近日，一則名為“農藥經營(ying)(ying)處方(fang)(fang)制(zhi)度試點全面啟動(dong)”的消息迅速走(zou)紅網(wang)絡。筆者經多方(fang)(fang)了(le)解得知(zhi)，該故(gu)(gu)事(shi)的事(shi)發地(di)位于(yu)湖北省(sheng)宜(yi)昌市，截至目前，該市“農(nong)民買農(nong)藥(yao)，商家開(kai)處方(fang)(fang)”已經試行(xing)1年多。這(zhe)種農(nong)藥(yao)經營(ying)(ying)處方(fang)(fang)制(zhi)就是通(tong)過在處方(fang)(fang)上(shang)標明農(nong)藥(yao)銷售者、購買者姓(xing)名及聯系方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、農(nong)藥(yao)品種、使(shi)用(yong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)、用(yong)藥(yao)時(shi)(shi)間、安全間隔期(qi)、注意事(shi)項(xiang)等，避免農(nong)民盲目使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)，從而降低生產成本，同時(shi)(shi)還能(neng)有(you)效減少農(nong)藥(yao)引發的安全事(shi)故(gu)(gu)，確保農(nong)藥(yao)經營(ying)(ying)者和(he)農(nong)戶的合法(fa)權益。
前(qian)不久，農(nong)業部也發布了《2016年農(nong)藥(yao)專項整治行動方(fang)案》(簡(jian)稱方(fang)案)。方(fang)案明(ming)確提出把推進高(gao)毒農(nong)藥(yao)定點(dian)經營(ying)、建立高(gao)毒農(nong)藥(yao)可(ke)(ke)追溯體(ti)系(xi)、強化農(nong)藥(yao)使用(yong)監管作為(wei)2016年重點(dian)任務。宜昌市農(nong)藥(yao)經營(ying)處(chu)方(fang)制的全面試(shi)行，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)說是(shi)對方(fang)案的精準把握(wo)和(he)升華。總體(ti)來看，農(nong)藥(yao)經營(ying)處(chu)方(fang)制有以(yi)(yi)下幾個(ge)積極作用(yong)。
首(shou)先(xian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)經(jing)營(ying)處方制能(neng)夠(gou)有效推進精(jing)準用(yong)藥(yao)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)資零售(shou)商是農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)流(liu)通中(zhong)的最后一個(ge)環節，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)銷售(shou)人員(yuan)植保服務(wu)水(shui)平(ping)的高低決定(ding)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶是否能(neng)夠(gou)正確選(xuan)購和安全(quan)使用(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)經(jing)營(ying)處方制要求農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)經(jing)營(ying)者針對病(bing)蟲害發生情況，實(shi)名制開具精(jing)準處方，把(ba)握最佳用(yong)藥(yao)量(liang)及用(yong)藥(yao)時(shi)間，這在一定(ding)程度上起到了普及安全(quan)用(yong)藥(yao)知識、提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)經(jing)營(ying)人員(yuan)服務(wu)能(neng)力的作(zuo)用(yong)。
其(qi)次，明確農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)經營者、使用(yong)者的(de)(de)主體責任。在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)中，多數農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)質量糾紛和因農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)質量引(yin)起的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)事(shi)故，因缺乏有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)憑據，涉事(shi)雙方(fang)各執一詞。有(you)了處方(fang)以(yi)后，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)經營者開具的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)種、使用(yong)方(fang)法、用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)時間、安全間隔期、注意(yi)事(shi)項等均有(you)詳細記錄，可以(yi)最(zui)大限(xian)度地(di)維(wei)護農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)經營者及個(ge)體農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)合(he)法權(quan)益，促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶科學使用(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。
第三，農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全得以(yi)(yi)深(shen)度保障。放眼目前(qian)的農(nong)業(ye)市場，一家一戶的小農(nong)種植(zhi)依然(ran)是(shi)當前(qian)農(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)的主體，該環(huan)節用(yong)藥情況(kuang)復雜，監(jian)管(guan)難度更(geng)大。方(fang)案明確提出，將(jiang)加(jia)強對規(gui)(gui)模化經(jing)營(ying)(ying)服務組織使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥的監(jian)督(du)檢查，重(zhong)點檢查農(nong)藥來源、真假、是(shi)否違規(gui)(gui)添加(jia)其(qi)他成分、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)是(shi)否對路、使(shi)用(yong)記錄是(shi)否完整、是(shi)否按照農(nong)藥安(an)全間隔(ge)期施(shi)藥，依法查處(chu)違規(gui)(gui)使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥行(xing)為，同時(shi)引導(dao)散戶正(zheng)確使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥。農(nong)藥經(jing)營(ying)(ying)處(chu)方(fang)制要求買賣雙(shuang)方(fang)必須實名(ming)制，同時(shi)明確農(nong)藥的使(shi)用(yong)范(fan)圍、使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)和(he)安(an)全間隔(ge)期。在這(zhe)種情況(kuang)下，超范(fan)圍、不合理、不合規(gui)(gui)使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥的情況(kuang)將(jiang)得到有效(xiao)遏(e)制，以(yi)(yi)往農(nong)藥經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者銷售農(nong)藥時(shi)任意(yi)擴(kuo)大農(nong)藥使(shi)用(yong)范(fan)圍的行(xing)為將(jiang)得以(yi)(yi)遏(e)制，農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全將(jiang)因此(ci)得到保障。
