據近日各地(di)監測(ce)，草地(di)螟已在內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)、山西、河(he)北(bei)等華(hua)北(bei)大部蟲(chong)(chong)源地(di)始入羽化(hua)盛期，田間(jian)和燈下(xia)蟲(chong)(chong)量較高(gao)；陜(shan)西、新(xin)疆(jiang)、北(bei)京、遼(liao)寧(ning)、黑(hei)龍江、寧(ning)夏等地(di)燈下(xia)也已見蟲(chong)(chong)。今年(nian)草地(di)螟越(yue)冬代成蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)早、燈下(xia)蟲(chong)(chong)量高(gao)、田間(jian)蟲(chong)(chong)量上(shang)升快、發(fa)生(sheng)態勢復雜，加(jia)之越(yue)冬面積大、活繭密度(du)高(gao)，且近期華(hua)北(bei)、東北(bei)等地(di)生(sheng)態條件較為有(you)利(li)，因此，一代幼蟲(chong)(chong)在內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)、河(he)北(bei)、山西、黑(hei)龍江、吉林、遼(liao)寧(ning)、新(xin)疆(jiang)、陜(shan)西、寧(ning)夏等東北(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)和西北(bei)地(di)區發(fa)生(sheng)態勢極其嚴(yan)峻(jun)，預計全國(guo)農(nong)田及其周邊發(fa)生(sheng)面積可達(da)1億(yi)畝以上(shang)，總(zong)體發(fa)生(sheng)為害(hai)程度(du)將(jiang)重于大發(fa)生(sheng)的2004年(nian)。
一、越冬代(dai)成蟲發生(sheng)早
燈下監測，草地(di)(di)螟越冬(dong)代成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)自4月(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)在(zai)內蒙古始(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)起(qi)，陸續在(zai)山西(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)、新(xin)(xin)疆、北(bei)(bei)京、河(he)北(bei)(bei)、遼(liao)寧、黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)、寧夏等地(di)(di)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)蟲(chong)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)常年(nian)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)10-20天；結合田(tian)間(jian)調查，目(mu)前(qian)內蒙古西(xi)(xi)部、山西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)部和河(he)北(bei)(bei)張家口壩下地(di)(di)區(qu)已達盛發(fa)期(qi)。其(qi)中，內蒙古4月(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)于呼(hu)和浩特市(shi)(shi)(shi)和林縣(xian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，各地(di)(di)始(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)期(qi)普遍比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)常年(nian)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)12-20天，目(mu)前(qian)全區(qu)各盟市(shi)(shi)(shi)均已見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)，通遼(liao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)以西(xi)(xi)的10個盟市(shi)(shi)(shi)已始(shi)(shi)(shi)盛，其(qi)中阿拉善盟、鄂爾(er)多斯(si)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、包頭市(shi)(shi)(shi)達盛發(fa)期(qi)。山西(xi)(xi)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)16日(ri)(ri)在(zai)汾陽始(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)常年(nian)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)10天；大(da)同、朔州、忻州三市(shi)(shi)(shi)均普見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)，大(da)同已進入盛發(fa)期(qi)。河(he)北(bei)(bei)康保縣(xian)、萬全縣(xian)和豐寧縣(xian)分(fen)別(bie)于4月(yue)(yue)(yue)30日(ri)(ri)、5月(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)和5月(yue)(yue)(yue)6日(ri)(ri)始(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)常年(nian)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)17-22天。北(bei)(bei)京4月(yue)(yue)(yue)27日(ri)(ri)于順義(yi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)常年(nian)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)約20天，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)最(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)蛾年(nian)份早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)10天，目(mu)前(qian)已在(zai)9區(qu)縣(xian)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)。陜西(xi)(xi)榆林于4月(yue)(yue)(yue)17日(ri)(ri)和20日(ri)(ri)分(fen)別(bie)在(zai)神木縣(xian)和定邊縣(xian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)歷年(nian)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)20天。寧夏5月(yue)(yue)(yue)4日(ri)(ri)于惠農(nong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)歷史最(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的2004年(nian)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)7天。新(xin)(xin)疆4月(yue)(yue)(yue)21日(ri)(ri)在(zai)于田(tian)縣(xian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)去年(nian)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)14天。遼(liao)寧5月(yue)(yue)(yue)7日(ri)(ri)于彰武縣(xian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)去年(nian)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)12天。黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)7日(ri)(ri)于泰來(lai)縣(xian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)常年(nian)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)7天，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)歷史最(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的2008年(nian)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)3天。
二、燈下成(cheng)蟲數量高
自(zi)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬開始(shi)，各地(di)(di)燈下成蟲數量明顯增加，部分地(di)(di)區出現小高(gao)峰(feng)。單燈日誘蛾量最高(gao)值(zhi)，山西原平縣5月(yue)(yue)(yue)1日370頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，北(bei)(bei)京(jing)延慶5月(yue)(yue)(yue)8日360頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，河北(bei)(bei)康保(bao)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)13日710頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，內(nei)蒙古(gu)包頭(tou)(tou)(tou)市土右旗(qi)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)6日315頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。單燈累計(ji)誘蛾量，山西截至5月(yue)(yue)(yue)10日全(quan)省6站共1500頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，比去(qu)年高(gao)40倍(bei)，是近5年來最高(gao)的(de)一年。
三、田間(jian)成蟲數量(liang)上升快
目前內蒙(meng)古西部、山西北部、河(he)北張家口、陜(shan)西榆林、寧(ning)夏(xia)石嘴山等(deng)地(di)田間蛾量(liang)上升快、數量(liang)多(duo)(duo)、面(mian)積(ji)(ji)大，以(yi)農田周邊草灘、苜蓿地(di)、林地(di)和(he)雜草較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)的(de)荒坡(po)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)數量(liang)最高(gao)。百步驚蛾量(liang)，內蒙(meng)古阿(a)拉善盟一(yi)(yi)般2000頭，高(gao)的(de)3000-5000頭；鄂爾多(duo)(duo)斯市(shi)一(yi)(yi)般1000-3000頭，最高(gao)達30000頭以(yi)上；包頭、巴彥淖爾、赤峰(feng)、通遼(liao)部分縣(xian)區一(yi)(yi)般200-500頭，最高(gao)的(de)2000-3000頭。山西大同(tong)檸條地(di)一(yi)(yi)般為20000頭，最高(gao)50000頭以(yi)上；朔州市(shi)一(yi)(yi)般為1000-3000頭，最高(gao)達10000頭；忻州市(shi)一(yi)(yi)般為1000頭，最高(gao)2000頭。河(he)北宣化縣(xian)5000頭以(yi)上，萬全縣(xian)1500-1700頭，懷來縣(xian)200-500頭。陜(shan)西府谷(gu)縣(xian)1500頭；寧(ning)夏(xia)惠農縣(xian)200-400頭。截止5月15日，內蒙(meng)古、山西、河(he)北等(deng)地(di)成蟲發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)達6000萬畝。
四、發生態勢復雜
今年，內(nei)蒙古(gu)(gu)、黑(hei)(hei)龍江(jiang)、河(he)北、山(shan)西(xi)、吉(ji)林、遼寧、新疆(jiang)和(he)陜西(xi)等8省（區）查到草地(di)螟(ming)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬活繭(jian)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬總面(mian)積(ji)達3.48億畝，內(nei)蒙古(gu)(gu)、黑(hei)(hei)龍江(jiang)、河(he)北越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬蟲(chong)繭(jian)量(liang)(liang)是歷史(shi)上(shang)最高(gao)的(de)年份(fen)，陜西(xi)、山(shan)西(xi)是歷史(shi)上(shang)次(ci)(ci)(ci)高(gao)的(de)年份(fen)，吉(ji)林、遼寧和(he)新疆(jiang)為(wei)(wei)首次(ci)(ci)(ci)見蟲(chong)繭(jian)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬面(mian)積(ji)和(he)蟲(chong)繭(jian)密度(du)為(wei)(wei)歷史(shi)罕(han)見。目前，內(nei)蒙古(gu)(gu)西(xi)部、山(shan)西(xi)和(he)河(he)北北部等地(di)羽化蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)僅為(wei)(wei)總蟲(chong)源量(liang)(liang)的(de)10%，雌蛾卵巢發(fa)育多為(wei)(wei)低(di)級(ji)別，其他(ta)蟲(chong)源區處于蛹(yong)期；預(yu)計大(da)部地(di)區成蟲(chong)羽化盛期為(wei)(wei)5月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)至6月(yue)初(chu)（其后5-7天為(wei)(wei)產(chan)(chan)卵盛期）。由于越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬地(di)經度(du)和(he)緯度(du)廣(guang)、海(hai)拔高(gao)度(du)差異大(da)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬代蟲(chong)蛹(yong)則會(hui)從(cong)西(xi)向東、從(cong)南向北、從(cong)低(di)海(hai)拔至高(gao)海(hai)拔多時段、多批次(ci)(ci)(ci)地(di)羽化，且不排除有(you)大(da)量(liang)(liang)境外蟲(chong)源遷(qian)入(ru)的(de)可能，草地(di)螟(ming)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)將(jiang)呈現歷期長、峰次(ci)(ci)(ci)多、蟲(chong)態(tai)重(zhong)疊等特(te)點；另外，未(wei)來溫度(du)、濕度(du)和(he)風(feng)場等天氣條件對草地(di)螟(ming)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)區的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境、成蟲(chong)的(de)發(fa)育狀態(tai)及蟲(chong)源交(jiao)流（遷(qian)入(ru)遷(qian)出(chu)）產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)大(da)影響，將(jiang)導致幼蟲(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)害區域(yu)和(he)程度(du)出(chu)現較(jiao)大(da)變(bian)化。
鑒(jian)于今年草(cao)地(di)(di)螟(ming)發生呈以上特點，望各(ge)地(di)(di)植保部門加(jia)大監測范(fan)圍(wei)和調查頻度，尤其(qi)是注意(yi)農田(tian)周邊草(cao)灘(tan)、林(lin)地(di)(di)等生境的(de)調查，密切(qie)做好草(cao)地(di)(di)螟(ming)發生動(dong)態監測，認真做好雌蛾卵巢(chao)發育級(ji)別和田(tian)間卵、蟲(chong)量調查，及(ji)時做好中(zhong)、短期(qi)(qi)預報，指(zhi)導(dao)農民(min)科學防治(zhi)，爭取(qu)將危害控制在低齡幼蟲(chong)期(qi)(qi)和遷(qian)入農田(tian)之前。
來源：病蟲害測報處
