隨著(zhu)氣溫的(de)下降,農(nong)(nong)膜市場逐漸升溫。雖然我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)膜產量(liang)已位居全球首位,發展(zhan)前景看好,但市場經營秩序混亂、不規范等癥結正在(zai)嚴重(zhong)制約全行業的(de)健康(kang)發展(zhan),規范農(nong)(nong)膜市場時不我(wo)待。農(nong)(nong)膜市場不良秩序主要體現在(zai)四個方面:
一是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)數(shu)量(liang)多、規(gui)模小、市場競爭力(li)弱。目前,我國農膜(mo)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)有近千(qian)家(jia)生(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye),總生(sheng)產(chan)能力(li)達到了300萬噸,規(gui)模企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)年(nian)產(chan)量(liang)超過(guo)100萬噸,但具有年(nian)產(chan)3000噸以(yi)上生(sheng)產(chan)規(gui)模的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)不足200家(jia),低水(shui)平(ping)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)狀態使(shi)農膜(mo)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)整(zheng)體利潤水(shui)平(ping)在1%以(yi)下。
二是農(nong)膜銷(xiao)售(shou)市(shi)場秩(zhi)序混亂,生產(chan)經營無(wu)序競爭(zheng)。眼下,由于農(nong)膜市(shi)場供(gong)大于求,一些新(xin)進入農(nong)膜行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)小企業(ye)為擠占銷(xiao)售(shou)市(shi)場,采取不正當競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)方(fang)式和“坑農(nong)”的(de)(de)手段,以劣質農(nong)膜冒充優(you)質農(nong)膜,采用極(ji)低(di)的(de)(de)銷(xiao)售(shou)價(jia)格沖擊市(shi)場,嚴(yan)重損害了(le)農(nong)民利(li)益。有的(de)(de)企業(ye)使用國(guo)(guo)外進口的(de)(de)聚乙(yi)烯廢料,加工生產(chan)劣質農(nong)膜低(di)價(jia)銷(xiao)售(shou),擾(rao)亂市(shi)場,使國(guo)(guo)內(nei)一些大中型企業(ye)陷入困境。
三是農膜(mo)(mo)原料價格不穩定,企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)成本增加,盈利困難。農膜(mo)(mo)屬于季節(jie)性(xing)銷售(shou)(shou)產(chan)品,企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)的特點(dian)是短(duan)時間、大批量、銷售(shou)(shou)區域(yu)廣,近來生產(chan)農膜(mo)(mo)用(yong)化(hua)工原料暴漲,導致農膜(mo)(mo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)資金占用(yong)量大,流動資金緊(jin)張,生產(chan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)不堪重負(fu),難以(yi)維持正(zheng)常生產(chan),挫傷了企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)積極(ji)性(xing),影響了行業(ye)(ye)和企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的正(zheng)常發展。
四是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)膜(mo)經(jing)(jing)營銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)不(bu)規范。目前,我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營主要集中在縣一(yi)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商,經(jing)(jing)營人(ren)數(shu)約占全國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)膜(mo)經(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商的(de)(de)(de)(de)80%以上,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)膜(mo)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)約占全國銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)75%。由于經(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商的(de)(de)(de)(de)資金狀況、銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)能力(li)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業技(ji)術水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異,普遍存在相互壓(ya)價、以次充好、售(shou)后技(ji)術服務(wu)跟(gen)不(bu)上等現象(xiang),這也給一(yi)些不(bu)正(zheng)規的(de)(de)(de)(de)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)產企業提供可滋生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土壤(rang)和環境。部分小的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)膜(mo)經(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商和生(sheng)(sheng)產企業缺斤短兩、以次充好,坑(keng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)害(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)現象(xiang)時(shi)有發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),嚴重損害(hai)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)利(li)益,導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)對地膜(mo)覆蓋技(ji)術熱情降低,同時(shi)也嚴重影響了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)膜(mo)行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常生(sheng)(sheng)產經(jing)(jing)營。
面對(dui)當前存在的(de)問題,一(yi)方面,應積極推進國(guo)(guo)家《農(nong)膜(mo)行(xing)業(ye)準入(ru)管理辦(ban)法》的(de)盡快(kuai)出臺,規范企(qi)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營(ying)銷(xiao)售(shou),保(bao)證(zheng)農(nong)膜(mo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量和(he)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)穩(wen)定(ding),建(jian)議將農(nong)膜(mo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品列入(ru)國(guo)(guo)家實(shi)行(xing)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)許可證(zheng)的(de)工業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品目錄,避(bi)免無序市(shi)(shi)場競爭(zheng)(zheng),從(cong)而規范原(yuan)材料(liao)采購和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品銷(xiao)售(shou)各個環(huan)節,便(bian)于稅收監管,避(bi)免稅收流失;另(ling)一(yi)方面,進一(yi)步加強(qiang)對(dui)農(nong)膜(mo)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)整頓(dun),加大(da)對(dui)不法商販和(he)假冒偽(wei)劣農(nong)膜(mo)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)檢查打(da)擊(ji)力度(du),為正規農(nong)膜(mo)企(qi)業(ye)營(ying)造(zao)規范、有序、公平的(de)競爭(zheng)(zheng)環(huan)境。此外,政府要和(he)企(qi)業(ye)聯(lian)手,積極推進實(shi)施大(da)集(ji)團(tuan)戰略,支持優勢企(qi)業(ye)跨(kua)地(di)區(qu)重組,強(qiang)強(qiang)聯(lian)合,促(cu)進行(xing)業(ye)結構調整及和(he)諧穩(wen)定(ding),改變行(xing)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)小、散、亂(luan)、差的(de)現狀,培(pei)育大(da)企(qi)業(ye)集(ji)團(tuan),提高行(xing)業(ye)的(de)整體(ti)市(shi)(shi)場競爭(zheng)(zheng)力,使我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)膜(mo)走向(xiang)世界(jie)。