時下，隨著農產品農藥殘留超標事(shi)件的(de)(de)發生，老百姓要求禁用高毒(du)農(nong)藥，大力推廣安全、低(di)毒(du)農(nong)藥和(he)生物農(nong)藥的(de)(de)呼聲強烈。那么(me)生物農(nong)藥到底在(zai)我國處(chu)于什么(me)樣(yang)的(de)(de)發展現(xian)狀?經(jing)過多年“叫好(hao)不(bu)叫座”的(de)(de)沉寂，生物農(nong)藥發展的(de)(de)“春(chun)天”是否來臨?帶著這些問題，筆者走訪了相關(guan)專家和(he)管(guan)理部(bu)門。
華南農(nong)(nong)業(ye)大(da)學(xue)華南植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)性農(nong)(nong)藥研究(jiu)中(zhong)心副教(jiao)授黃繼光介(jie)紹說，我們現在(zai)(zai)通(tong)常(chang)所說的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥主要包括生(sheng)物(wu)化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥、微生(sheng)物(wu)源(yuan)、植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)源(yuan)、天(tian)敵生(sheng)物(wu)和抗病蟲草害(hai)的(de)轉基因植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)等。生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥的(de)自然降解，使(shi)得其在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)產品中(zhong)的(de)殘(can)留量(liang)普遍較(jiao)低，“所以施用生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥種植(zhi)(zhi)出來的(de)農(nong)(nong)產品幾乎(hu)無污染(ran)、無殘(can)留”。
另據(ju)筆者了解，受市場和(he)政策雙(shuang)重影(ying)響，目前(qian)我(wo)國生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)業(ye)進(jin)入加速(su)發展時期。從政策層面(mian)，在(zai)(zai)禁用(yong)甲(jia)胺磷等5種(zhong)高(gao)(gao)毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)后(hou)，目前(qian)國家有(you)關部(bu)(bu)門(men)正在(zai)(zai)醞釀(niang)逐步淘汰(tai)(tai)和(he)禁用(yong)現有(you)高(gao)(gao)毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)工(gong)作方案(an)。前(qian)不久，工(gong)信部(bu)(bu)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)、環保部(bu)(bu)、國家質(zhi)檢總局四部(bu)(bu)門(men)聯合發布(bu)的(de) 《農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)業(ye)政策》中，也明確提出要加快高(gao)(gao)安全、低風(feng)險產(chan)品(pin)和(he)應(ying)用(yong)技(ji)術的(de)研究，逐步限制、淘汰(tai)(tai)高(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)污染、高(gao)(gao)環境(jing)風(feng)險的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)工(gong)藝技(ji)術；鼓(gu)勵發展用(yong)于(yu)小(xiao)宗作物的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)用(yong)于(yu)非農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)領導的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)新產(chan)品(pin)。在(zai)(zai)市場層面(mian)，生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)蔬菜(cai)、水(shui)果優(you)勢產(chan)區也逐漸(jian)占據(ju)重要份額，在(zai)(zai)病蟲害綜合防(fang)治中的(de)作用(yong)愈來(lai)愈突(tu)出。
農(nong)業部(bu)農(nong)藥(yao)檢定(ding)所所長(chang)張延(yan)秋介紹，目(mu)前(qian)農(nong)業部(bu)正在(zai)著手制定(ding)鼓勵生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)登記(ji)的(de)政策，并在(zai)上海、山(shan)東等8省（市）部(bu)分縣（市）啟動低(di)毒和生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)補(bu)(bu)貼試點(dian)工作，探索不同的(de)補(bu)(bu)貼方式和運行機制，為爭(zheng)取更大規模(mo)補(bu)(bu)貼資金(jin)積累經驗，國家發改(gai)委(wei)、科技部(bu)也(ye)增加了對生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)研(yan)發、生(sheng)產的(de)專項支(zhi)持力(li)度。政府引(yin)導、社會推動和企業努(nu)力(li)，我國生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)產業將很(hen)快迎來發展的(de)“春天”。
