“常用(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥混(hun)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)”經常在農(nong)藥書刊的(de)附錄頁中(zhong)顯示。其標題(ti)名稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有多種(zhong)(zhong),或稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“農(nong)藥混(hun)用(yong)(yong)查(cha)對表(biao)”,或稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“農(nong)藥混(hun)用(yong)(yong)適否表(biao)”,或稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“常用(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥可(ke)否混(hun)合使(shi)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)”等(deng)等(deng)。其目的(de)是(shi)(shi)“簡捷”的(de)表(biao)達(da)出二種(zhong)(zhong)(二類(lei)(lei))農(nong)藥混(hun)用(yong)(yong)“是(shi)(shi)與否”。無論“是(shi)(shi)與否”都對常用(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥的(de)混(hun)用(yong)(yong)帶(dai)有指(zhi)導(dao)作用(yong)(yong)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)此類(lei)(lei)表(biao)格是(shi)(shi)從應用(yong)(yong)實踐中(zhong)正推的(de)結果(guo),且受時間(jian)(jian)、空間(jian)(jian)限制而過于“簡單”。必(bi)然給再反向應用(yong)(yong)帶(dai)來各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)困惑。為(wei)此在應用(yong)(yong)這類(lei)(lei)混(hun)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)中(zhong)的(de)“可(ke)混(hun)用(yong)(yong)”部分時,為(wei)“求全”為(wei)了避(bi)免出現差錯,務必(bi)注意(yi)以下幾(ji)點:
一、混用(yong)(yong)表(biao)中的(de)實(shi)例都是過去的(de)實(shi)踐總結,但在數量(liang)上(shang)受(shou)“常用(yong)(yong)”框架限制而(er)明顯滯(zhi)后。一般講,表(biao)中所(suo)列配對農(nong)(nong)藥只有(you)一、二十余種(zhong)。這種(zhong)有(you)限數量(liang)遠遠不(bu)能跟上(shang)農(nong)(nong)藥種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)快速更新和滿(man)足實(shi)際使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)急(ji)迫需求。為此(ci)在啟用(yong)(yong)表(biao)外未列“新”農(nong)(nong)藥的(de)參(can)混時,必須事先(xian)查找(zhao)可信(xin)資料,或自身進(jin)行安(an)全性測試,確(que)認無害后方能混制使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。切莫(mo)類(lei)推使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。
二、混(hun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)表中所列的配(pei)對(dui)混(hun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)(yao)慎視全國(guo)“通用(yong)(yong)(yong)”。農藥(yao)單用(yong)(yong)(yong)至農藥(yao)混(hun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)均會受著(zhu)地(di)域差別、氣候異常及設施各異的影響,必會涉(she)及到藥(yao)效和藥(yao)害等問(wen)題。所以(yi)在(zai)新拓施用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)區,或無“前車”成功經(jing)驗時(shi),要(yao)(yao)遵守農藥(yao)自(zi)身的特定要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),謹慎操作(zuo)混(hun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。如除草劑2,4滴(di)丁酯(zhi)在(zai)氣溫15℃以(yi)上時(shi)可揮發漂移,危害闊葉作(zuo)物(wu)(wu);殺菌劑敵克松一般(ban)不用(yong)(yong)(yong)于溫室(shi)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)。都是提示(shi)該類藥(yao)在(zai)參混(hun)時(shi)仍要(yao)(yao)注意非通用(yong)(yong)(yong)部分的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。
三、混(hun)(hun)用(yong)(yong)表中的(de)參混(hun)(hun)農藥(yao)(yao)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)明示有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)含量(liang)和劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)。這給取用(yong)(yong)增添(tian)困惑。事(shi)實上一種農藥(yao)(yao)會(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)多含量(liang)、多劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)差別。因為(wei)不(bu)同有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)含量(liang)的(de)農藥(yao)(yao)參混(hun)(hun)后,會(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)同的(de)利(li)弊(bi)效(xiao)果。劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)也如此。所(suo)以(yi)使用(yong)(yong)時要(yao)按照(zhao)劃定(ding)的(de)規格(ge),事(shi)先再核(he)準參混(hun)(hun)實例所(suo)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)含量(liang)和劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing),照(zhao)本宣科的(de)全(quan)盤執行。如果替用(yong)(yong),仍要(yao)按此標準推算同劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)的(de)不(bu)同含量(liang)下的(de)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)量(liang),進行操作(zuo)混(hun)(hun)用(yong)(yong)。
四、混用(yong)(yong)表(biao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)配(pei)對混用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)不明確。泛指未標明具體的(de)(de)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)物和防(fang)除病蟲草(cao)害種(zhong)類二部分。此局(ju)限性,只能反向復查各參(can)混農(nong)藥(yao)所能證實的(de)(de)田間適(shi)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)資(zi)料。最可(ke)靠是取用(yong)(yong)各農(nong)藥(yao)在(zai)國(guo)內注(zhu)冊登記(ji)所規定的(de)(de)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)物和防(fang)除對象。如超(chao)規定范(fan)圍(wei)外使用(yong)(yong),務必(bi)測試以減免風險。
五、混(hun)用(yong)表中的(de)可參(can)混(hun)農(nong)藥無參(can)混(hun)配比量(liang)(liang)(liang)。參(can)混(hun)配比量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)用(yong)好混(hun)用(yong)的(de)關鍵,嚴(yan)格(ge)講(jiang)要(yao)查(cha)核資科(ke)和實(shi)踐驗證(zheng),但也可使(shi)用(yong)普用(yong)規(gui)則。二混(hun)農(nong)藥共防同一病蟲(chong)草害時(shi)就要(yao)照半減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang),或再上下調量(liang)(liang)(liang)。各(ge)防各(ge)自病蟲(chong)草害時(shi)要(yao)保持各(ge)自原(yuan)有(you)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang),或再向下降量(liang)(liang)(liang)。但各(ge)農(nong)藥參(can)混(hun)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不能超過自身防治(zhi)該(gai)防治(zhi)對象時(shi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。
六(liu)、混用(yong)(yong)表中對(dui)接受混藥的作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)安(an)全欠關注。農藥對(dui)各種(zhong)(zhong)農作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)、同(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)的不同(tong)品種(zhong)(zhong)、同(tong)品種(zhong)(zhong)下不同(tong)生(sheng)育階段都有(you)各自的適用(yong)(yong)安(an)全程度(du)。利用(yong)(yong)單(dan)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)劑施用(yong)(yong)時所(suo)提醒的各種(zhong)(zhong)安(an)全限(xian)度(du),仍可(ke)借鑒到混用(yong)(yong)中。如農藥殺螟松對(dui)高梁和十字(zi)花(hua)科蔬菜易產生(sheng)藥害,在混用(yong)(yong)時仍要(yao)禁施。作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)幼苗(miao)期(qi)對(dui)各種(zhong)(zhong)農藥敏感(gan)反應(ying),也(ye)應(ying)給于必要(yao)關注。
七、混(hun)(hun)用表(biao)中(zhong)未能(neng)表(biao)明混(hun)(hun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)順序(xu)和方法。如(ru)農藥(yao)的(de)乳(ru)油(you)(劑(ji))和可(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑(ji)混(hun)(hun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),混(hun)(hun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)順序(xu)應(ying)是先(xian)(xian)將乳(ru)油(you)(劑(ji))農藥(yao)配好對(dui)足(zu),次后(hou)再按藥(yao)液量,加(jia)入(ru)(ru)經核(he)算的(de)另一可(ke)濕性農藥(yao)用量。兩(liang)種(zhong)可(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑(ji)間的(de)混(hun)(hun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也要按照(zhao)先(xian)(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)混(hun)(hun)的(de)章法辦理。不能(neng)將乳(ru)油(you)(劑(ji))農藥(yao)和可(ke)濕性農藥(yao),或兩(liang)種(zhong)可(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑(ji)同時(shi)加(jia)入(ru)(ru)混(hun)(hun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。或“先(xian)(xian)粉(fen)后(hou)乳(ru)”的(de)違章操作。
八、混用表中的混用只限于“一對一”的二混方式。如果應用三混,或不提倡的多混方式,都因比二混使用更具有復雜和風險性,所以在實施前,務必求助專業機構和專業技術人員的技術指導。
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