一、發生期預測
根據(ju)我省(sheng)區域站近(jin)期(qi)小麥吸漿(jiang)蟲發育進度調查,結(jie)合(he)近(jin)期(qi)天氣情況(kuang)綜合(he)分析,吸漿(jiang)蟲成蟲發生盛(sheng)期(qi)南部地區在4月中下(xia)旬(xun),北部地區在4月下(xia)旬(xun)至5月上旬(xun)。預測(ce)依據(ju)如下(xia):
1、各地發(fa)育(yu)進度調查
南(nan)陽市4月4日在三個(ge)監測(ce)點(dian)調查,淘土24方(fang),見蟲(chong)(chong)21頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),平均0.88頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/方(fang),其(qi)中(zhong)休(xiu)眠體(ti)(ti)8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)38.1%,幼蟲(chong)(chong)9頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)42.9%,初蛹4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)19%。安陽縣4月6-7日淘土50樣方(fang),共有(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)60頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),平均1.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),其(qi)中(zhong)上層(0-7㎝)蟲(chong)(chong)量28頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)46%,中(zhong)層(7-14㎝)蟲(chong)(chong)量18頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)30%,下層(14-20㎝)蟲(chong)(chong)量14頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)24%;休(xiu)眠體(ti)(ti)29頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)49%,幼蟲(chong)(chong)24頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)40%,前蛹5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)8%,初蛹2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3%。濮(pu)陽市4月12日在雙廟鄉馬家(jia)村(cun)挖(wa)土4樣方(fang)(10×10×20cm),總蟲(chong)(chong)數71頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),平均每樣方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)18頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),最高一(yi)樣方(fang)23頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。其(qi)中(zhong)上層(0-7cm)有(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)17頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)23.9%;中(zhong)層(7-14cm)有(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)31頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)43.7%;下層(14-20cm)有(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)23頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)32.4%。其(qi)中(zhong)圓繭13頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)18.3%;幼蟲(chong)(chong)58頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)81.7%。
2、氣象(xiang)條件對吸漿蟲(chong)化(hua)蛹羽化(hua)較為有利
據省(sheng)氣(qi)象局預報,4月15-16日,全省(sheng)有(you)小雨(yu),4月18-20日南部有(you)小雨(yu),4月28日,全省(sheng)有(you)降水,中(zhong)南部有(you)中(zhong)雨(yu)。4月份(fen)氣(qi)溫偏(pian)高0-1℃。未來氣(qi)象條件對吸漿蟲集中(zhong)化蛹羽化比(bi)較有(you)利(li)。
二、防控技術措施
小麥吸漿(jiang)蟲監(jian)控(kong)工(gong)作(zuo)要堅持“系統監(jian)測,穗期保護,分類(lei)化防(fang)(fang)”的(de)(de)技術路線,采取“統防(fang)(fang)重(zhong)發田塊(kuai),普防(fang)(fang)達標田塊(kuai),兼防(fang)(fang)一般田塊(kuai)”的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)治策略,貫徹“政府主導(dao),統防(fang)(fang)引領,群(qun)防(fang)(fang)群(qun)治”的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)控(kong)機制(zhi),盡(jin)最大(da)努力控(kong)制(zhi)其(qi)發生危害,保障小麥生產(chan)安(an)全(quan)。
各地務必要加強蟲情普查和發育進度調查,充分掌握當地蟲情分布情況和防治最佳時機,制定科學合理的分區防控方案,適時組織開展成蟲期大面積防治。防治措施:小麥抽穗初期噴藥保護,基數高、出土不整齊區域可在揚花前再噴一次。藥劑可選用吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、毒死蜱、辛硫磷、高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯等。藥劑防治指標:10網復次捕到小麥吸漿蟲成蟲10頭以上,或用兩手扒開麥壟,一眼能看到2頭以上成蟲。除藥劑防治外,也可以采用黃板或380nm燈光誘集的方法進行監測和輔助防治。蟲口基數特別高的區域,可組織開展蛹期土壤處理,結合成蟲期防治,最大限度壓低蟲口密度,減輕危害損失。