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    筆者(zhe)日(ri)前從河北省(sheng)召開的(de)(de)高(gao)毒農(nong)藥(yao)替代技(ji)(ji)術(shu)研討(tao)會上(shang)獲(huo)悉，目前我國(guo)高(gao)毒農(nong)藥(yao)替代藥(yao)劑在(zai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、數量及效果等方面已(yi)能滿足農(nong)業(ye)植保需求，但(dan)進(jin)入市場后(hou)的(de)(de)推廣應用速(su)度緩慢，成(cheng)為制約產業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)瓶頸。為此(ci)專家(jia)建議，各地應加大(da)激勵與示范作用，讓企業(ye)和農(nong)民能確實(shi)在(zai)替代藥(yao)劑的(de)(de)生產和使(shi)用中獲(huo)利，以此(ci)推動我國(guo)高(gao)毒農(nong)藥(yao)替代技(ji)(ji)術(shu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)進(jin)程。

　　據(ju)介紹，由農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部種植業(ye)管理(li)司主(zhu)持(chi)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥檢定所、全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)技中心和全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科研(yan)院(所)等科研(yan)單(dan)位及推廣(guang)系統(tong)正在(zai)實施的、為期3年的高毒(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥替代(dai)試驗(yan)項(xiang)目，在(zai)高毒(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥替代(dai)藥劑的抗藥性(xing)及天敵(di)風(feng)險評估、品種篩選、示范應(ying)用(yong)等方(fang)面(mian)已經取得了突破性(xing)成果。但(dan)在(zai)推廣(guang)應(ying)用(yong)過(guo)程中還有一些問題必須盡快(kuai)解決(jue)。

　　河北省農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)檢定所負責(ze)人(ren)告訴筆者，在(zai)高(gao)毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)替(ti)(ti)代技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)推廣應用(yong)過程(cheng)中，替(ti)(ti)代農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)較(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)甲胺磷等高(gao)毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)種，存(cun)在(zai)殺蟲譜(pu)較(jiao)(jiao)窄、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)較(jiao)(jiao)慢、價(jia)格(ge)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)等不(bu)足(zu)。此外，農(nong)(nong)民對替(ti)(ti)代藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)特性及使(shi)(shi)用(yong)方法(fa)了(le)解很少(shao)，影(ying)響了(le)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性。對此，中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業大學李(li)學鋒教(jiao)授認為(wei)，現在(zai)是高(gao)毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)禁用(yong)與新農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)替(ti)(ti)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)過渡期，成本、價(jia)格(ge)及假冒偽劣產品(pin)等不(bu)利(li)因(yin)素，會隨著科技(ji)水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)、企業產品(pin)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)整以及農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)規范而(er)逐步化解。但最終應通過經濟杠桿(gan)激勵(li)農(nong)(nong)民使(shi)(shi)用(yong)高(gao)效(xiao)、低毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產品(pin)，進而(er)刺激企業調(diao)整產品(pin)結構、擴大產能(neng)、降低成本。

　　上海(hai)市農(nong)藥檢(jian)定所高級農(nong)藝(yi)師何(he)翠娟介紹，上海(hai)市近(jin)幾年對蔬(shu)菜種植大戶使用(yong)品(pin)牌委員會推薦(jian)用(yong)于蔬(shu)菜病(bing)蟲害(hai)防治(zhi)的(de)低毒、低殘留品(pin)牌農(nong)藥，政府都給予一定額度的(de)補貼，以解決高毒農(nong)藥禁用(yong)后(hou)給農(nong)民(min)造成的(de)經(jing)濟損失，效果明顯。

　　業(ye)內人士認為，要想讓高(gao)毒(du)農藥替代技術廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用，國(guo)家還(huan)應(ying)該在(zai)農藥登記管(guan)理上(shang)實(shi)行政(zheng)策傾斜，積極引導企業(ye)開發(fa)高(gao)毒(du)農藥的替代品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)研制(zhi)(zhi)現(xian)有(you)高(gao)毒(du)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的低毒(du)化(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)，并從現(xian)有(you)農藥品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)篩選高(gao)毒(du)農藥替代品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，開發(fa)集成配套技術，做(zuo)好大(da)面積示(shi)范推廣(guang)(guang)。　(關(guan)爾)