農藥是農業生產必不可少的投入品，但我們也應該看到，農藥在具體使用過程中浪費了30%以上，實施農藥減量行動勢在必行而具體實施起來要抓住幾個關鍵。
農(nong)藥減量、零增長必須采取科(ke)學(xue)的(de)施(shi)(shi)藥設備(bei)和(he)技術(shu)。根(gen)據全國農(nong)技中(zhong)心調(diao)查(cha)，采取統防(fang)統治(zhi)和(he)綠色(se)防(fang)控融合(he)，可以減少化(hua)學(xue)農(nong)藥用(yong)量20%~30%。隨著高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)噴霧(wu)(wu)技術(shu)和(he)機具(ju)的(de)發展，常(chang)規手動噴霧(wu)(wu)器(qi)每(mei)畝需要噴藥50公(gong)斤，而現(xian)在推廣(guang)的(de)低容量噴霧(wu)(wu)下降到(dao)每(mei)畝1~10公(gong)斤，而且霧(wu)(wu)滴(di)變小，霧(wu)(wu)滴(di)個(ge)數(shu)增加(jia)8倍(bei)，噴霧(wu)(wu)覆蓋面積增加(jia)，有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)覆蓋葉面積大(da)，能提高(gao)工(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)8~10倍(bei)。另外(wai)，采用(yong)生物、物理防(fang)治(zhi)技術(shu)等也(ye)可以大(da)大(da)減少化(hua)學(xue)農(nong)藥的(de)使用(yong)，所以，要推廣(guang)綜合(he)的(de)農(nong)業措施(shi)(shi)及相關技術(shu)規程，同(tong)時(shi)大(da)力(li)推進統防(fang)統治(zhi)、專業化(hua)服務，研究綠色(se)生產模型(xing)，引導農(nong)民科(ke)學(xue)合(he)理施(shi)(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥，來(lai)逐步提高(gao)農(nong)藥利用(yong)率。
農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)減量的(de)(de)關鍵在(zai)于提效(xiao)，而(er)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)高效(xiao)、低(di)(di)毒(du)(du)、低(di)(di)殘留(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)新(xin)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)是(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎。目(mu)前我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)資金不(bu)足，新(xin)化合(he)物(wu)成(cheng)果(guo)少，基(ji)(ji)(ji)本使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)國外專利過期農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。所以(yi)，首先(xian)(xian)要(yao)解(jie)決研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)資金哪(na)里來的(de)(de)問題。一是(shi)(shi)整合(he)科研(yan)(yan)經(jing)(jing)費，每(mei)(mei)年拿出一定(ding)資金用(yong)于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)。二是(shi)(shi)建(jian)立新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)基(ji)(ji)(ji)金。一個(ge)新(xin)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)化合(he)物(wu)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)10億元，這(zhe)樣(yang)大的(de)(de)投入中(zhong)國的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)企業望而(er)生畏。而(er)我(wo)們(men)每(mei)(mei)年登記相(xiang)同農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)幾(ji)千個(ge)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)甚至是(shi)(shi)幾(ji)十(shi)年前的(de)(de)老產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，都(dou)還在(zai)重復做毒(du)(du)理、環境、殘留(liu)(liu)等試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，如果(guo)不(bu)做這(zhe)些試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，又對(dui)最先(xian)(xian)辦理登記的(de)(de)企業不(bu)公平，但是(shi)(shi)都(dou)做相(xiang)同重復的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，又是(shi)(shi)極大的(de)(de)浪費。是(shi)(shi)否可以(yi)考慮，凡(fan)是(shi)(shi)登記相(xiang)同產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)，減免毒(du)(du)理、環境、殘留(liu)(liu)等試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，但是(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)費繼續繳納，作為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)新(xin)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)基(ji)(ji)(ji)金，這(zhe)樣(yang)每(mei)(mei)年可以(yi)新(xin)增研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)資金上億元。其(qi)次，經(jing)(jing)費使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。登記企業直接將相(xiang)應的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)經(jing)(jing)費交給(gei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業部，每(mei)(mei)年根(gen)據生產(chan)(chan)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業部制定(ding)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)項目(mu)，面向(xiang)社會招標，組織研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)團隊(dui)，開展研(yan)(yan)究。第三，研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)成(cheng)果(guo)分享。取得(de)(de)的(de)(de)成(cheng)果(guo)歸國家所有(you)(you)，有(you)(you)償轉(zhuan)讓給(gei)有(you)(you)關農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)企業生產(chan)(chan)，參與研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)企業有(you)(you)優先(xian)(xian)得(de)(de)到轉(zhuan)讓的(de)(de)權利，其(qi)轉(zhuan)讓經(jing)(jing)費再納入新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)基(ji)(ji)(ji)金。特別是(shi)(shi)目(mu)前尤為需(xu)(xu)要(yao)攻克地下害蟲、土傳病等使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)高毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)和限(xian)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)替代產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)，逐(zhu)步淘汰取締(di)劇毒(du)(du)、高毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，全面降低(di)(di)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)風險(xian)。
此外，要加快(kuai)特(te)色(se)作(zuo)物和(he)小(xiao)宗(zong)作(zuo)物農藥登記(ji)進程(cheng)。現在使(shi)用農藥較(jiao)亂、較(jiao)多(duo)、殘留風險較(jiao)高的是特(te)色(se)、小(xiao)宗(zong)作(zuo)物。由于特(te)色(se)、小(xiao)宗(zong)作(zuo)物區(qu)域性強、面積小(xiao)、用藥量不多(duo)，而(er)登記(ji)一個制劑做試驗(yan)需要50萬(wan)元(yuan)左(zuo)右，致使(shi)農藥企業(ye)不愿(yuan)意(yi)出錢做試驗(yan)、登記(ji)，造成(cheng)無登記(ji)農藥可(ke)用。
所以應該對特色、小宗作(zuo)物進行登(deng)記試驗補貼，農(nong)藥(yao)檢定部門再組織多(duo)個企(qi)業開展聯合試驗分攤(tan)部分經(jing)費，這樣(yang)特色、小宗作(zuo)物和中藥(yao)材等才(cai)有農(nong)藥(yao)登(deng)記，才(cai)有殘留標準，才(cai)能判(pan)定農(nong)產品的質(zhi)量，從根(gen)本上(shang)降低農(nong)藥(yao)使用量。
