今年是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)市場監管(guan)年，繼(ji)4月份國(guo)務(wu)院多(duo)個部(bu)門聯(lian)合下發(fa)《關于打擊違法制售禁限用高毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)規范農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用行為(wei)的通知》后，7月底農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)《關于進一步加(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)管(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)的意見》正式(shi)出臺，矛頭直指高毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘留。
該意見不僅(jin)提(ti)出(chu)逐漸限制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)淘汰高(gao)毒(du)農(nong)藥的生產與(yu)應用，強化(hua)經營流(liu)通環節監管，鼓勵和(he)引導(dao)農(nong)民使用高(gao)效安全(quan)替(ti)代品種外；加快研(yan)究(jiu)制(zhi)(zhi)定高(gao)毒(du)農(nong)藥登記管理(li)政策，逐步限制(zhi)(zhi)或淘汰高(gao)毒(du)農(nong)藥的使用；還(huan)將(jiang)全(quan)面清理(li)現行的農(nong)藥殘留(liu)標準，加快新標準的及(ji)其配套(tao)檢測方法、檢驗(yan)規程制(zhi)(zhi)訂與(yu)實施。
高毒農(nong)藥(yao)涉及品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)不僅是(shi)2008年禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)的甲(jia)胺磷、對硫(liu)磷、甲(jia)基對硫(liu)磷、久效磷、磷胺等高毒農(nong)藥(yao)，結(jie)合國外發達國家和地區農(nong)藥(yao)禁(jin)限用(yong)(yong)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)及國內生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)應用(yong)(yong)情況，預計(ji)未來將(jiang)有更(geng)多(duo)農(nong)藥(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)將(jiang)會(hui)提到議事(shi)日程(cheng)上來，即便是(shi)效果較好用(yong)(yong)途(tu)獨(du)特的部分高毒品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)如氧(yang)化樂果、克百威(wei)(wei)、涕滅威(wei)(wei)、滅多(duo)威(wei)(wei)等也將(jiang)加快替代品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的開發、生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)應用(yong)(yong)。
歷史經驗告訴我們，每次農藥禁限用都是農藥工業發展(zhan)再(zai)上一(yi)個臺階的(de)(de)契機(ji)，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)給許多農藥品種(zhong)帶來良好(hao)市場(chang)機(ji)遇和需(xu)求(qiu)空(kong)間，目前禁限用農藥主要集中(zhong)在殺蟲(chong)殺螨劑領域(yu)，因此部(bu)分(fen)殺蟲(chong)劑品種(zhong)將(jiang)迎來發展(zhan)機(ji)遇，這些(xie)品種(zhong)不僅包括現有部(bu)分(fen)主流高(gao)效殺蟲(chong)劑品種(zhong)，而且一(yi)些(xie)新型剛進入市場(chang)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)更具(ju)有巨大(da)的(de)(de)市場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)潛(qian)力。
有機磷(lin)(lin)類殺蟲劑：毒(du)死(si)蜱、丙溴磷(lin)(lin)、二嗪磷(lin)(lin)、辛硫磷(lin)(lin)、馬拉硫磷(lin)(lin)等，其中主(zhu)要品(pin)種為(wei)毒(du)死(si)蜱，目(mu)前(qian)制(zhi)約(yue)國內毒(du)死(si)蜱生產與發展最大瓶頸(jing)不(bu)是產能過(guo)剩而是其專用中間體(ti)三氯吡(bi)啶(ding)(ding)醇鈉(na)合成過(guo)程中大量難以治理的含(han)鹽(yan)廢水(shui)(shui)，因此未來重點開發四(si)氯吡(bi)啶(ding)(ding)水(shui)(shui)解酸化路線合成三氯吡(bi)啶(ding)(ding)醇鈉(na)。
煙堿類殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑：吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)、啶(ding)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)脒(mi)、烯(xi)啶(ding)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)、氯(lv)噻啉(lin)、噻蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)、噻蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)嗪(qin)、噻蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)、呋(fu)(fu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)等，目前(qian)吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)、啶(ding)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)脒(mi)、烯(xi)啶(ding)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)國(guo)內已經(jing)(jing)大(da)量(liang)生(sheng)產，其中許多病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)對(dui)主(zhu)流品(pin)種吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)具有一定的抗性。未來啶(ding)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)脒(mi)、烯(xi)啶(ding)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)市場需求會(hui)不斷增加，新品(pin)種中噻蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)嗪(qin)和呋(fu)(fu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)前(qian)景(jing)較為看好(hao)，目前(qian)國(guo)內水稻用殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑主(zhu)要(yao)品(pin)種之一的福(fu)戈(ge)就是噻蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)嗪(qin)與(yu)氯(lv)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)苯(ben)甲酰胺(an)(an)(an)(an)混配品(pin)種；呋(fu)(fu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)中間(jian)體鄰苯(ben)二(er)甲酰異脲與(yu)3-四氫(qing)呋(fu)(fu)喃甲胺(an)(an)(an)(an)近期國(guo)內工業(ye)化技術已經(jing)(jing)成熟(shu)并(bing)建有工業(ye)化規模裝(zhuang)置。
擬除(chu)蟲菊(ju)酯類殺(sha)蟲劑：氰戊菊(ju)酯、聯苯菊(ju)酯、高(gao)效(xiao)氯(lv)氟(fu)(fu)氰菊(ju)酯等，近年來國外開(kai)發的環丙(bing)基結構菊(ju)酯化合物、烴菊(ju)酯、二氟(fu)(fu)環丙(bing)基類似物、NRDC200、拜耳公(gong)司開(kai)發的對白蟻有專效(xiao)的氟(fu)(fu)酯菊(ju)酯等值得關(guan)注。
生物(wu)(wu)源農藥(yao)(yao)：阿(a)(a)維(wei)(wei)菌(jun)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)、甲氨(an)基阿(a)(a)維(wei)(wei)菌(jun)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)、瀏陽霉素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)等，此外阿(a)(a)維(wei)(wei)菌(jun)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)衍(yan)生物(wu)(wu)伊維(wei)(wei)菌(jun)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)、乙(yi)酰(xian)基阿(a)(a)維(wei)(wei)菌(jun)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)、彌拜菌(jun)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)及印楝素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)、魚藤酮、蛇床子素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)、苦參堿等植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)源農藥(yao)(yao)具有較好(hao)市場前景。
苯甲(jia)酰脲(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)殺蟲(chong)劑：氟鈴脲(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、氟啶脲(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、氟蟲(chong)脲(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、啶蜱脲(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、氟酰脲(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、氟螨脲(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)等。國內(nei)多有(you)研究(jiu)與(yu)生(sheng)產，今(jin)后重(zhong)點要(yao)強化其通用(yong)中間(jian)體2,6-二氟苯甲(jia)酰胺的工藝優化，尤(you)其是合(he)成原(yuan)料選擇的優化，進(jin)一步(bu)降低生(sheng)產成本。
進口(kou)(kou)(kou)品(pin)種(zhong)：部(bu)分進口(kou)(kou)(kou)殺蟲(chong)劑市場需求(qiu)較好，如(ru)今年上半年原藥和制劑進口(kou)(kou)(kou)量分別(bie)高居進口(kou)(kou)(kou)榜首的氟(fu)蟲(chong)雙(shuang)酰胺(an)和氯(lv)蟲(chong)苯甲(jia)酰胺(an)，吡咯類殺蟲(chong)劑溴蟲(chong)腈、新型特(te)窗酸類殺蟲(chong)劑螺(luo)蟲(chong)乙(yi)酯、含三氟(fu)甲(jia)基(ji)噁二嗪類殺蟲(chong)劑茚蟲(chong)威等。
