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———訪中國(guo)農業科學院研究員、種(zhong)子專(zhuan)家佟屏亞(ya)教授(8期B3)

種子交易會遍地花開

　　記者：隨(sui)著市場經濟的發(fa)展，許多地(di)方(fang)都在借助某種(zhong)(zhong)名義(yi)爭相舉(ju)辦各類種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)交易會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。2005年(nian)，3月(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)泰山會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，4月(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)武(wu)漢會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，5月(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)成都會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，6月(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)南京會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，7月(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)徐(xu)州會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，8月(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)太原會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，9月(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)昆明會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，10月(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)鄭州會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，11月(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)哈(ha)爾濱會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，12月(yue)(yue)是(shi)(shi)海口會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。特別是(shi)(shi)在8~10月(yue)(yue)金(jin)秋季節(jie)，可能(neng)各地(di)一下(xia)子(zi)同時舉(ju)辦好幾個種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)交易會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，顯示(shi)出(chu)中國種(zhong)(zhong)業繁榮昌盛、興(xing)旺發(fa)達的大好形(xing)勢。

　　佟(tong)屏亞(ya)：新世(shi)紀以來，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)我國農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中增長(chang)最快、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益顯著(zhu)、前(qian)景(jing)看好(hao)(hao)的新興(xing)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之一，被稱為(wei)“展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)會(hui)(hui)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)”。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)已成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)定期聚(ju)集的重(zhong)要活(huo)動。通過(guo)(guo)品種(zhong)(zhong)、信息(xi)、資金、技術供需多(duo)方(fang)面，展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現科研(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果，搭建信息(xi)平臺，展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)形象，推介創新產品，研(yan)討行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)還(huan)為(wei)舉(ju)辦(ban)城市帶來不菲的經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)收(shou)入。總(zong)體(ti)來說(shuo)，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是健康的、積極的，已經(jing)(jing)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領域(yu)一項(xiang)“朝陽產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)界人(ren)(ren)士對種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)最多(duo)的意見是“重(zhong)復辦(ban)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)”，有(you)些種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)“錢(qian)味太濃”，官方(fang)舉(ju)辦(ban)會(hui)(hui)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點名“邀請”種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)老(lao)板“贊助”冠名費、協(xie)辦(ban)費、嘉賓費等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)，有(you)的交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)純屬“形象工程(cheng)”。很多(duo)商(shang)家反(fan)映參加展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)會(hui)(hui)“成(cheng)(cheng)本過(guo)(guo)高”，還(huan)有(you)個別展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)會(hui)(hui)“趁機斂財”。業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)界人(ren)(ren)士建議，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)的發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)向應(ying)該是“轉型、縮身、減負(fu)、為(wei)民”。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)要轉型，實(shi)際運作最好(hao)(hao)讓民間展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)覽公司成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)承(cheng)辦(ban)主體(ti)，或者由幾家企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)聯合組成(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)辦(ban)主體(ti)。根據(ju)地方(fang)資源、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規模、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)條件和消費水平，確(que)定舉(ju)辦(ban)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)的規模，辦(ban)成(cheng)(cheng)“節約型”種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)。政府在舉(ju)辦(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中最大的作用應(ying)該是創造和改善辦(ban)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)環境。

“誰有958，

今年準發家”

　　記者：種子市場有“誰有958，今年準發(fa)家”的說法。一些優(you)質玉米種價格(ge)居高不下而(er)銷售仍然(ran)火爆(bao)。如何(he)看(kan)待這種現象？

　　佟屏(ping)亞：鄭單(dan)958是新世(shi)紀(ji)以來我國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)玉米雜交種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它傳承(cheng)了緊湊型玉米的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)點，葉片斜舉，適宜密植(zhi)，抗病抗倒，又增加(jia)了軸細、粒大(da)(da)、出籽(zi)率高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)點，有很(hen)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)優(you)(you)勢；特別是制種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，為(wei)經銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)營造(zao)了很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)潤空(kong)間(jian)。鄭單(dan)958貨源短缺(que)引起種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)上揚的(de)(de)(de)原因：一(yi)是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)成本(ben)增加(jia)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在市(shi)場準入(ru)(ru)、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)研發、審定推廣、購買品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)、廣告宣傳、包裝(zhuang)加(jia)工、銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售網絡建(jian)設(she)等方面(mian)增加(jia)了投入(ru)(ru)，其中，品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)(ru)最(zui)多(duo)；二是由(you)于(yu)糧價(jia)(jia)上漲(zhang)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)制種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成本(ben)也(ye)相(xiang)(xiang)應增加(jia)。但總體(ti)上說玉米種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)比較(jiao)(jiao)平穩，雖(sui)然部分(fen)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)漲(zhang)幅較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)，但這些(xie)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)只(zhi)適種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)局部地(di)區，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)數量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)少。大(da)(da)路(lu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)與上年持平或(huo)略低于(yu)上年價(jia)(jia)格(ge)，有很(hen)多(duo)大(da)(da)路(lu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已接近或(huo)低于(yu)成本(ben)價(jia)(jia)，多(duo)數是適銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)不對(dui)路(lu)或(huo)是即將退出主栽(zai)地(di)位的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。因此，部分(fen)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)上揚，一(yi)定程度上反映(ying)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)回歸，是市(shi)場經濟條件下供求(qiu)關系自我調節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)，應視為(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)正常現(xian)象(xiang)。

良種補貼：

怎樣把好事辦好

　　記者：2006年國家(jia)繼續實施良種(zhong)補(bu)貼項目，支持糧(liang)食主產區(qu)農民(min)種(zhong)植優質專(zhuan)用(yong)糧(liang)食品種(zhong)，提高種(zhong)糧(liang)效益。您是如(ru)何看待這件(jian)事的？

佟屏亞：良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)補(bu)貼是(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)家繼糧食補(bu)貼之后(hou)采(cai)取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)又一(yi)項惠(hui)民(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)策。各(ge)級政(zheng)(zheng)府都(dou)成立了(le)領(ling)導組(zu)(zu)、招標組(zu)(zu)、評(ping)審(shen)組(zu)(zu)、督查(cha)組(zu)(zu)，建立了(le)“圖、表(biao)、冊、卡”項目(mu)檔案。可謂程序規范，認真細致。媒體也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)片叫好。但操作(zuo)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)委實(shi)給地(di)方政(zheng)(zheng)府帶(dai)來(lai)(lai)一(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)難題：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)太多，現在每年通過審(shen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)幾十上(shang)(shang)(shang)百(bai)(bai)個(ge)，市(shi)(shi)場上(shang)(shang)(shang)銷售的(de)(de)(de)(de)老品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)有幾十上(shang)(shang)(shang)百(bai)(bai)個(ge)，補(bu)給哪個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最合(he)適？二是(shi)(shi)(shi)營銷公(gong)司太多，一(yi)個(ge)縣就有好幾十家，下達給哪家公(gong)司最公(gong)平(ping)？三是(shi)(shi)(shi)限定(ding)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)選購(gou)某一(yi)兩個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)一(yi)定(ding)買(mai)賬。比如北(bei)方農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)愛(ai)吃面條(tiao)、饅頭，硬讓(rang)(rang)他(ta)(ta)們(men)改種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)強筋(jin)或弱筋(jin)小麥，他(ta)(ta)們(men)很(hen)不(bu)情(qing)愿；指定(ding)要種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植高油、高蛋(dan)白、高淀粉專(zhuan)用玉(yu)米(mi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)，玉(yu)米(mi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)榨油嗎(ma)？能(neng)(neng)(neng)提取(qu)蛋(dan)白嗎(ma)？誰來(lai)(lai)收(shou)購(gou)？一(yi)位農(nong)(nong)業專(zhuan)家質疑，大(da)面積集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)連片趨同性地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植某一(yi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，遇到(dao)自(zi)然(ran)災害，豈不(bu)招致全軍(jun)覆滅。意見最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企業。業界人(ren)士認為，把良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)補(bu)貼與(yu)統一(yi)供種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)掛上(shang)(shang)(shang)鉤是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)倒退。這項措(cuo)施影(ying)響了(le)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推廣(guang)，干預了(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)價格，一(yi)部(bu)(bu)分瀕(bin)臨關閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)有公(gong)司獲(huo)得了(le)“天上(shang)(shang)(shang)掉下來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)餡餅(bing)”。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)正(zheng)處于市(shi)(shi)場經濟初級階段，計(ji)劃(hua)經濟時代的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策慣性運動(dong)，即政(zheng)(zheng)府對經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)宏觀調控與(yu)微觀操作(zuo)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)摩擦碰(peng)撞，仍(reng)然(ran)在很(hen)多地(di)方不(bu)自(zi)覺地(di)表(biao)現出來(lai)(lai)。良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)補(bu)貼在實(shi)施過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)即使相當(dang)部(bu)(bu)分是(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但只要產生(sheng)一(yi)點偏差，都(dou)會影(ying)響整體效果，辦(ban)不(bu)好可能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)件吃力不(bu)討好的(de)(de)(de)(de)事。應(ying)該把良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)補(bu)貼款直(zhi)接發放(fang)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)手中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，農(nong)(nong)技部(bu)(bu)門做好品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推介，讓(rang)(rang)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)由決定(ding)選購(gou)什么(me)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。