓(rang)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)發(fa)放的操(cao)作(zuo)更(geng)加簡(jian)單，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求生產(chan)、銷售企業注重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)服務，讓(rang)農(nong)(nong)民得到實惠。為(wei)了(le)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)實現這些要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，通過在(zai)規范(fan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)和(he)具(ju)(ju)體操(cao)作(zuo)上(shang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)細(xi)致的研(yan)究，財政(zheng)部、農(nong)(nong)業部共同(tong)修訂(ding)和(he)下發(fa)了(le)新的《農(nong)(nong)業機械購置(zhi)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)資金使(shi)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)暫行(xing)(xing)(xing)辦法》。《管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦法》在(zai)堅持補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)機具(ju)(ju)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)競爭篩選(xuan)制、補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)集中支付制、受益實行(xing)(xing)(xing)公示(shi)制、管(guan)(guan)理(li)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)監(jian)督制和(he)成效實行(xing)(xing)(xing)考核(he)制的“五制”基礎上(shang)，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)確(que)了(le)財政(zheng)、農(nong)(nong)業兩(liang)部的職責(ze)、補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點，規范(fan)了(le)年度補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)機具(ju)(ju)確(que)定(ding)方式，簡(jian)化了(le)資金運(yun)作(zuo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)程序，提高了(le)工(gong)作(zuo)效率。同(tong)樣，明(ming)(ming)年的購機補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)工(gong)作(zuo)除了(le)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)遵循《管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦法》以外，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)業部、財政(zheng)部共同(tong)下發(fa)的具(ju)(ju)體實施(shi)方案(an)的規范(fan)下，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)公開、公正、透明(ming)(ming)操(cao)作(zuo)，充分尊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)民的選(xuan)擇自主權。