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農作物病蟲草(cao)害的(de)(de)農藥(yao)(yao)防(fang)治，在(zai)田間(jian)噴灑施用時都(dou)有(you)各(ge)自(zi)規范的(de)(de)配制藥(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)。在(zai)傳授施用藥(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)中，主要分(fen)為商品(pin)制劑用藥(yao)(yao)量(liang)、稀釋倍數、有(you)效成分(fen)用藥(yao)(yao)量(liang)和有(you)效濃度等四類藥(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)形式(shi)。現將各(ge)形式(shi)中的(de)(de)施用藥(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)和配制操(cao)作解說如下：

    一(yi)、應用(yong)(yong)(yong)商品制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。是(shi)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)最常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、最易懂的(de)(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)方(fang)。書寫為單位面(mian)積(ji)上的(de)(de)商品制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。例(li)(li)如，防(fang)治水(shui)(shui)稻紋枯病，每畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)5%井(jing)岡(gang)霉素(su)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)160毫升(sheng)(sheng)，加(jia)足水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)；防(fang)除韭菜田(tian)雜(za)草，用(yong)(yong)(yong)33%除草通乳(ru)油，每667m2（畝(mu)）100～150ml（亳升(sheng)(sheng)），對(dui)水(shui)(shui)40~50kg（公(gong)斤）噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)處理(li)土壤(rang)；防(fang)治棉鈴(ling)蟲(chong)初孵幼蟲(chong)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)20%殺鈴(ling)脲懸浮劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)375～600ml/hm2（公(gong)頃），對(dui)水(shui)(shui)750L（升(sheng)(sheng)）進行常(chang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)噴(pen)(pen)藥(yao)(yao)。以上三例(li)(li)的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)方(fang)在田(tian)間施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)上配制(zhi)(zhi)、操作(zuo)便利(li)。明(ming)白指出，施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)是(shi)市售商品農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，單位面(mian)積(ji)上施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，或(huo)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，再(zai)均勻混(hun)到規定用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)，直(zhi)接(jie)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)，粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)則直(zhi)接(jie)噴(pen)(pen)撒(sa)。除單劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)單用(yong)(yong)(yong)外，現混(hun)現用(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)此類藥(yao)(yao)方(fang)。例(li)(li)如，防(fang)治黃瓜(gua)炭疽病，每畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)70%甲基托(tuo)布津可(ke)(ke)濕性(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)50克加(jia)75%百菌清(qing)可(ke)(ke)濕性(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)100克，對(dui)水(shui)(shui)60升(sheng)(sheng)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)；防(fang)除水(shui)(shui)稻水(shui)(shui)育秧田(tian)雜(za)草，用(yong)(yong)(yong)50%優(you)克稗乳(ru)油3000毫升(sheng)(sheng)/公(gong)頃+10%芐嘧(mi)磺隆可(ke)(ke)濕性(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)150克/公(gong)頃，播(bo)后(hou)苗前采用(yong)(yong)(yong)毒土法(fa)撒(sa)施(shi)。配制(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)，前者例(li)(li)是(shi)在60升(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)加(jia)入(ru)70%甲基托(tuo)布津可(ke)(ke)濕性(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)50克混(hun)勻，再(zai)加(jia)75%百菌清(qing)可(ke)(ke)濕性(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)100克混(hun)勻后(hou)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)。后(hou)者例(li)(li)是(shi)把二種農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)按規定面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，先(xian)后(hou)均勻拌混(hun)在適量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)細土中(zhong)，再(zai)撒(sa)施(shi)。應用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)根據(ju)實(shi)情，調整施(shi)藥(yao)(yao)面(mian)積(ji)，并(bing)按比例(li)(li)調整用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。

    二、應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)稀(xi)(xi)釋(shi)倍(bei)數。是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)最(zui)普遍、通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)。操作(zuo)極為簡(jian)捷。書寫(xie)為商(shang)品農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)加(jia)（稀(xi)(xi)釋(shi)）水（其他(ta)填充物）倍(bei)數。例如，防治(zhi)(zhi)煙(yan)草炭(tan)疽病(bing)(bing)、黑(hei)脛病(bing)(bing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)80%代森鋅(xin)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)400倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)，每次噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)50公斤；防治(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)菜炭(tan)疽病(bing)(bing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌(jun)靈可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)與75%百菌(jun)清(qing)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)1比1的(de)混(hun)(hun)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)500倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)。以(yi)上(shang)二例都是(shi)(shi)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)品農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)稀(xi)(xi)釋(shi)倍(bei)數。如稀(xi)(xi)釋(shi)500倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)指商(shang)品農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)1份加(jia)上(shang)500份水。同理操作(zuo)，防治(zhi)(zhi)煙(yan)草炭(tan)疽病(bing)(bing)、黑(hei)脛病(bing)(bing)，是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)80%代森鋅(xin)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)1份對水400份，即成400倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。防治(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)菜炭(tan)疽病(bing)(bing)，只是(shi)(shi)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二商(shang)品農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)等量(liang)(liang)混(hun)(hun)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)1份對水500份。現混(hun)(hun)現用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)，其配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)照章辦理。例如，防治(zhi)(zhi)甜(tian)椒灰霉病(bing)(bing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌(jun)靈可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和50%撲海(hai)因(yin)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)2000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)混(hun)(hun)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)。在配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)上(shang)先(xian)要(yao)“反向”處理。假定(ding)要(yao)配(pei)(pei)成2000份（毫(hao)升）稀(xi)(xi)釋(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其中(zhong)應(ying)加(jia)50%多(duo)菌(jun)靈可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)（2000÷1000=2）2份（克），50%撲海(hai)因(yin)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)（2000÷2000=1）1份（克），混(hun)(hun)成藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)。具體(ti)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)(ke)隨配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)少(shao)而按比例調節(jie)。此類藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)只表(biao)(biao)示配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)后的(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)量(liang)(liang)。而單位面積(ji)上(shang)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)量(liang)(liang)應(ying)參照各自(zi)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)量(liang)(liang)。也可(ke)(ke)依(yi)據種植植株(zhu)表(biao)(biao)現、土壤(rang)干濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)狀況以(yi)及噴(pen)灑(sa)器械不同等變因(yin)，而對單位面積(ji)中(zhong)常量(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)量(liang)(liang)進行調整。

    三(san)、應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)。是農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中國際(ji)普用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、國內常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)配制(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)。書寫為(wei)單位面積上(shang)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)份用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)。例(li)如，防(fang)治(zhi)小(xiao)麥穗部蚜(ya)蟲，抗蚜(ya)威的(de)推(tui)薦使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)為(wei)5.0~7.5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)）/畝(mu)；防(fang)治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻紋(wen)枯病，井岡霉(mei)素(su)每(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)每(mei)次有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)為(wei)75~112.5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1125升噴灑；防(fang)治(zhi)粘(zhan)蟲，每(mei)畝(mu)次用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)除(chu)蟲脲(niao)為(wei)1~2克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)）。以上(shang)三(san)例(li)都是各(ge)自施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)。此用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)在田(tian)間不(bu)能(neng)直(zhi)接施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，必須要把(ba)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)換(huan)(huan)算(suan)(suan)到商品(pin)(pin)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)。如抗蚜(ya)威防(fang)治(zhi)麥蚜(ya)，首(shou)先(xian)對抗蚜(ya)威要選定(ding)50%可濕(shi)性(xing)粉劑商品(pin)(pin)制(zhi)(zhi)劑，再(zai)(zai)以每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)5.0~7.5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)基準(zhun)，通過5.0~7.5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)÷50%的(de)換(huan)(huan)算(suan)(suan)，得出要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%抗蚜(ya)威可濕(shi)性(xing)粉劑10~15克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)商品(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)。再(zai)(zai)按(an)(an)常規(gui)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)噴霧。又如井岡霉(mei)素(su)防(fang)治(zhi)紋(wen)枯病，也(ye)是先(xian)確定(ding)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5%井岡霉(mei)素(su)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑，再(zai)(zai)以每(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)75.0~112.5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)÷5%=1500~2250克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，即每(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商品(pin)(pin)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)5%井岡霉(mei)素(su)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑1500~2250克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)。除(chu)蟲脲(niao)防(fang)治(zhi)粘(zhan)蟲，也(ye)應先(xian)確定(ding)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)20%除(chu)蟲脲(niao)懸浮劑，而后(hou)(hou)按(an)(an)上(shang)法(fa)(fa)同(tong)(tong)(tong)理(li)推(tui)算(suan)(suan)。應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)的(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)，必先(xian)換(huan)(huan)算(suan)(suan)后(hou)(hou)再(zai)(zai)實用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。但它有(you)(you)(you)(you)“一數(shu)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”特點，即用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)，能(neng)對不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)含(han)量(liang)的(de)商品(pin)(pin)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)換(huan)(huan)算(suan)(suan)。如防(fang)治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻紋(wen)枯病，井岡霉(mei)素(su)的(de)每(mei)次每(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)為(wei)75~112.5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)市售5%井岡霉(mei)素(su)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑時，換(huan)(huan)算(suan)(suan)后(hou)(hou)每(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1500~2250克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)商品(pin)(pin)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。當取(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)3%、10%井岡霉(mei)素(su)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑，或用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2%、15%井岡霉(mei)素(su)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)性(xing)粉劑時，就按(an)(an)同(tong)(tong)(tong)理(li)同(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)換(huan)(huan)算(suan)(suan)出每(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)的(de)各(ge)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)含(han)量(liang)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)。依次用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)為(wei)2500~3750克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、750~1125克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、3750~5625克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、500~750克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。可見有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)在配制(zhi)(zhi)選藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)指導作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，能(neng)靈活的(de)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)含(han)量(liang)商品(pin)(pin)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。

    四、應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)。是(shi)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)常有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方。書寫為(wei)(wei)(wei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)萬(wan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)比(bi)(bi)，或百(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)比(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)份(fen)(fen)(fen)數。百(bai)萬(wan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)比(bi)(bi)標(biao)識常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ppm（縮寫符號）、mg/kg（毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/公(gong)斤），及(ji)mg/L（毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/升(sheng)）。百(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)比(bi)(bi)標(biao)識為(wei)(wei)(wei)%（百(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)號）。如(ru)(ru)(ru)1ppm和(he)1mg/kg、1mg/L時(shi)，都通稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)萬(wan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)一有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)。配(pei)(pei)制操作(zuo)就(jiu)是(shi)1公(gong)斤（1升(sheng)）（1000克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)×1000毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)=1000000毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)）水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)溶入有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成分(fen)(fen)(fen)1毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品。如(ru)(ru)(ru)40%某水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)40%的(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)比(bi)(bi)標(biao)識，是(shi)指100份(fen)(fen)(fen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)40份(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成份(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)。百(bai)萬(wan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)比(bi)(bi)和(he)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)比(bi)(bi)之間(jian)可互認(ren)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)40%乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)40%，可為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)400000ppm（百(bai)萬(wan)之四十萬(wan)）。倒(dao)換說(shuo)明是(shi)把(ba)(ba)40%的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)母%擴成百(bai)萬(wan)（1000000=100×10000）再對分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)40，乘以10000等于400000。此(ci)類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方常在田(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)。例如(ru)(ru)(ru)，番茄果(guo)實催(cui)熟推薦(jian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)40%乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)1000ppm，或用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯利(li)(li)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)1克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)涂果(guo)。配(pei)(pei)制操作(zuo)都要換算(suan)。前處的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)制操作(zuo)，先把(ba)(ba)40%乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)1份(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)400000ppm有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)量(liang)，除(chu)以要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)1000ppm，得400（份(fen)(fen)(fen)）。其田(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)催(cui)熟藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)就(jiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)40%乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)400倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)（400000ppm÷400=1000ppm）。后處配(pei)(pei)制操作(zuo)，先把(ba)(ba)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯利(li)(li)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)含(han)量(liang)1克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)換算(suan)成40%乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)1克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)÷40%=2.5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。把(ba)(ba)40%乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)2.5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)投入1升(sheng)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)，其稀釋倍(bei)(bei)數也(ye)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)400倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)。又例，防治黃瓜細菌性(xing)角斑(ban)病，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)100萬(wan)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)單(dan)(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)農用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈(lian)霉素可溶性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)200ppm藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)噴(pen)霧。配(pei)(pei)制換算(suan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)100萬(wan)單(dan)(dan)位除(chu)以200ppm得5000（倍(bei)(bei)）。即施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)200ppm藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)該有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)含(han)量(liang)農用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈(lian)霉素的(de)(de)(de)(de)5000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)。再例，防治蘋果(guo)葉螨(man)(man)類(lei)害蟲，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)噠螨(man)(man)靈農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。制劑(ji)(ji)不同下，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)其有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)50~67mg/kg，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)乳(ru)油(you)其有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)45~50mg/kg。配(pei)(pei)制換算(suan)時(shi)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)20%噠螨(man)(man)靈可濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)時(shi)，知20%有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)200000mg/kg，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)200000÷50~67=4000~3000（倍(bei)(bei)）。田(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)防治配(pei)(pei)制操作(zuo)應(ying)是(shi)1份(fen)(fen)(fen)20%可濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)加4000~3000份(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)。即施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)4000~3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)霧。如(ru)(ru)(ru)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)15%噠螨(man)(man)靈乳(ru)油(you)時(shi)，同理換算(suan)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)應(ying)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3300~3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)霧（150000÷45~50=3300~3000）。

    常用(yong)四種施用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)方(fang)形式(shi)，在(zai)推(tui)薦施用(yong)時必(bi)能(neng)統(tong)一(yi)、必(bi)能(neng)互用(yong)。例(li)如防治(zhi)葡萄霜霉病，用(yong)農藥(yao)(yao)86.2%銅大師(shi)可濕(shi)性粉劑(ji)噴霧(wu)。推(tui)薦藥(yao)(yao)方(fang)有商品(pin)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)水稀釋800~1200倍液(ye)；或每(mei)100升水加86.2%銅大師(shi)可濕(shi)性粉劑(ji)83~125克(ke)；或有效(xiao)濃度718~1077毫(hao)克(ke)/升。此(ci)處所列三個(ge)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)處方(fang)，如果取用(yong)本(ben)文施藥(yao)(yao)配(pei)制操作換(huan)算，除計(ji)算數字稍(shao)有偏離外，田間施用(yong)數量基(ji)本(ben)一(yi)致。

常用(yong)(yong)(yong)四種施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥方(fang)形(xing)(xing)式，在推(tui)薦施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)處方(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)會有“復合”型。例(li)如，防治甘(gan)蘭夜蛾幼蟲(chong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)5%卡死克乳油(you)(you)2000倍液(ye)(ye)，每畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)75升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)藥液(ye)(ye)。再(zai)在藥液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)5%氯氰(qing)菊酯(zhi)乳油(you)(you)20毫升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，配成(cheng)混(hun)藥液(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)。配制操作先(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)稀釋倍數(shu)形(xing)(xing)式，把(ba)5%卡死克乳油(you)(you)配成(cheng)2000倍藥液(ye)(ye)。后(hou)再(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)商品(pin)制劑用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量形(xing)(xing)式，在每畝取用(yong)(yong)(yong)卡死克混(hun)成(cheng)藥液(ye)(ye)75升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，投混(hun)5%氯氰(qing)菊酯(zhi)乳油(you)(you)20毫升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。可(ke)見“復合”型藥方(fang)也(ye)應(ying)分別遵循上述(shu)施(shi)藥配制操作。