“前年這個時候,每袋(50公斤)尿素105元,去年115元,現在漲到128元了。”在建湖縣九龍鎮上開了一家農資經營店的卞金標說,“不光尿素,各地生產的復合肥和農藥都漲(zhang)價了(le),與去年相比,至少漲(zhang)了(le)10%。”
57歲的(de)潘志清是建(jian)湖縣恒濟鎮(zhen)薔薇村農民,種了(le)(le)12畝糧食。他說(shuo),“今(jin)年農資價(jia)(jia)格都漲了(le)(le),加上(shang)油價(jia)(jia)高了(le)(le),機(ji)耕費(fei)、收割(ge)費(fei)也會上(shang)漲,合起來,每畝增加的(de)農本(ben)至少多出100元,相當(dang)于(yu)國(guo)家發的(de)糧食直補的(de)錢。”
據省蘇農集團有關負責人介紹:目前我省尿素銷售均價為每噸2180-2230元,比去年同期銷售價2090元上漲約5.5%;45%含量的氯基復合肥銷售價每噸2550-2600元,比去年同期2370-2400元上漲約8%;國產60%含量鉀肥銷售價每噸3080-3110元,比去年同期2860-2900元上漲約7.5%;進口鉀肥銷售均價每噸3000-3030元,比去年同期2900元左右上漲4%。農資價格之所以全面上漲,緣于原材料價格的上升。目前生產氮肥用的無煙煤進價每噸1600-1700元,比去年同期1420-1500元上漲13.0%;生產磷肥用(yong)(yong)的(de)硫磺目前市(shi)場價(jia)每噸(dun)1690元(yuan)左(zuo)右,比(bi)去年(nian)同期1320元(yuan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)漲28.0%;去年(nian)12月1日上(shang)(shang)(shang)調銷售電價(jia)每度3分錢,也導(dao)致尿素成本每噸(dun)增(zeng)加35-40元(yuan)。同時,農資(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye)(ye)資(zi)金成本上(shang)(shang)(shang)升也推導(dao)至終端價(jia)格。去年(nian)以來(lai),多數銀行上(shang)(shang)(shang)浮(fu)貸款(kuan)利(li)率(lv),而且(qie)貸款(kuan)附加條(tiao)件給企業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)加的(de)成本遠超(chao)過利(li)率(lv)上(shang)(shang)(shang)調的(de)費(fei)用(yong)(yong),這對(dui)資(zi)金需求比(bi)較大的(de)農資(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)流通(tong)企業(ye)(ye)帶來(lai)巨大挑戰。此外,目前生(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye)(ye)普遍上(shang)(shang)(shang)調了職工工資(zi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)調幅度在20-30%。還(huan)有,受油價(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)漲影響(xiang),去年(nian)第四季度以來(lai),公路(lu)運費(fei)同比(bi)增(zeng)加20%左(zuo)右,水路(lu)運費(fei)增(zeng)加10%以上(shang)(shang)(shang)。這些因素都直接影響(xiang)到廠家的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)成本和(he)經銷商的(de)經銷成本,預(yu)計后期農資(zi)市(shi)場價(jia)格還(huan)是以高位運行為(wei)主(zhu)。
農(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價格上漲這(zhe)么快,無疑會影響農(nong)(nong)民的種糧(liang)積極性,并消釋國家推出的惠農(nong)(nong)政策(ce)。蘇(su)州農(nong)(nong)民朱偉琪種了(le)(le)4812畝糧(liang)食,他(ta)無奈地(di)說,2010年他(ta)在農(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)這(zhe)一塊共(gong)花費90萬元,去年花掉120萬元,今年看來起碼得花140萬元了(le)(le)。“近幾年農(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價格的上漲幅度大大超過糧(liang)食最低(di)收(shou)購價的提高幅度,這(zhe)一來,差不(bu)多就抵消了(le)(le)糧(liang)食最低(di)收(shou)購價上調帶給農(nong)(nong)民的好處了(le)(le)。”
省農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)委(wei)有(you)(you)(you)關負責人告訴記者,種(zhong)糧食的比(bi)較效益本(ben)來就不(bu)能與(yu)種(zhong)植(zhi)其他經濟作物(wu)比(bi),如果因(yin)生(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)大幅度上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)不(bu)僅(jin)不(bu)能增收(shou),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)可能減收(shou),那(nei)么農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)就會(hui)轉而(er)種(zhong)植(zhi)其他作物(wu),甚至讓土(tu)地(di)拋荒,這樣一來就會(hui)危及(ji)我(wo)國的糧食安全。“當前正(zheng)是春耕生(sheng)產(chan)的關鍵(jian)時期(qi),因(yin)此(ci)有(you)(you)(you)必(bi)(bi)要采取切實措(cuo)施抑(yi)制農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)大幅上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang),尤其必(bi)(bi)須(xu)防止生(sheng)產(chan)廠家、經銷商屯(tun)積居奇、漫天要價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),損害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)利益。”這位人士(shi)還(huan)認(ren)為(wei),鑒于石油、電力、運輸價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)一直在上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang),客觀上(shang)(shang)造(zao)成(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)提高(gao),因(yin)此(ci)有(you)(you)(you)必(bi)(bi)要迅速研究(jiu)啟動生(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)與(yu)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)補(bu)貼的聯動機(ji)制了,“不(bu)能讓國家惠(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)政(zheng)策被農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)漲(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)蠶(can)食了,不(bu)能讓種(zhong)糧農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)吃虧了!”