根據2006年(nian)(nian)我縣(xian)農作物(wu)病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)鼠害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生實況及(ji)2007年(nian)(nian)作物(wu)種(zhong)植計劃、品種(zhong)布局(ju)情況,結合氣象部(bu)門(men)的(de)長期天氣預報及(ji)歷年(nian)(nian)來我縣(xian)農作物(wu)病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)鼠害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生特點、栽(zai)培(pei)水(shui)平等因素綜(zong)合分析,預計2007年(nian)(nian)農作物(wu)病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)鼠害(hai)總體趨勢為中等發(fa)(fa)生,部(bu)分病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)中等偏重發(fa)(fa)生。
一、作物布局
據考察,全縣小(xiao)麥(mai)播種(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)73.8萬畝(mu),折實麥(mai)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)70萬畝(mu)。種(zhong)(zhong)子包衣面(mian)(mian)積(ji)66.2萬畝(mu),藥劑(ji)拌種(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)7.2萬畝(mu),均比(bi)(bi)去年(nian)略(lve)有(you)增加(jia);由于(yu)秋作(zuo)物騰(teng)茬早,深(shen)耕深(shen)翻面(mian)(mian)積(ji)也(ye)比(bi)(bi)去年(nian)增加(jia),有(you)機肥施用量(liang)比(bi)(bi)去年(nian)增加(jia),精播半(ban)精播面(mian)(mian)積(ji)比(bi)(bi)去年(nian)略(lve)有(you)增加(jia),留套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)行面(mian)(mian)積(ji)9.5萬畝(mu),優質麥(mai)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)66.2萬畝(mu),占小(xiao)麥(mai)播種(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的90%。
全縣73.8萬(wan)畝(mu)小(xiao)麥平均基本苗(miao)17.6萬(wan),畝(mu)莖(jing)數66.8萬(wan),單株(zhu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗3.8個(ge)(ge)(ge),三葉大蘗2.4個(ge)(ge)(ge),單株(zhu)次生根11.5條。今年(nian)(nian)(nian)一類(lei)苗(miao)面積(ji)32.5萬(wan)畝(mu),占總面積(ji)的44%,比(bi)去年(nian)(nian)(nian)高(gao)42.8個(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian),比(bi)正常年(nian)(nian)(nian)份高(gao)21.5個(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian);二類(lei)苗(miao)面積(ji)29.7萬(wan)畝(mu),占總面積(ji)的40.2%,比(bi)去年(nian)(nian)(nian)高(gao)15.6個(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian),比(bi)正常年(nian)(nian)(nian)份低2.8個(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian);三類(lei)苗(miao)面積(ji)13.6萬(wan),占總面積(ji)的18.4%,比(bi)去年(nian)(nian)(nian)低55.7個(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian),比(bi)正常年(nian)(nian)(nian)份低16.3個(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)。
10-11月份溫度偏高,苗(miao)情(qing)長勢好,也同(tong)樣使得病(bing)蟲基數(shu)增大,有利(li)于明年病(bing)蟲害發(fa)生為害。
二、病蟲基數
1、棉鈴蟲:11月22-25日(ri)挖查棉鈴蟲蛹(yong)(yong)(yong),縣站(zhan)及各網長共挖查各類茬口(kou)田(tian)(tian)225平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi),有蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),平(ping)(ping)均每(mei)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)量0.018頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。其中,棉田(tian)(tian)55平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi),蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),每(mei)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)量0.014頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou);玉米(mi)田(tian)(tian)60平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi),蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),每(mei)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)量0.017頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou); 花生田(tian)(tian)50平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi),蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),每(mei)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)量0.02頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),大豆田(tian)(tian)60平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi),蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),每(mei)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)量0.017頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),均比歷(li)年(nian)大幅(fu)度減少(shao)(shao)。加權平(ping)(ping)均畝蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)量11.79頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),全縣各類作物田(tian)(tian)越冬總蛹(yong)(yong)(yong)量8785050頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比去(qu)年(nian)增加20.34%,比歷(li)年(nian)減少(shao)(shao)91.9%。基(ji)數較低,不利于明(ming)年(nian)一代棉鈴蟲發生。
2、棉(mian)蚜:12月(yue)4-5日調(diao)查(cha)石榴(liu)(5寸(cun))枝條135個,每枝條平均(jun)有棉(mian)蚜卵(luan)1.2粒,是近幾年(nian)來最高的(de)一(yi)年(nian),比(bi)歷年(nian)少(shao)。結(jie)合(he)近年(nian)棉(mian)田棉(mian)蚜發(fa)生情況,分析明(ming)年(nian)棉(mian)蚜發(fa)生程(cheng)度仍較低,不會造成大的(de)危害(hai)。
3、玉米螟(ming)蟲(chong)(chong):12月3-6日(ri)剝夏玉米稈(gan)1100桿,有(you)蟲(chong)(chong)1133頭(tou)(tou),折(zhe)百稈(gan)活蟲(chong)(chong)98頭(tou)(tou)。其中(zhong)玉米螟(ming)836頭(tou)(tou)占(zhan)73.8%,條螟(ming)132頭(tou)(tou)占(zhan)11.7%,桃(tao)(tao)蛀螟(ming)110頭(tou)(tou)占(zhan)9.7%,死(si)蟲(chong)(chong)55頭(tou)(tou)占(zhan)4.9%。百稈(gan)蟲(chong)(chong)量比(bi)去年增加28.27%,與(yu)近幾年不同的是今年玉米螟(ming)比(bi)例較(jiao)高,桃(tao)(tao)蛀螟(ming)有(you)所上升。
4、小麥(mai)蚜(ya)蟲:12月(yue)1-2日調查各(ge)類(lei)麥(mai)田(tian)54塊,平均百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)蚜(ya)量347.8頭,是歷年(nian)同(tong)期的(de)435倍。一類(lei)田(tian)平均百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)635.5頭,二(er)類(lei)田(tian)平均47.8頭,三類(lei)田(tian)平均26.7頭,不同(tong)類(lei)別田(tian)差別較(jiao)大(da),10月(yue)5日前播種的(de)地塊最高,百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)800頭以(yi)上。基(ji)數較(jiao)高,且我縣優質麥(mai)種植(zhi)面積比(bi)例(li)較(jiao)大(da),利于(yu)麥(mai)蚜(ya)發(fa)生(sheng)危害。
5、小麥紋枯(ku)病(bing): 12月1-2日調(diao)查(cha)各類麥田(tian)54塊,病(bing)田(tian)率(lv)92.6%,病(bing)點(dian)率(lv)90.7%,病(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)19.8%,比歷年平均值(12.3%)增加61.0%,是近(jin)15年來第三位。
6、小麥紅蜘蛛(zhu):12月1-2日(ri)調查各類麥田54塊,紅蜘蛛(zhu)種類以麥圓為主,平均每(mei)市尺單行9.7頭,比去年減少18.5%,基數較低(di),不(bu)利于紅蜘蛛(zhu)發生。
7、白粉(fen)病、銹病:12月1-8日大范圍普(pu)查,調查地塊104塊,均未發現(xian)白粉(fen)病、銹病。
8、地下害蟲(chong):麥田(tian)為害株率平均5.3%,以金針蟲(chong)為主,部(bu)分地塊螻蛄數量有明顯上升。預計麥田(tian)偏輕(qing)發生,菜田(tian)和(he)特殊環(huan)境較重(zhong)。
三、氣象條件
據氣(qi)象部門(men)預測,明年(nian)(nian)為豐雨年(nian)(nian)份(fen),溫(wen)度變化不大,比(bi)歷年(nian)(nian)略(lve)低, 3~5月份(fen)降雨略(lve)偏多,有(you)利于病蟲害的發(fa)生。
四、2007年病蟲(chong)發(fa)生趨勢
根據(ju)病(bing)、蟲源(yuan)基數及影響病(bing)蟲害發(fa)生因素,結合歷年(nian)資料(liao),采用評判法及FUZZY 分(fen)析(xi)等預報(bao)手(shou)段綜合分(fen)析(xi),明(ming)年(nian)病(bing)蟲發(fa)生趨(qu)勢(shi)為(wei):
1、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)病(bing)蟲害:中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)程度(du)以上發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng), 其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):①小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)蚜蟲:大(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(5級(ji))。冬(dong)前(qian)越冬(dong)基數高(gao),冬(dong)及早(zao)春不遇惡劣氣候(hou),苗蚜將大(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積70萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。②小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)紅蜘蛛:中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)偏輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(2級(ji)),以麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)圓蜘蛛為主,發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積30萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。③地(di)下害蟲:中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)偏輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(2級(ji)),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積30萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。④小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)吸漿蟲:零(ling)星(xing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。⑤小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)紋枯病(bing):中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)偏重發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(4級(ji)),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積50萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。該(gai)病(bing)在(zai)近(jin)10年(nian)來發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嚴重且(qie)較穩定(ding),土壤(rang)含菌量高(gao),目前(qian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)基數較高(gao),利(li)于(yu)該(gai)病(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)危害。⑥小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)銹(xiu)(xiu)病(bing):條(tiao)銹(xiu)(xiu)輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(1級(ji)),若4月份氣候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)適宜有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)度(du)流行的(de)可能(neng); 葉銹(xiu)(xiu)病(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)偏重發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(4級(ji)),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積55萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。⑦小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)白粉病(bing):中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(3級(ji)),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積35萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu),感病(bing)品種(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)偏重發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(4級(ji))。⑧小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)赤霉(mei)病(bing):輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),若小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)花期(qi)遇連陰雨天氣,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)程度(du)流行。⑨小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)病(bing)毒病(bing):小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)叢矮病(bing)零(ling)星(xing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。
2、棉(mian)(mian)田病(bing)蟲害:中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)程度發生(sheng)(sheng):以2~4 代棉(mian)(mian)鈴(ling)蟲、棉(mian)(mian)蚜(ya)(ya)、棉(mian)(mian)花苗病(bing)、枯(ku)黃萎病(bing)為主。①棉(mian)(mian)鈴(ling)蟲:一代輕(qing)發生(sheng)(sheng),二代中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)偏(pian)(pian)重發生(sheng)(sheng)、三(san)代、四代中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)發生(sheng)(sheng)。②棉(mian)(mian)蚜(ya)(ya):苗蚜(ya)(ya)、伏蚜(ya)(ya)中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)偏(pian)(pian)輕(qing)發生(sheng)(sheng)。③棉(mian)(mian)盲蝽:中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)偏(pian)(pian)輕(qing)發生(sheng)(sheng)。④棉(mian)(mian)花苗病(bing)、枯(ku)黃萎病(bing)中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)偏(pian)(pian)輕(qing)發生(sheng)(sheng)。
3、玉(yu)米(mi)病(bing)(bing)蟲害:中等(deng)以(yi)下(xia)程度發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng),以(yi)玉(yu)米(mi)螟、葉(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)、穗蟲、紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲為主。①玉(yu)米(mi)螟:一代(dai)大發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng);二、三代(dai)中等(deng)偏(pian)輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。②玉(yu)米(mi)薊馬:輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。③葉(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing):大、小(xiao)斑病(bing)(bing)中等(deng)偏(pian)輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng),彎孢霉(mei)葉(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)中等(deng)偏(pian)重發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。④褐斑病(bing)(bing):中等(deng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。⑤蚜蟲:中等(deng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。⑥玉(yu)米(mi)紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing):輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。⑦玉(yu)米(mi)病(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing):零(ling)星發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。
4、花生(sheng)(sheng)病蟲害:中等程(cheng)度以(yi)上發生(sheng)(sheng),其中, 花生(sheng)(sheng)葉斑病、蠐螬(cao)中等偏重發生(sheng)(sheng),其它病蟲中等偏輕以(yi)下發生(sheng)(sheng)。
5、大豆(dou)病蟲(chong)害:中(zhong)等偏輕(qing)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),以蠐(qi)螬、 大豆(dou)食葉害蟲(chong)為主,其中(zhong),蠐(qi)螬中(zhong)等發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),食葉害蟲(chong)輕(qing)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),大豆(dou)病毒病、胞囊(nang)線(xian)蟲(chong)零星發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。
6、蔬菜病(bing)蟲害:中(zhong)等偏重發(fa)生。
7、果樹病(bing)蟲害:中(zhong)等以上程度發生。 |