今年是新中國成立70周年。新中國成立的70年是中國近代史上具有劃時代的光輝時期，也是農藥工業發展的波瀾壯闊、可歌可泣的70年。新中國的成立為我國農藥工業發展開辟了新紀元。中華人民共和國成立以來，農藥行業浴火重生，發生了翻天覆地的變化。我國是個農業人口大國，人民的吃穿問題一直是國民經濟發展中需要解決的首要問題。發展農業關乎著人民的吃穿問題，而農藥對于確保農業發展作用巨大，所以，農藥工業一直得到黨和國家的高度重視，崢嶸七十載，1949？2019年是我國農藥業發展的最好時期，農藥工業出現了翻天覆地的變化。目前，我國已成為具有新農藥創新能力的全球最大原藥生產國，生產、創新、出口等在全球農藥市場占有一席之地；農藥工業有力地保障了國家糧食安全和農產品市場(chang)供給(gei)，為(wei)解決占全球人口(kou)近(jin)1/5的(de)(de)人口(kou)吃飯問(wen)題以及加速工業化城鎮化提供了堅強支撐。農藥工業發展的(de)(de)70年不僅在我國現代史(shi)上留下濃墨重彩的(de)(de)歷史(shi)畫卷，也為(wei)奮斗新時(shi)代積累了大(da)量(liang)彌足珍貴的(de)(de)經驗和參(can)考。
1 在一窮二白(bai)中艱難起步(bu)
新中國成立前(qian)夕，我國僅(jin)(jin)有(you)幾(ji)家規模(mo)極小的(de)(de)(de)手工(gong)(gong)作坊的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠，生產(chan)(chan)信石、砒酸鈣、砒酸鉛、石硫合(he)劑、魚(yu)藤精(jing)、王(wang)銅(tong)等幾(ji)種礦物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)植(zhi)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，產(chan)(chan)量(liang)每(mei)(mei)年僅(jin)(jin)幾(ji)十(shi)噸。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)病蟲(chong)害仍(reng)無藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)控(kong)制。據(ju)據(ju)中國化(hua)工(gong)(gong)通(tong)史記載(zai)，僅(jin)(jin)蝗蟲(chong)災害平(ping)均每(mei)(mei)3年大(da)發(fa)生1次。蟲(chong)災發(fa)生時晦天(tian)蔽(bi)野，草木(mu)皆盡(jin)，赤地千里(li)，顆(ke)粒(li)無收(shou)，農(nong)(nong)民背井離鄉，餓殍枕道，情景(jing)十(shi)分凄慘。總(zong)之，1949年前(qian)，由于(yu)國民黨政府統治的(de)(de)(de)黑暗而(er)導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)國力衰敗(bai)，軍閥連(lian)年混戰(zhan)(zhan)，戰(zhan)(zhan)火(huo)不斷，人民連(lian)基本的(de)(de)(de)溫飽都不能滿足，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)業(ye)更(geng)是頹廢敗(bai)落，再加上帝國主義的(de)(de)(de)摧(cui)殘和(he)官僚資本的(de)(de)(de)掠(lve)奪，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)蕭(xiao)條、暗淡，生產(chan)(chan)方式(shi)落后，一直沒(mei)有(you)得到發(fa)展。解放(fang)前(qian)夕，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)業(ye)處在(zai)飄(piao)搖(yao)之中，但是也有(you)零星(xing)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠生產(chan)(chan)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，只是生產(chan)(chan)少量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)和(he)礦物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，并且品種單一，產(chan)(chan)量(liang)極小。然(ran)而(er)，與其他民族(zu)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)一樣，舊中國的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)業(ye)奄(yan)奄(yan)一息。
1949年，新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)，開(kai)辟了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)新(xin)紀元。民(min)(min)(min)以(yi)食(shi)為天(tian)，國(guo)(guo)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)為先(xian)，新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)后(hou)，黨和政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)對(dui)發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)極(ji)為重視，我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)也(ye)由此獲得了(le)新(xin)生。新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建立(li)后(hou)，黨和人民(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)十分重視農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)病蟲(chong)害的(de)防治，把建立(li)和發展(zhan)化學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)列(lie)為刻(ke)不容緩的(de)重大任(ren)務。新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)也(ye)從一窮二(er)白的(de)基礎上開(kai)始(shi)艱難的(de)起(qi)步。1949年10月，在舉國(guo)(guo)歡慶(qing)共和國(guo)(guo)誕生的(de)日子里，山東省人民(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)膠(jiao)東行政(zheng)(zheng)公署以(yi)1,340匹布(折合人民(min)(min)(min)幣(bi)3,900元)購買了(le)建益化學廠(chang)(chang)，在此基礎上建立(li)了(le)山東農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)制造廠(chang)(chang)，隸屬于山東省人民(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)實業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳，現在的(de)山東大成(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)股份有限(xian)公司的(de)前身山東農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)制造廠(chang)(chang)就這樣誕生了(le)。就這樣，解放后(hou)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)始(shi)了(le)新(xin)旅(lv)程(cheng)。
早在1949年，黃瑞綸、邢其毅、周長海等對用作種子消(xiao)毒(du)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醋酸苯(ben)汞殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試制進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)(le)合(he)(he)作研(yan)究，用(yong)(yong)它作為(wei)種(zhong)子消(xiao)毒(du)劑(ji)。1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)黃瑞綸、邢其毅、周長(chang)海在(zai)(zai)《科(ke)學(xue)通報》上(shang)發表了(le)(le)(le)(le)《種(zhong)子消(xiao)毒(du)劑(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)汞化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試制，汞制劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制備》一文。中國(guo)(guo)(guo)研(yan)究磷(lin)(lin)(lin)酸酯(zhi)類化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)并引用(yong)(yong)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)上(shang)，則以(yi)胡秉(bing)方、陸欽范(fan)(fan)等為(wei)最早。1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)北(bei)京(jing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)教(jiao)授胡秉(bing)方等開始(shi)(shi)研(yan)究有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)對(dui)(dui)硫(liu)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)藝；胡秉(bing)方將合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)(dui)硫(liu)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四種(zhong)方法加以(yi)研(yan)究比(bi)較，認為(wei)Fletcher的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)二磷(lin)(lin)(lin)法最為(wei)簡單經濟，其反(fan)應條件(jian)較易(yi)控(kong)制，為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)(da)量生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)對(dui)(dui)硫(liu)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)打下了(le)(le)(le)(le)基(ji)(ji)礎。陸欽范(fan)(fan)在(zai)(zai)此基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)(le)設計，開始(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)對(dui)(dui)硫(liu)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。他(ta)們還(huan)與(yu)華北(bei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)學(xue)研(yan)究所(suo)合(he)(he)作，進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)(le)擴大(da)(da)(da)試驗，具備了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)。1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，決定在(zai)(zai)四川(chuan)瀘(lu)(lu)州(zhou)(zhou)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)設有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)氯滴(di)(di)滴(di)(di)涕(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)車間(jian)。該(gai)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)職工(gong)以(yi)極大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干勁忘我(wo)勞動(dong)，僅(jin)用(yong)(yong)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時間(jian)即(ji)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)就生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)113噸(dun)滴(di)(di)滴(di)(di)涕(ti)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。華北(bei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)學(xue)研(yan)究所(suo)和上(shang)海病蟲(chong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)械(xie)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)也先后研(yan)制成(cheng)(cheng)功另一種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)氯農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)六(liu)六(liu)六(liu)，并于1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。雖然當時這兩(liang)種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)，設備簡陋，技術也不(bu)夠成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)，但是它標志著我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)已經開創了(le)(le)(le)(le)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)。化(hua)(hua)學(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一經使用(yong)(yong)，便顯示了(le)(le)(le)(le)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性(xing)。據中國(guo)(guo)(guo)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)通史記載，據解放初(chu)期在(zai)(zai)蝗(huang)害區3,770畝農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田范(fan)(fan)圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗災(zai)記錄，使用(yong)(yong)六(liu)六(liu)六(liu)不(bu)僅(jin)節省(sheng)治(zhi)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞力，而且控(kong)制了(le)(le)(le)(le)蝗(huang)蟲(chong)對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害。1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)700噸(dun)，1億9千個勞動(dong)日捕打蝗(huang)蝻；1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)用(yong)(yong)2,000噸(dun)，4,300萬(wan)個勞動(dong)日捕打蝗(huang)蝻；1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)9,000噸(dun)，100萬(wan)個勞動(dong)日捕打蝗(huang)蝻；1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)后，使用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)(ji)本保證(zheng)蝗(huang)蟲(chong)不(bu)致成(cheng)(cheng)災(zai)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)親身(shen)體(ti)會到(dao)使用(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好處(chu)，迫(po)切要求工(gong)業(ye)(ye)部門增加農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，在(zai)(zai)沈陽、天津、大(da)(da)(da)沽等化(hua)(hua)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)，相(xiang)繼建(jian)設了(le)(le)(le)(le)六(liu)六(liu)六(liu)和滴(di)(di)滴(di)(di)涕(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)車間(jian)，并逐步擴大(da)(da)(da)了(le)(le)(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)。此時，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家撥(bo)專款支(zhi)持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)發和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，首先恢復了(le)(le)(le)(le)666的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，并在(zai)(zai)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)陸續(xu)興建(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一批農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)。如1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)瀘(lu)(lu)州(zhou)(zhou)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)新建(jian)滴(di)(di)滴(di)(di)涕(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)車間(jian)，1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)113噸(dun)。而后，浙江化(hua)(hua)工(gong)所(suo)研(yan)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毒(du)殺(sha)芬也開始(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)南方生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初(chu)，開始(shi)(shi)建(jian)設我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)第一個有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(即(ji)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天津農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang))，1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。這是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開端。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，上(shang)海信誠(cheng)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)和上(shang)海農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)械(xie)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)共同試制成(cheng)(cheng)功另一種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)敵(di)百蟲(chong)，1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正(zheng)式投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。
到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)上世(shi)(shi)紀50年代(dai)，國家進行(xing)公私合營(ying)、進行(xing)工商業改造(zao)，對(dui)農藥(yao)的(de)起(qi)步(bu)(bu)發(fa)展促進很大；五十(shi)年代(dai)初，我國生(sheng)(sheng)產應用(yong)的(de)殺(sha)(sha)菌(jun)(jun)劑(ji)只(zhi)有(you)石(shi)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)合劑(ji)、硫(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)銅、膠體硫(liu)(liu)(liu)、多(duo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)鋇等無機(ji)化(hua)合物。以后(hou)(hou)又生(sheng)(sheng)產了(le)(le)(le)拌種(zhong)用(yong)的(de)賽(sai)力(li)散、西力(li)生(sheng)(sheng)等有(you)機(ji)汞制劑(ji)。為尋求銅汞系農藥(yao)代(dai)用(yong)品(pin)，1958年開發(fa)并(bing)(bing)投產了(le)(le)(le)代(dai)森銨、代(dai)森鋅(xin)(xin)、福(fu)美雙、福(fu)美鋅(xin)(xin)等有(you)機(ji)殺(sha)(sha)菌(jun)(jun)劑(ji)。在(zai)第(di)一個五年計(ji)劃期間(jian)，對(dui)許(xu)多(duo)解放前的(de)老廠(chang)進行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)建(jian)、改造(zao)，提(ti)高了(le)(le)(le)質量、擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)大了(le)(le)(le)品(pin)種(zhong)、增加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)產量，并(bing)(bing)在(zai)山(shan)東、四川瀘州(zhou)、鄭(zheng)州(zhou)、上海、天津、連云(yun)港、南通和安徽(hui)、浙江、江西、福(fu)建(jian)、湖北、湖南等地新建(jian)、擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)建(jian)了(le)(le)(le)農藥(yao)廠(chang)，建(jian)國初期到(dao)上世(shi)(shi)紀60年代(dai)這一階段(duan)中，相繼(ji)開發(fa)投產的(de)主要農藥(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)有(you)氟化(hua)鈉、氟鋁酸(suan)鈉、二硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)碳、硫(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)銅、魚藤粉，1951年山(shan)東以三氯(lv)乙(yi)烯為原(yuan)料(liao)在(zai)國內首(shou)先試(shi)制成(cheng)功了(le)(le)(le)糧食(shi)熏(xun)蒸劑(ji)氯(lv)化(hua)苦，后(hou)(hou)又相繼(ji)投產了(le)(le)(le)農藥(yao)主要原(yuan)藥(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)：殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)六(liu)六(liu)六(liu)原(yuan)粉、敵百蟲(chong)、蒽油乳劑(ji)、馬拉硫(liu)(liu)(liu)磷、乙(yi)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)磷；殺(sha)(sha)菌(jun)(jun)劑(ji)代(dai)森鋅(xin)(xin)、六(liu)氯(lv)苯、五氯(lv)硝(xiao)基苯、二硝(xiao)散；殺(sha)(sha)鼠劑(ji)磷化(hua)鋅(xin)(xin)；植物生(sheng)(sheng)長調(diao)節劑(ji)1-萘乙(yi)酸(suan)等。新中國農藥(yao)工業在(zai)一窮二白中起(qi)步(bu)(bu)，并(bing)(bing)在(zai)百廢待興的(de)背(bei)景(jing)下(xia)獲得(de)初步(bu)(bu)發(fa)展。
2 在(zai)探索(suo)前進中曲(qu)折發展
進入上世(shi)紀60年代(dai)后，盡管有(you)(you)艱(jian)難曲折，但(dan)農藥(yao)工業依然在探索中(zhong)向前發展。尤其是上世(shi)紀60年代(dai)前期(qi)，我(wo)國農藥(yao)工業穩(wen)步向前發展。1962年，楊石(shi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)向中(zhong)央領導同(tong)志(zhi)寫了(le)(le)一份《關于(yu)我(wo)國農藥(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)，特別是有(you)(you)機(ji)磷生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)點意見》，針對有(you)(you)機(ji)磷農藥(yao)一般毒(du)性大(da)的(de)(de)特點，提出(chu)選擇(ze)毒(du)性較低的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)個品種優先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進行生(sheng)產(chan)，同(tong)時注(zhu)意采用(yong)(yong)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進的(de)(de)藥(yao)械，以(yi)提高(gao)藥(yao)效和降低成(cheng)本，對使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)員要進行嚴格的(de)(de)培(pei)訓(xun)，以(yi)確保安全。同(tong)一年，楊石(shi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)受(shou)周(zhou)恩來總理的(de)(de)委(wei)托，籌建了(le)(le)南開(kai)(kai)大(da)學元素有(you)(you)機(ji)化學研究(jiu)(jiu)所，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后開(kai)(kai)展了(le)(le)有(you)(you)機(ji)磷化學及有(you)(you)機(ji)氟、有(you)(you)機(ji)硼等(deng)領域的(de)(de)研究(jiu)(jiu)，為開(kai)(kai)辟我(wo)國發展農藥(yao)的(de)(de)道路(lu)做出(chu)了(le)(le)貢獻(xian)。
1964？1966年，我國又先后投產了福美砷、甲基胂酸鈣、退菌特等有機砷殺菌劑，解決了一些農作物防治病害的急需。六十年代中期，上海有機化學研究所從大蒜中分離出一種殺菌成分，經合成篩選出優良農藥抗菌素402，這是我國首次仿生篩選成功的殺菌劑新品種。1965年、1966年，以這兩年中，一些農藥廠如山東張店農藥廠投產了敵敵畏、樂果；青島農藥廠正式投產了馬拉硫磷等農藥品種。上世紀60年代前后，國家對發展農藥非常重視。1965年，周恩來總理指出，要像抓化肥那樣，大抓農藥的生產和科學技術工作，以滿足農業增產的需要。為貫徹周總理的這一指示，國家科學技術委員會、化學工業部于同年9月，在杭州召開了全國農藥科學技術工作會議，討論制訂了把農藥年產量由69萬噸提高到100萬噸的方案，確定了一批技術攻關項目。會后，農藥戰線的職工，掀起了一個發展農藥生產的新高潮，只用了一年多的時間，在1966年底就實現了年產百萬噸的目標。1966年，農藥產量比1965年增長了36%。同時，有機磷農藥由1964年占總產量的8%上升到13%。農藥產品的質量和原料消耗等技術經濟指標，也達到了建國以來的最好水平。1966年后，國家又陸續建設了一批具有一定規模的綜合性農藥廠，如山西永濟、湖南資江、甘肅永清、湖北沙市等農藥廠，進一步擴大了農藥的生產能力。至1966年，研制的久效磷、螟鈴畏等3種有機磷農藥以及除草劑燕麥敵(di)，殺(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)葉枯凈，植(zhi)物生長調節劑(ji)(ji)矮壯素等(deng)新農(nong)(nong)藥，先(xian)后(hou)投入生產(chan)(chan)，有(you)的(de)還成為(wei)我(wo)(wo)國農(nong)(nong)藥的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)品種。這期間(jian)，沈陽化(hua)工研(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan)繼六(liu)六(liu)六(liu)研(yan)究(jiu)成果產(chan)(chan)業化(hua)后(hou)又開展(zhan)了(le)一系列(lie)研(yan)究(jiu)，包括改進六(liu)六(liu)六(liu)生產(chan)(chan)工藝(yi)，實(shi)現連續化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(1954？1975)，殺(sha)螨砜(1965？1966)、三氯(lv)殺(sha)螨砜(1963？1966)等(deng)有(you)機氯(lv)農(nong)(nong)藥；有(you)機磷(lin)農(nong)(nong)藥，如(ru)乙基內吸磷(lin)(1957？1964)、對(dui)硫(liu)磷(lin)(1961？1965)、敵(di)敵(di)畏(1966)、甲基內吸磷(lin)(1964？1970)等(deng)；除(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)(ji)，如(ru)2甲4氯(lv)鈉鹽(yan)(1959？1965)、敵(di)稗(1963？1964)、五氯(lv)酚(fen)鈉(1956？1962)、燕麥敵(di)2號(hao)(1967？1971)、除(chu)草(cao)醚(mi)(1964？1969)等(deng)；殺(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)，如(ru)代森(sen)鋅(1963？1966)、代森(sen)錳(1965)，2,4,5-三氯(lv)酚(fen)銅(tong)(1959)、克菌靈(1959)等(deng)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)，成為(wei)我(wo)(wo)國農(nong)(nong)藥研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)最(zui)早、最(zui)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)部屬研(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan)所(suo)(suo)，省市(shi)化(hua)工(農(nong)(nong)藥)研(yan)究(jiu)單(dan)位江(jiang)蘇所(suo)(suo)、浙江(jiang)所(suo)(suo)、四川所(suo)(suo)、湖南所(suo)(suo)、安徽所(suo)(suo)、上海所(suo)(suo)、山東所(suo)(suo)、廣州所(suo)(suo)等(deng)也做了(le)大量仿制工作。
文(wen)(wen)化(hua)大革命時(shi)期，農藥(yao)發展受到(dao)了沖擊，農藥(yao)科研機構(gou)解散，人(ren)員下放(fang)，農藥(yao)企業(ye)生(sheng)產渙散鬧革命，農藥(yao)幾(ji)(ji)乎到(dao)了崩(beng)潰(kui)的(de)(de)(de)邊沿。一直到(dao)文(wen)(wen)革結束(shu)才有好轉。1970年(nian)沈陽化(hua)工(gong)研究院張少銘先生(sheng)等人(ren)合(he)成(cheng)并篩選出多菌(jun)靈(ling)(ling)，1971年(nian)完成(cheng)中試，1973年(nian)投(tou)產，比BASF公司至少早(zao)兩年(nian)。多菌(jun)靈(ling)(ling)是內(nei)吸(xi)性(xing)殺菌(jun)劑(ji)，這(zhe)在(zai)當時(shi)世界上(shang)也是僅有的(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)種內(nei)吸(xi)性(xing)殺菌(jun)劑(ji)之一。多菌(jun)靈(ling)(ling)在(zai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)小麥(mai)(mai)赤霉病中發揮(hui)了重(zhong)大作用，當時(shi)長江(jiang)中下游(you)小麥(mai)(mai)赤霉病極其(qi)嚴重(zhong)，感病麥(mai)(mai)粒食用或作為飼料(liao)會引(yin)起人(ren)畜(chu)中毒(du)，當時(shi)在(zai)無藥(yao)可(ke)用的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下，多菌(jun)靈(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)問世解決了這(zhe)一防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)難(nan)題(ti)。后來多菌(jun)靈(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)使用范圍擴至其(qi)他糧食作物、果樹、蔬菜(cai)和多種經(jing)濟作物的(de)(de)(de)病害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。
這期(qi)間，仿制農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)稻瘟(wen)(wen)凈、異稻瘟(wen)(wen)凈、克瘟(wen)(wen)散(san)等也(ye)相(xiang)繼問世、投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，稻瘟(wen)(wen)病的(de)(de)(de)防治也(ye)做到(dao)有藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)可用(yong)。再加上(shang)(shang)代森鋅(xin)、代森錳等復配劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，以(yi)及(ji)氟硅(gui)酸鈉等在小麥銹病地區的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)等，這就(jiu)為禁止(zhi)(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、禁止(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)創造了(le)條(tiao)件。1972年我國(guo)宣布(bu)停止(zhi)(zhi)賽力(li)散(san)、西力(li)生等產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，1973年禁止(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)，一(yi)類藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)好(hao)、使(shi)用(yong)方法簡(jian)單(dan)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本低的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)效(xiao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)就(jiu)這樣(yang)退出了(le)“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)界”。禁用(yong)有機汞以(yi)后(hou)，根(gen)據農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)病害發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，又不斷(duan)研究出其(qi)它高(gao)效(xiao)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，例如甲(jia)(jia)基硫菌(jun)靈(ling)、甲(jia)(jia)霜(shuang)靈(ling)等高(gao)效(xiao)內吸性(xing)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，以(yi)及(ji)三唑(zuo)醇、三唑(zuo)酮、烯唑(zuo)醇、丙環唑(zuo)等產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化，所以(yi)禁產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)禁用(yong)有機汞，促(cu)進了(le)我國(guo)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)提升，也(ye)使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工作者(zhe)對(dui)蓄積性(xing)慢性(xing)毒性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)認識有了(le)飛躍。因此這是(shi)我國(guo)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展中的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)時期(qi)之(zhi)一(yi)，也(ye)在我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展歷(li)史上(shang)(shang)記下了(le)光(guang)輝的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)頁。1973年，針對(dui)十年動亂中農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展受到(dao)干擾，生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)遭到(dao)破壞，尤為嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)質量下降(jiang)，原材料消耗(hao)和(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本上(shang)(shang)升的(de)(de)(de)這種(zhong)(zhong)情況(kuang)，燃料化學工業(ye)(ye)部在江(jiang)蘇省南通市召開了(le)全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)驗交(jiao)流會。這是(shi)建(jian)國(guo)以(yi)來(lai)規模最大的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)專業(ye)(ye)會議。會上(shang)(shang)強(qiang)調(diao)了(le)支援農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性(xing)，明確了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)科研的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)任務，交(jiao)流了(le)搞好(hao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管理的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗。這次(ci)(ci)會議對(dui)穩定當時的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)起到(dao)了(le)很大作用(yong)。粉碎“四人幫”后(hou)，針對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)狀況(kuang)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)，有關(guan)工廠(chang)著重(zhong)進行(xing)了(le)敵(di)(di)百(bai)蟲(chong)、敵(di)(di)敵(di)(di)畏(wei)、馬(ma)拉(la)硫磷(lin)、樂果等主要(yao)(yao)老產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技術改造，提高(gao)了(le)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技術水平和(he)各項(xiang)技術經(jing)濟指標。同時積極(ji)發(fa)展殺(sha)螟硫磷(lin)、殺(sha)蟲(chong)脒、胺(an)甲(jia)(jia)萘、多菌(jun)靈(ling)等新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，使(shi)我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工業(ye)(ye)又大步向前發(fa)展。天津農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠(chang)、杭州(zhou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠(chang)、上(shang)(shang)海農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠(chang)、南通農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠(chang)、青(qing)島農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠(chang)、張(zhang)店農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠(chang)、重(zhong)慶農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠(chang)等十幾個廠(chang)逐(zhu)步發(fa)展成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)骨干企業(ye)(ye)。一(yi)些(xie)國(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)有機氯(lv)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)研制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)并(bing)在中國(guo)有了(le)較快的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展。60年代末試制投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)原藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有：殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)滴(di)滴(di)涕(ti)、磷(lin)胺(an)、乙基1605、蘇化203、久效(xiao)磷(lin)、3911等；殺(sha)螨(man)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)三氯(lv)殺(sha)螨(man)砜、一(yi)氯(lv)殺(sha)螨(man)砜；殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)代森鋅(xin)、福美胂、菲醌、退菌(jun)特；殺(sha)線蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)二溴氯(lv)丙烷；除草(cao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)2,4-滴(di)丁酯；植(zhi)物生長調(diao)節劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)矮壯素等。
1965年，六(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)產(chan)量已達到(dao)15萬(wan)噸，滴滴涕產(chan)量達到(dao)8,000噸。此后(hou)，其它有(you)機(ji)氯農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)種包括七氯、氯丹、毒(du)殺(sha)芬、三氯殺(sha)螨砜、三氯殺(sha)螨醇等(deng)也陸續研制成功，并投(tou)入(ru)工業化生產(chan)。毒(du)殺(sha)芬經(jing)浙江省化工研究(jiu)所(suo)研制成功。投(tou)產(chan)后(hou)，福(fu)建、江西(xi)等(deng)地(di)相繼推廣生產(chan)，總產(chan)量很快增加到(dao)近萬(wan)噸，成為當時(shi)主要(yao)(yao)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產(chan)品(pin)之一(yi)。1967年起(qi)，稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)凈(jing)(jing)、異稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)凈(jing)(jing)以及井岡霉素(su)相繼研制成功并投(tou)產(chan)，對防(fang)治(zhi)水稻(dao)(dao)稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)病(bing)、紋(wen)枯(ku)病(bing)等(deng)病(bing)害(hai)起(qi)了重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的作(zuo)用(yong)。尤(you)其在(zai)汞制劑(ji)停產(chan)后(hou)，這幾種殺(sha)菌劑(ji)迅速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)，保證了農(nong)業的需要(yao)(yao)。其中井岡霉素(su)是(shi)上海農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)研究(jiu)所(suo)從我(wo)國井岡山地(di)區的土壤中發(fa)現的菌株，經(jing)試驗研制成的農(nong)用(yong)抗(kang)菌素(su)新(xin)品(pin)種，對水稻(dao)(dao)紋(wen)枯(ku)病(bing)具有(you)良好的防(fang)治(zhi)效果，所(suo)用(yong)生產(chan)工藝(yi)，發(fa)酵單位(wei)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，生產(chan)成本較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)，用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)量低(di)(di)，藥(yao)(yao)效顯著，因而迅速(su)得到(dao)推廣。江蘇(su)、浙江、上海等(deng)沿(yan)海省市，由于地(di)少(shao)人多，迫切需要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)業生產(chan)的效率，加之工業基礎較(jiao)(jiao)好，技術力量較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)，原(yuan)料配套條件(jian)較(jiao)(jiao)好，因此，新(xin)建農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)廠(chang)也較(jiao)(jiao)多。敵敵畏(wei)、樂(le)果、馬拉硫磷(lin)、甲拌磷(lin)等(deng)一(yi)大批(pi)有(you)機(ji)磷(lin)殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)相繼投(tou)產(chan)，產(chan)量提(ti)高(gao)很快。
從1959年(nian)(nian)全國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)磷(lin)(lin)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的產(chan)(chan)量(liang)約2,500噸發(fa)(fa)展到1970年(nian)(nian)的10萬(wan)噸以(yi)上(shang)，占(zhan)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)的1/3，成(cheng)為農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)中的主(zhu)要品系，標志著我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)工業(ye)進(jin)入了(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)新的發(fa)(fa)展階段。上(shang)世紀70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)六六六最高年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)曾(ceng)達(da)(da)到35萬(wan)噸，加上(shang)滴滴涕(ti)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)(da)2.5萬(wan)噸左右，以(yi)及(ji)艾氏(shi)劑(ji)、狄氏(shi)劑(ji)、異艾氏(shi)劑(ji)、異狄氏(shi)劑(ji)、七氯(lv)(lv)(lv)、氯(lv)(lv)(lv)丹、毒(du)殺(sha)芬等多種有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)能力和(he)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)共(gong)達(da)(da)40萬(wan)噸左右，這個(ge)時(shi)期(qi)，是我國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)展的昌盛時(shi)期(qi)，也有(you)(you)(you)人稱為“有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)氯(lv)(lv)(lv)時(shi)代(dai)”。上(shang)世紀70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)后期(qi)和(he)80年(nian)(nian)代(dai)初，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)工業(ye)重新煥發(fa)(fa)生機(ji)，我國(guo)(guo)陸(lu)續(xu)研制出一(yi)(yi)批有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)合成(cheng)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)后，陸(lu)續(xu)投產(chan)(chan)了(le)敵銹鈉(na)、亞(ya)胺硫磷(lin)(lin)、甲胺磷(lin)(lin)、倍硫磷(lin)(lin)、殺(sha)螟松、辛(xin)硫磷(lin)(lin)、異丙磷(lin)(lin)、西維因(yin)、害(hai)撲威等有(you)(you)(you)代(dai)表性的品種，并在全國(guo)(guo)生產(chan)(chan)推廣，結束了(le)中國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)只(zhi)能仿造不(bu)能研制的歷史。
3 在(zai)改革開放中實(shi)現歷史轉折(zhe)
1978年(nian)，改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)拉開(kai)大幕(mu)。1978年(nian)11月10日~12月15日，中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)工(gong)(gong)作會(hui)議在(zai)(zai)北京舉行(xing)。會(hui)議討論了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)關于(yu)從1979年(nian)起把(ba)全黨工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)著重點(dian)轉(zhuan)移(yi)到社會(hui)主義現代化建設上來的(de)(de)設想，以及農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、國民經濟計劃和(he)國務(wu)院務(wu)虛會(hui)的(de)(de)總結等(deng)問題，極大地促進(jin)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。也就(jiu)是在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)年(nian)，封閉和(he)半(ban)封閉的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)始了(le)新的(de)(de)探索，加(jia)快改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)，實現了(le)歷(li)史轉(zhuan)折。由于(yu)“文(wen)革(ge)”的(de)(de)影(ying)響，當(dang)時的(de)(de)起點(dian)很(hen)低，1978年(nian)我國農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)和(he)創新能力等(deng)方(fang)面還遠(yuan)遠(yuan)滿(man)足不了(le)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)需要(yao)。1978年(nian)，安徽省化工(gong)(gong)研究(jiu)所研制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)功敵百蟲可溶(rong)粉(fen)劑(ji)，這(zhe)種(zhong)可溶(rong)粉(fen)劑(ji)克服(fu)了(le)敵百蟲原藥(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)解慢、使(shi)用不方(fang)便的(de)(de)弱(ruo)點(dian)。在(zai)(zai)顆粒(li)劑(ji)方(fang)面，陸續研究(jiu)成(cheng)功捏合法、浸(jin)漬法、包衣法等(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)造方(fang)法，相繼建成(cheng)了(le)生產(chan)車間或(huo)工(gong)(gong)廠，生產(chan)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)已(yi)有甲拌(ban)磷、殺螟丹、五(wu)氯酚鈉、滅草丹等(deng)顆粒(li)劑(ji)，產(chan)量(liang)(liang)逐年(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)。膠(jiao)懸劑(ji)因(yin)能使(shi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)微粒(li)呈懸浮的(de)(de)膠(jiao)態，藥(yao)(yao)效發(fa)揮(hui)較好，經科(ke)研試制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)功，很(hen)快用于(yu)生產(chan)，多菌靈(ling)膠(jiao)懸劑(ji)、莠去津(jin)膠(jiao)懸劑(ji)等(deng)，已(yi)有一(yi)定產(chan)量(liang)(liang)。
1978年化工部在張家口召開了取代六六六、滴滴涕座談會。會議分析了這類農藥存在的問題和應采取的對策，會上多數同志認為應加強對高效、低毒、低殘留農藥品種的研發和擴大生產，以盡早停用六六六、滴滴涕等。也是1978年，為了加快發展高效、低殘留農藥，化工部于7月底至10月初組織氯堿及農藥中間體生產技術考察團，考察了法、美、德、瑞士、瑞典等國的五硫化二磷(有機磷農藥中間體)、甲基異氰酸酯及甲萘酚(甲萘威的中間體)及甲萘威、間甲酚(殺螟硫磷的中間體)、苯酚、順酐(馬拉硫磷的中間體)、鄰仲丁基酚(巴沙的中間體)、氫氰酸及三聚氯氰(均三氮苯類除草劑的中間體)、二氯苯及氯甲苯等。這次考察是尋找替代六六六、滴滴涕的有機磷類及氨基甲酸酯類農藥為主要目的。由于國外大公司的技術壟斷及要價過高等原因，只引進了一套1.2萬噸/年的間甲酚生產技術和裝置，建設在北京燕山石化公司向陽化工廠。這反映了化工部為取代六六六、滴滴涕等農藥在認識上的思考和在技術裝備上的探索。緊接著時任副總理的李先念批準化工部關于引進農藥和中間體的建議，專門批準數億美元(要知道(dao)當(dang)時我國外匯儲(chu)備(bei)是很少的)。
1979年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)底、5月(yue)初，化(hua)工(gong)部(bu)又組織(zhi)了(le)更高(gao)規(gui)格(ge)的(de)農(nong)業化(hua)學考察(cha)團赴美國(guo)(guo)、日本、意大利、荷蘭、瑞士、英(ying)國(guo)(guo)的(de)36家公司(si)，主(zhu)(zhu)要考察(cha)了(le)殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)和(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)間體(ti)呋(fu)喃酚(fen)、克百(bai)威、涕滅威、甲萘威及(ji)(ji)異氰酸(suan)酯、二嗪磷、亞磷酸(suan)甲酯、吡啶、低碳脂(zhi)肪胺(an)以及(ji)(ji)除草劑(ji)、殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)及(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)間體(ti)。此次考察(cha)的(de)殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)及(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)間體(ti)也多是為了(le)取代高(gao)殘留的(de)六(liu)(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)、滴(di)(di)滴(di)(di)涕而做準備。由于國(guo)(guo)際上的(de)壓力和(he)(he)(he)我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)藥工(gong)業已有充分的(de)思想準備和(he)(he)(he)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)農(nong)藥品種生(sheng)(sheng)產基礎，1983年(nian)(nian)在由時任國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)常務副(fu)總理的(de)萬里同志主(zhu)(zhu)持的(de)國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)會議(yi)上，在聽取有關部(bu)門(men)匯報后(hou)，果斷作出(chu)決定(ding)(ding)，于1983年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)1日起停止六(liu)(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)、滴(di)(di)滴(di)(di)涕的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產和(he)(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)，僅(jin)保(bao)留天津(jin)化(hua)工(gong)廠(chang)和(he)(he)(he)揚州農(nong)藥廠(chang)用(yong)(yong)于出(chu)口(kou)非洲等(deng)地(di)防(fang)治虐蚊的(de)滴(di)(di)滴(di)(di)涕(世(shi)界衛生(sheng)(sheng)組織(zhi)允許使用(yong)(yong))和(he)(he)(he)沈陽化(hua)工(gong)廠(chang)、天津(jin)大沽化(hua)工(gong)廠(chang)林(lin)丹(dan)(六(liu)(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)純(chun)度有效(xiao)成分γ-體(ti))的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(法國(guo)(guo)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)家訂貨)，相應(ying)保(bao)留其提純(chun)γ-體(ti)后(hou)的(de)無(wu)效(xiao)體(ti)六(liu)(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)用(yong)(yong)于六(liu)(liu)(liu)氯苯(殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji))、三氯苯(溶劑(ji)及(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)間體(ti))、五(wu)氯酚(fen)鈉(殺(sha)滅血(xue)吸蟲寄主(zhu)(zhu)釘螺用(yong)(yong)藥)、五(wu)氯酚(fen)(鐵(tie)路(lu)枕木防(fang)腐)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產。
眾所周知，中國(guo)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革首先從農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)開(kai)始(shi)，1983年(nian)家庭聯產(chan)承(cheng)包責任制全面實(shi)施，極大地提高了(le)(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)積極性，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)發展帶(dai)動了(le)(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)消費，而這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)承(cheng)包責任制也(ye)開(kai)始(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)工業，進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)領域，極大促進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)發展，1983年(nian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)產(chan)量達33.13萬(wan)噸(dun)。上世紀(ji)80年(nian)代到(dao)本(ben)世紀(ji)初(chu)期，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)有機磷農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)開(kai)發和(he)生產(chan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)一個新時期，這(zhe)一階(jie)段開(kai)發投產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有：殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)甲基異柳磷、地亞農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)、蚜(ya)滅多(duo)、涕滅威(wei)、滅多(duo)威(wei)、殘(can)殺(sha)(sha)威(wei)、雙硫滅多(duo)威(wei)、殺(sha)(sha)滅菊(ju)酯(zhi)、甲氰(qing)菊(ju)酯(zhi)、高效(xiao)(xiao)氯氰(qing)菊(ju)酯(zhi)、三唑錫等(deng)；殺(sha)(sha)鼠劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)敵(di)鼠鈉鹽；殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)粉(fen)銹寧(ning)、甲基立枯磷、代森環、菌毒(du)清等(deng)；除草(cao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)枯醚工藝(yi)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)、綠黃隆、胺草(cao)磷等(deng)；植物生長調節(jie)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)乙烯利、784-1、助(zhu)壯素、三十烷醇等(deng)。1983年(nian)，井岡霉素產(chan)量達300噸(dun)(有效(xiao)(xiao)成分)，可供1.6億畝稻田(tian)施用(yong)，是我(wo)(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)抗(kang)菌素殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)量最大的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)些新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)發展，使(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又向高效(xiao)(xiao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)跨進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)(le)一步。在這(zhe)一時期中，化學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)和(he)復配(pei)制劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)發也(ye)有較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)發展。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)有乳油、粒劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、膠懸劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)及(ji)可濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、水(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、煙劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)制劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)加(jia)工和(he)復配(pei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發受到(dao)企業，尤其是小型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)企業的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視。到(dao)1983年(nian)底(di)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)原藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)與加(jia)工制劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)比例(li)率為1∶3，較(jiao)(jiao)3年(nian)前提高了(le)(le)(le)1倍。化學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)已(yi)具備殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、殺(sha)(sha)螨劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、殺(sha)(sha)線蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、除草(cao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、植物生長調節(jie)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、殺(sha)(sha)鼠劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、糧食(shi)熏(xun)蒸劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)八大類品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。
1984？1986年，我國殺蟲劑年產量達18萬噸，主要是甲基對硫磷、對硫磷、甲胺磷、馬拉硫磷、辛硫磷、敵百蟲、敵敵畏、樂果、氧樂果等，較快地解決了六六六、滴滴涕的取代問題。2008年2月26日國家環保部公布的第一批雙高(高污染、高環境風險)產品目錄中，農藥類涉及24種，包括毒蠅磷、甲拌磷、氧樂果、異柳磷、甲基異柳磷、水胺硫磷、克百威、涕滅威、滅多威、殺螨醇、三氯殺螨醇、殺鼠靈、乙酰甲胺磷等。對其中一些品種，例如乙酰甲胺磷、克百威，21世紀以來，雜環類農藥和生物農藥大放異彩，主要品種有：殺蟲劑Bt系列產品；殺螨劑瀏陽霉素；銀杏殺菌劑，植物增效殺蟲劑苦參堿、黎蘆堿等；殺蟲劑阿維菌素、高效專用殺菌劑木霉菌等。并出現了植物、生物農藥與化學農藥復配的新型農藥如殺蟲劑苦？氯、殺菌劑檗？酮？苦參堿等，殺菌劑棉花抗生素和植物生長調節劑赤霉素等。雜環類農藥和生物農藥幾乎占我國農藥總產量的2/3。當然，在產品創新方面的模范企業很多。如浙江新安化工集團的產品品質為什么能夠獲得國際認可？集團副總裁兼海外事業部總經理周曙光說：“集團一直非常注重技術創新，開創了草甘膦綠色生產(chan)路線(xian)，完成了氯元素循(xun)環、磷元素循(xun)環等多(duo)項技術，實現環保生產(chan)的同時也提(ti)高了產(chan)品競(jing)爭(zheng)力。”70年(nian)來，我國農(nong)藥(yao)工(gong)業(ye)走出了一條由仿(fang)制(zhi)到仿(fang)創結合再到自主創新(xin)(xin)的特色之路。使中國農(nong)藥(yao)業(ye)邁上一個(ge)新(xin)(xin)臺(tai)階，高效、安全、綠色、經濟(ji)型(xing)農(nong)藥(yao)引領(ling)中國農(nong)藥(yao)業(ye)蒸蒸日(ri)上、蓬勃發(fa)展，引領(ling)中國農(nong)藥(yao)工(gong)業(ye)進入了發(fa)展的新(xin)(xin)時代(dai)。
改(gai)革開放(fang)促進(jin)(jin)了我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)化。以(yi)浙(zhe)江(jiang)新安化工(gong)集團為例(li)，早在20多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前該企業(ye)就取得了自(zi)營進(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)權。歷經歐(ou)美(mei)(mei)市場反傾(qing)銷應訴、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匯率等(deng)風險后，矢志不(bu)(bu)(bu)渝(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)化，進(jin)(jin)軍國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)市場。其生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草甘膦原藥(yao)(yao)和(he)制劑(ji)等(deng)遍布(bu)在東南(nan)亞(ya)(ya)、美(mei)(mei)、非(fei)、澳洲(zhou)和(he)東歐(ou)等(deng)100多個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，總(zong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)量(liang)(liang)達(da)到(dao)12萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸/年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。當(dang)然這只是(shi)(shi)(shi)改(gai)革開放(fang)以(yi)來我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縮影。目(mu)(mu)前，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已經成(cheng)為世(shi)界(jie)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)海(hai)關數(shu)據顯示：“截止(zhi)到(dao)2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月底，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)額達(da)到(dao)32.46億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)24.40億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)33.0%；農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)量(liang)(liang)57.04萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)57.16萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸下降(jiang)0.2%。其中(zhong)(zhong)，原藥(yao)(yao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)額達(da)到(dao)18.27億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)13.68億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)33.5%；農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)量(liang)(liang)19.10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20.26萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸下降(jiang)5.8%；其中(zhong)(zhong)，制劑(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)額達(da)到(dao)14.20億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10.72億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)32.4%；農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)量(liang)(liang)37.95萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)36.90萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)2.8%。”據資料顯示，2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)數(shu)額80.72億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)140.53萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸。在一(yi)(yi)個(ge)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)風險管理研討會上，“一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)路”國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)已遍布(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)足跡，10國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)代表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報告的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)組(zu)數(shu)據就是(shi)(shi)(shi)最好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)例(li)證(zheng)，“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)吉(ji)爾吉(ji)斯坦90%~95%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，35家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)公司向我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)產(chan)品達(da)到(dao)1,000多種(zhong)。”“柬埔寨80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)來自(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類涵蓋殺蟲劑(ji)、殺菌劑(ji)、除草劑(ji)。”“尼日(ri)利亞(ya)(ya)主要(yao)從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)制劑(ji)，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸左右。”“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)大(da)(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，產(chan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%左右都(dou)用(yong)于出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)路國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)最多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在美(mei)(mei)洲(zhou)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)第一(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)大(da)(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，其次(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)巴西(xi)。”農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村部(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)檢定所副所長(chang)(chang)嚴端祥介(jie)紹，目(mu)(mu)前，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)遍及(ji)五大(da)(da)(da)洲(zhou)、180多個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)地(di)區(qu)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)已占(zhan)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%左右。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)已成(cheng)為我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)穩(wen)步(bu)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可忽視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)途(tu)徑。美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、澳大(da)(da)(da)利亞(ya)(ya)、日(ri)本、俄羅(luo)斯、加(jia)拿大(da)(da)(da)、德國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、法國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、意大(da)(da)(da)利等(deng)發(fa)(fa)達(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)，美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)市場。同(tong)(tong)(tong)時，世(shi)界(jie)主要(yao)糧(liang)食生(sheng)產(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)巴西(xi)、阿根廷，以(yi)及(ji)東南(nan)亞(ya)(ya)大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)地(di)區(qu)也都(dou)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產(chan)品。現在，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)占(zhan)全球產(chan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)半以(yi)上，形成(cheng)在世(shi)界(jie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)界(jie)占(zhan)有一(yi)(yi)席(xi)之(zhi)地(di)、欣(xin)欣(xin)向榮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)業(ye)。新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)行業(ye)日(ri)新月異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)就，有力地(di)證(zheng)明了新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)工(gong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基石(shi)。
4 在體(ti)制變遷(qian)中促進鳳凰涅盤
新(xin)中國(guo)成(cheng)立70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來，我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)藥業的(de)蒼桑巨變折(zhe)射出我(wo)國(guo)體制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)變遷，從(cong)舊中國(guo)的(de)封建(jian)、半封建(jian)到(dao)(dao)新(xin)中國(guo)社會主義制(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)初(chu)步建(jian)立；從(cong)建(jian)國(guo)之(zhi)初(chu)仿照蘇聯(lian)的(de)計劃經(jing)(jing)濟體制(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)(dao)具有中國(guo)特(te)色的(de)社會主義市場經(jing)(jing)濟體制(zhi)(zhi)，70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來，我(wo)國(guo)完(wan)成(cheng)了這(zhe)兩個偉(wei)大的(de)轉軌。尤其(qi)是在(zai)黨的(de)領導下，以市場化取向改革為核心(xin)的(de)體制(zhi)(zhi)創(chuang)新(xin)直接促進了我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)藥工業的(de)大發展，1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)藥產量逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)提(ti)高，1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)藥產量超過30萬噸，1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)達到(dao)(dao)39.45萬噸，1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)達到(dao)(dao)42.6萬噸。
進入21世紀，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)64.77萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)86.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)超過100萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)173.60萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，而到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)190.2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)、2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)超過了(le)200萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)累計(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)234.2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)20.4%；累計(ji)完成(cheng)了(le)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值1,644億(yi)元，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)23.8%。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)現(xian)有(you)已(yi)取得(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)許可和登記的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)超過1,819家(jia)(jia)(jia)，能夠生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)600多種農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)原藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)大國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，在世界(jie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)展上占有(you)舉足輕重的(de)(de)地位。據(ju)統計(ji)，2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)累計(ji)銷售額(e)518.2億(yi)元，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)20.8%。其中，化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)累計(ji)銷售額(e)分別為(wei)456.3億(yi)元和62億(yi)元，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)幅(fu)分別為(wei)19.9%和27.6%。生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)銷售額(e)所占比(bi)(bi)(bi)重約為(wei)12.0%，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)僅(jin)增(zeng)長(chang)0.7個(ge)百分點(dian)。2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)264.9萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)354.9萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，創(chuang)了(le)新(xin)(xin)高(gao)；2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)319.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)實現(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)374.4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)374.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)377.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)。可以看(kan)出(chu)，從(cong)100萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)到(dao)(dao)(dao)翻番(fan)僅(jin)僅(jin)是4年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)間，2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)業(ye)(ye)進入新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)發(fa)展周(zhou)期(qi)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)上量(liang)(liang)很快(kuai)，表現(xian)在產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)大、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)多，從(cong)業(ye)(ye)人員(yuan)多等方面(mian)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)從(cong)2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起已(yi)超過美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)為(wei)世界(jie)上第一大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)方面(mian)已(yi)經(jing)毋(wu)庸置疑，從(cong)2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)由(you)69.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)增(zeng)長(chang)至319.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，增(zeng)長(chang)了(le)3.58倍。到(dao)(dao)(dao)2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)原藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)294.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)，2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)負增(zeng)長(chang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)208.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)科技創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)平臺建設取得(de)成(cheng)效，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)南(nan)方農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)創(chuang)制(zhi)中心(xin)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)創(chuang)制(zhi)工(gong)程技術(shu)研(yan)究中心(xin)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)創(chuang)制(zhi)工(gong)程技術(shu)研(yan)究中心(xin)等一批國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)字頭平臺領軍行(xing)業(ye)(ye)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)化合物(wu)(wu)合成(cheng)能力已(yi)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)個(ge)/年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，篩(shai)選(xuan)能力達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)個(ge)/年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)性成(cheng)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)不斷出(chu)現(xian)；等等成(cheng)就(jiu)說明，沒有(you)新(xin)(xin)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立的(de)(de)70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，就(jiu)沒有(you)今日農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)為(wei)之一新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)好局面(mian)。
在黨的領導下，經過建國70多年的發展，我國農藥業擁有一批技術過硬的隊伍，總產量也由解放前的幾千噸發展到2018年的200多萬噸，產量不斷增加、品種不斷增多，質量不斷提高，隨著我國農業的大發展，農藥消費量也不斷攀升。經過70年的發展，我國已是世界農藥生產大國，目前我國已有農藥生產企業2,200多家，其中規模以上企業800多家。據中國農藥工業協會統計數據，2017年我國年銷售額在5億元以上的農藥企業達79家，10億元以上的農藥企業有50家，30億元以上的企業有10家。我國已有農藥上市企業50家，能夠生產600多種農藥原藥，農藥產量已占世界的1/3以上，堪稱世界農藥生產大國。在黨的堅強領導下，經過70年的發展，我國農藥行業顯示出獨特的優勢，市場化生產、供應體制基本確立(li)(li)，形成了(le)以(yi)民營經濟為主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體系(xi)；自主(zhu)化(hua)參與國(guo)(guo)際(ji)化(hua)競爭(zheng)能力不(bu)斷(duan)增強(qiang)；行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)組織化(hua)程度不(bu)斷(duan)提高(gao)(gao)。在保持民族工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)體地位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，還保持了(le)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)競爭(zheng)地位(wei)。目前，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)很多農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝、設(she)施設(she)備達到世界(jie)先進水(shui)平，出現(xian)(xian)了(le)一(yi)批擁有自主(zhu)知識產(chan)權的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)，質量管(guan)(guan)控(kong)嚴格，產(chan)品(pin)性(xing)價(jia)比高(gao)(gao)，在國(guo)(guo)際(ji)市場上受到了(le)用戶歡迎。70年來(lai)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)法規政策(ce)、技術、方(fang)法等都有很大(da)進步和發展(zhan)，從(cong)1983年開(kai)始，我國(guo)(guo)淘(tao)汰高(gao)(gao)毒(du)高(gao)(gao)風(feng)險農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)步伐不(bu)斷(duan)加(jia)快，已淘(tao)汰43種高(gao)(gao)毒(du)高(gao)(gao)風(feng)險農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，限用23種農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，促(cu)進中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)升級(ji)和結構調整。自2015年起，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)發起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)減行(xing)(xing)動，2017年6月1日(ri)，我國(guo)(guo)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)條例》開(kai)始執行(xing)(xing)。農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)村部配套(tao)推出了(le)六個(ge)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)規章，同(tong)時(shi)制定(ding)了(le)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)政策(ce)和詳(xiang)細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)登記評審資料要求。70年來(lai)，在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共產(chan)黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅強(qiang)領導下，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)同(tong)仁憑借膽識和智慧，用一(yi)個(ge)又一(yi)個(ge)新紀錄不(bu)斷(duan)帶(dai)給人們(men)驚喜與振奮，使一(yi)個(ge)名(ming)不(bu)見經傳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)壯(zhuang)大(da)成今日(ri)龐大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)陣容(rong)，創造出一(yi)個(ge)“從(cong)小到大(da)、由弱(ruo)圖強(qiang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)奇跡。可以(yi)說，沒(mei)有新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成立(li)(li)就沒(mei)有現(xian)(xian)代強(qiang)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，這是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)顛(dian)撲(pu)不(bu)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真理(li)！
5 在總結借鑒中奮斗新時代
2019年(nian)(nian)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)華人民共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立70周年(nian)(nian)，也是(shi)農藥(yao)工(gong)業(ye)迅猛發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)70年(nian)(nian)。70年(nian)(nian)披荊斬(zhan)棘，70年(nian)(nian)風雨兼程。回望新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立70年(nian)(nian)來我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農藥(yao)業(ye)走過的(de)曲折之(zhi)路，猶(you)如揭開中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農藥(yao)業(ye)這70年(nian)(nian)的(de)每一頁，歷(li)史(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)厚重讓我(wo)(wo)們(men)無法完整(zheng)地(di)(di)勾勒出產業(ye)清晰的(de)脈絡，但我(wo)(wo)們(men)愿意站在(zai)這歷(li)史(shi)的(de)交匯點，去探尋、銘記、思(si)考農藥(yao)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)每一個光(guang)影，為(wei)處于(yu)調整(zheng)階段的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農藥(yao)業(ye)帶來一些啟示和思(si)考。新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立70年(nian)(nian)來譜寫了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)華民族(zu)自強不(bu)息、頑(wan)強奮進的(de)輝煌篇章，也譜寫了(le)(le)一曲新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農藥(yao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)贊歌。回顧農藥(yao)工(gong)業(ye)70年(nian)(nian)變化歷(li)程，使我(wo)(wo)們(men)深刻地(di)(di)認(ren)識到(dao)：沒(mei)有新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)成(cheng)立，就沒(mei)有今日之(zhi)現代農藥(yao)工(gong)業(ye)！70年(nian)(nian)來，在(zai)黨的(de)正(zheng)確領(ling)導下，在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農藥(yao)人的(de)共(gong)同努力下，新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農藥(yao)工(gong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)取得了(le)(le)舉(ju)世矚目的(de)成(cheng)就，這是(shi)70年(nian)(nian)來，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農藥(yao)工(gong)業(ye)彌足珍貴的(de)成(cheng)績和經驗(yan)，必須認(ren)真總結借鑒、發(fa)(fa)揚光(guang)大(da)。
黨的(de)(de)(de)十八大以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，全(quan)(quan)體(ti)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)人正(zheng)式踏上(shang)了實現(xian)民(min)族(zu)復興(xing)夢(meng)想的(de)(de)(de)偉大征程(cheng)(cheng)，我(wo)們進(jin)(jin)(jin)入了新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代，開始了奮(fen)(fen)斗新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)征程(cheng)(cheng)。但農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)行業(ye)(ye)也面臨著進(jin)(jin)(jin)入新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。就(jiu)以(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)為(wei)例，綠色(se)生態環保安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)嚴厲要(yao)求、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)負(fu)增長以(yi)(yi)及專業(ye)(ye)大戶、家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)合(he)作社(she)、龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)性服(fu)(fu)務(wu)組織等(deng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主體(ti)和服(fu)(fu)務(wu)主體(ti)不(bu)斷(duan)涌現(xian)，對(dui)于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)生產與經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)提(ti)出了新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)問(wen)(wen)題新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)統計(ji)數據顯(xian)示(shi)，截至(zhi)2016年底(di)，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)各類家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)87.7萬家(jia)，其中(zhong)納(na)入農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)門名(ming)錄(lu)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)44.50萬家(jia)；農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)合(he)作社(she)193萬家(jia)；各類社(she)會(hui)化服(fu)(fu)務(wu)組織115萬家(jia)，其中(zhong)，從事(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產托管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)組織22.5萬家(jia)；各類龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)13萬家(jia)。如何(he)面對(dui)各種(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)形式不(bu)斷(duan)變革帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)供應(ying)保障(zhang)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)，是前(qian)所(suo)未有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)，也是以(yi)(yi)前(qian)70年歷程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)所(suo)沒有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)，沒有(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗可循。還有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)從傳統仿制(zhi)到自主協同(tong)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)體(ti)系(xi)以(yi)(yi)及產業(ye)(ye)生態化亟(ji)待推進(jin)(jin)(jin)；再有(you)(you)互聯網+農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和綠色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)利用(yong)率(lv)和精準用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)等(deng)等(deng)難(nan)題在奮(fen)(fen)斗新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)亟(ji)待破解(jie)(jie)。所(suo)有(you)(you)這些都必須(xu)在總結借(jie)鑒70年農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)成就(jiu)和經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，才(cai)能大膽創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，解(jie)(jie)決新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代奮(fen)(fen)斗歷程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)問(wen)(wen)題，取(qu)得新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)成就(jiu)。“昨夜斗回北，今朝(chao)歲起(qi)東(dong)。”回首過(guo)去，我(wo)們秉承(cheng)初(chu)心、牢記使命、砥礪(li)奮(fen)(fen)進(jin)(jin)(jin)；展(zhan)(zhan)望未來(lai)，我(wo)們壯懷激越、勇毅(yi)自信、創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)前(qian)行。讓(rang)我(wo)們在習近平新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)社(she)會(hui)主義思想指引下，樹立綠色(se)理(li)念，按(an)照(zhao)高質量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)要(yao)求，有(you)(you)效(xiao)應(ying)對(dui)外部(bu)環境深(shen)刻變化，迎(ying)難(nan)而(er)上(shang)、扎實工(gong)作，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)好(hao)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)優異成績敬獻中(zhong)華(hua)人民(min)共和國(guo)(guo)70華(hua)誕！
注：文中(zhong)數據來源于國家統計局、中(zhong)國海關以(yi)及中(zhong)國農藥工業協會等公開發布的歷年數據。
