科學施肥技術指導意見是農業部測土配方施肥技術專家組根據夏季主要農作物需肥特點，以測土配方施肥項目成果為主要依據研究制定的。它針對長江中下游和華南地區雙季晚稻、黃淮海地區夏玉(yu)米(mi)、北(bei)方馬鈴薯以及香蕉、蔬菜等夏季主(zhu)要(yao)作物分類提(ti)出了施肥(fei)原則，并結合不(bu)同區域的土壤特點、不(bu)同作物的種植模式和目標產(chan)量，分區域、分品種提(ti)出了相應(ying)的施肥(fei)數(shu)量、比例及注(zhu)意事項(xiang)。
農(nong)業部測(ce)土(tu)配方施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)術專家組建議，各地要圍繞“促增產(chan)、提效率、保(bao)安全”三大目(mu)標，堅持增產(chan)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、經濟施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、環保(bao)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，將科學(xue)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與地力培肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)相結(jie)合(he)，與高產(chan)優(you)質栽培技(ji)術相結(jie)合(he)，與機械化作業相結(jie)合(he)，因地制宜推廣深松耕、秸稈還(huan)田、土(tu)壤改(gai)良、施(shi)用(yong)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)技(ji)術，合(he)理(li)運籌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)管(guan)理(li)，指導農(nong)民逐步實現施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)數量(liang)準確、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)結(jie)構合(he)理(li)、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時期適宜、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法得當，不斷提高肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料利用(yong)率。
農業部測土配方施肥技術專家組
結合夏季(ji)主要(yao)農作(zuo)物(wu)需肥(fei)(fei)(fei)特點，農業部測土(tu)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)術(shu)專家組(zu)運(yun)用(yong)測土(tu)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)項目(mu)成(cheng)果，研究制(zhi)定了《2012年(nian)夏季(ji)主要(yao)作(zuo)物(wu)科學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)術(shu)指(zhi)導意見》，指(zhi)導各(ge)地(di)因地(di)制(zhi)宜(yi)確定不(bu)同區(qu)域、不(bu)同作(zuo)物(wu)經(jing)濟合理施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量，優化施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)時期(qi)，采用(yong)科學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法，提高肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)利用(yong)率(lv)。
長江中下游雙季晚稻科學施肥技術指導意見
1.施肥原則
(1)氮肥(fei)(fei)總量控制(zhi)，分期施用，適當(dang)減(jian)少基肥(fei)(fei)、增(zeng)加分蘗肥(fei)(fei)和穗肥(fei)(fei)。
(2)基肥深施，追肥“以水帶氮”。(3)實施秸稈還田，增施有機肥料。(4)針對土壤鉀素狀況，高效施用鉀肥；注意鋅、硼和硅肥的(de)配(pei)合施(shi)用(yong)。
2.施肥量及比例
(1)目標產量在500公斤/畝以上的田塊，施用氮肥(N)12～14公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)4～5公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(K2O)5～7公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)；目標(biao)產量為400～500公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)的田(tian)塊(kuai)，施(shi)用氮肥(fei)(N)10～12公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(P2O5)3～4公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(K2O)4～6公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)；目標(biao)產量在400公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)以下的田(tian)塊(kuai)，施(shi)用氮肥(fei)(N)8～10公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(P2O52～3公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(K2O)2～3公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)。
(2)將氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)總量的40%～50%作(zuo)(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，20%～30%作(zuo)(zuo)分蘗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，30%作(zuo)(zuo)穗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)；將磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全部作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)；一(yi)般(ban)情況下，將鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全部作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)，但(dan)目標產量在500公斤/畝以上的田塊，將鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的70%作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，30%作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)穗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)。
(3)在常年實施秸稈還田(tian)的田(tian)塊，可適當減(jian)少(shao)鉀肥用(yong)量。在缺鋅、缺硼(peng)田(tian)塊上，每畝(mu)分別補施硫酸鋅和硼(peng)砂各1公斤，鋅肥與磷肥分開施用(yong)。適當施用(yong)硅肥，一般(ban)每畝(mu)施用(yong)10公斤左右。
3.注意事項
(1)實施秸稈還田(tian)。早稻(dao)收獲(huo)后(hou)，稻(dao)草(cao)全部原位直接均勻撒(sa)鋪(pu)，同(tong)時施用底肥與秸稈腐熟劑后(hou)，立即灌水(shui)泡田(tian)5～7天(tian)，免耕(geng)拋秧或用旋耕(geng)機旋耕(geng)整田(tian)栽插晚稻(dao)，每(mei)畝稻(dao)草(cao)還田(tian)量為300～400公斤。
(2)改良酸性(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)。在土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH≤5.5的田塊(kuai)，配合施(shi)用石灰(hui)或堿性(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)調理(li)劑，一般畝施(shi)石灰(hui)50～70公斤。 (3)增加(jia)耕層厚度。在耕層較薄(bo)的田塊(kuai)，采取深耕措施(shi)，打破(po)犁底層。在過(guo)于肥沃的田塊(kuai)或潛育化(hua)嚴重的田塊(kuai)，采取壟作栽培(pei)措施(shi)，增加(jia)有效耕作層，協調水(shui)肥氣熱，促進(jin)水(shui)稻(dao)生長。
黃淮海地區夏玉米科學施肥技術指導意見
1.施肥原則
(1)采(cai)取(qu)氮肥總(zong)量控(kong)制、分期(qi)量調控(kong)的措施。
(2)根據(ju)土壤(rang)鉀素狀況(kuang)，合理施用(yong)鉀肥。注意鋅、硼等微量元素配合施用(yong)。
(3)實施秸(jie)稈還田，培肥地力。
(4)與高產優質栽培技術相結合，實施化肥深施。
2.施肥量及比例
(1)目(mu)標產量(liang)(liang)在(zai)800公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)以上(shang)的田塊(kuai)，施用氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)推(tui)薦(jian)(jian)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)16～18公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)6～8公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)5～8公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，硫(liu)酸(suan)鋅1～2公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。目(mu)標產量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)600～800公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)的田塊(kuai)，施用氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)推(tui)薦(jian)(jian)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)14～16公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)4～6公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)4～7公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，硫(liu)酸(suan)鋅1～2公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。目(mu)標產量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)400～600公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)的田塊(kuai)，施用氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)推(tui)薦(jian)(jian)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)12～14公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)3～5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)0～5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，硫(liu)酸(suan)鋅1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。目(mu)標產量(liang)(liang)在(zai)400公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)以下(xia)的田塊(kuai)，施用氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)推(tui)薦(jian)(jian)10～12公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)2～3公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)0～3公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。
(2)將氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)總量的30%～50%作基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或苗期(qi)(qi)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，50%～70%作為大喇叭口(kou)期(qi)(qi)和灌漿期(qi)(qi)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。一般在總氮(dan)(N)每畝用(yong)量超過14公斤時，分兩次追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，但(dan)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)量較低時只(zhi)在大喇叭口(kou)期(qi)(qi)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)；磷(lin)、鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和鋅(xin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全(quan)部(bu)作為基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)，鋅(xin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)分開施(shi)用(yong)。在前茬作物施(shi)磷(lin)較多或土壤速效磷(lin)豐(feng)富的田塊，適當(dang)減(jian)少磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)量。
3.注意事項 在小麥秸(jie)稈(gan)還(huan)田后直接播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)的地塊，應注意避免秸(jie)稈(gan)覆蓋播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)行(xing)，防止影響玉米(mi)出苗和(he)幼苗生長。如果是還(huan)田秸(jie)稈(gan)翻(fan)壓后播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)，可(ke)采取旋耕(geng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)機一次完(wan)成秸(jie)稈(gan)翻(fan)壓還(huan)田和(he)玉米(mi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)。
北方馬鈴薯科學施肥技術指導意見
1.施肥原則
(1)增施(shi)有機(ji)(ji)肥，實行有機(ji)(ji)無(wu)機(ji)(ji)配合施(shi)用。
(2)根據土(tu)壤肥(fei)力狀況，可適當調減氮肥(fei)用量。
(3)氮肥、鉀肥分(fen)期(qi)施用，適當(dang)增加馬鈴薯(shu)生(sheng)長中期(qi)的施用比例和用量。
(4)北方旱(han)區馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯的肥料施(shi)用(yong)應與(yu)灌溉技術(shu)和(he)綜合(he)(he)栽培技術(shu)相結(jie)合(he)(he)。
2.施肥量及比例
(1)采(cai)用噴灌或(huo)常規灌溉方(fang)式，馬鈴薯塊(kuai)(kuai)莖目標產量為2000～2500公(gong)斤/畝(mu)的地塊(kuai)(kuai)，畝(mu)施有機肥(fei)(農家肥(fei))2000公(gong)斤，施用氮肥(fei)(N)15～18公(gong)斤，磷肥(fei)(P2O5)6～8公(gong)斤，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(K2O)15～18公(gong)斤。
(2)采(cai)用(yong)滴灌方式(shi)，馬鈴薯塊(kuai)莖目標(biao)產量為2000～2500公斤/畝(mu)的地(di)塊(kuai)，畝(mu)施有機肥(fei)(農家(jia)肥(fei))2000公斤，施用(yong)氮肥(fei)(N)13～15公斤，磷肥(fei)(P2O5)5～6公斤，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(K2O)12～15公斤。
(3)無灌溉條件的地塊(kuai)(kuai)，馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯塊(kuai)(kuai)莖(jing)目標產量為1000公斤/畝的地塊(kuai)(kuai)，施用氮肥(N)7～8公斤，磷肥(P2O5)3～4公斤，鉀(jia)肥(K2O)6～8公斤。
(4)采用(yong)噴灌和常規(gui)灌溉方(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)地塊(kuai)，氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)30%用(yong)做種(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，60%在馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)現蕾期(qi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)，10%在盛花期(qi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)；磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全部(bu)用(yong)做種(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)；鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全部(bu)用(yong)做基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或者(zhe)基(ji)追(現蕾期(qi))各(ge)50%。采用(yong)滴灌技術(shu)的(de)(de)地塊(kuai)，氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)10%在苗(miao)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)，80%在現蕾到盛花期(qi)分次施(shi)(shi)用(yong)，10%在盛花末期(qi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)；磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全部(bu)用(yong)做種(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)；鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)可分次施(shi)(shi)用(yong)，與氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)時間相比，適當后移。采取水肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一體化方(fang)式(shi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)，溶解(jie)性要好，忌用(yong)含(han)氯(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)品種(zhong)。
香蕉科學施肥技術指導意見
1.施(shi)(shi)肥原(yuan)則 (1)采取勤施(shi)(shi)薄施(shi)(shi)、重(zhong)點時期重(zhong)點施(shi)(shi)肥方式。
(2)氮肥、磷(lin)肥、鉀肥配合施用。在香蕉(jiao)生長(chang)的后半(ban)時期，應重施鉀肥并控制(zhi)氮素供應。
(3)在(zai)施(shi)肥(fei)時(shi)期上，區(qu)別(bie)對待新、老香蕉(jiao)園。在(zai)新植香蕉(jiao)園，以施(shi)用促苗肥(fei)、攻(gong)蕾(lei)肥(fei)、促蕾(lei)肥(fei)和(he)壯(zhuang)果肥(fei)為主；在(zai)宿根香蕉(jiao)園，重點施(shi)用攻(gong)芽肥(fei)、攻(gong)蕾(lei)肥(fei)、促蕾(lei)肥(fei)和(he)壯(zhuang)果肥(fei)。
(4)采用灌溉施肥(fei)技術(shu)，可酌情減少(shao)肥(fei)料投入量(liang)的30%。
(5)增(zeng)施(shi)葉(xie)面肥，以滿足香(xiang)蕉(jiao)對中微(wei)量(liang)營養(yang)元素的需求。施(shi)用石灰(hui)，調節土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)酸(suan)堿度，補充土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)鈣(gai)營養(yang)，殺滅有害菌。
2.施肥量及比例
(1)目(mu)標(biao)產(chan)量(liang)在5000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝以上的(de)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)園(yuan)，畝施用(yong)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)3～5方(fang)，氮(dan)肥(fei)(N)45～55公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷肥(fei)(P2O5)17～25公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(K2O)90～110公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。目(mu)標(biao)產(chan)量(liang)為3000～5000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝的(de)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)園(yuan)，畝施用(yong)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)3方(fang)/畝，氮(dan)肥(fei)(N)30～45公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷肥(fei)(P2O5)8～15公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(K2O)60～90公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。目(mu)標(biao)產(chan)量(liang)在3000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝以下的(de)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)園(yuan)，畝施用(yong)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)3方(fang)，氮(dan)肥(fei)(N)18～30公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷肥(fei)(P2O5)6～8公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(K2O)33～47公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。
(2)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性土(tu)壤改(gai)良。在酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性土(tu)壤香蕉園，定(ding)植前每(mei)畝施(shi)用(yong)(yong)石灰30～60公斤、硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鎂(mei)25～30公斤，與(yu)有機肥(fei)混勻后(hou)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)；在缺硼、鋅的香蕉園，每(mei)畝施(shi)用(yong)(yong)硼砂0.5～0.75公斤、硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鋅1～1.5公斤。
(3)分期(qi)(qi)施(shi)肥。在(zai)香蕉營(ying)養體生長期(qi)(qi)內，施(shi)肥量(liang)占(zhan)總施(shi)肥量(liang)的30%，孕蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)占(zhan)40%～45%，果(guo)實發育(yu)至采(cai)(cai)收(shou)期(qi)(qi)占(zhan)25%～30%。全年香蕉施(shi)肥次(ci)(ci)數(shu)在(zai)12～15次(ci)(ci)較(jiao)為適宜(yi)，其中重肥4～5次(ci)(ci)，薄肥7～10次(ci)(ci)，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)水肥一(yi)體化可適當(dang)增加施(shi)肥次(ci)(ci)數(shu)。
3.香蕉施肥時期(qi)管理
(1)因地因長勢對香蕉采取施肥時期管理。新植香蕉園，壯蕾肥每畝施尿素90公斤、氯化鉀120公斤左右，或施用養分相當的低氮高鉀復合肥200公(gong)斤(jin)，分4～5次施(shi)(shi)用(yong)，每(mei)半個月施(shi)(shi)一次；壯(zhuang)果肥(fei)每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)尿素20公(gong)斤(jin)、氯化鉀(jia)50公(gong)斤(jin)、硝酸鈣20公(gong)斤(jin)左右，分2次施(shi)(shi)用(yong)。
(2)春植香(xiang)蕉(jiao)的關(guan)鍵(jian)施(shi)(shi)肥時期(qi)在(zai)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)移栽、5月(yue)末、7～8月(yue)花(hua)芽(ya)分(fen)化期(qi)、11月(yue)壯果期(qi)，應重點分(fen)配(pei)施(shi)(shi)肥比重，少量多次施(shi)(shi)用；夏秋植香(xiang)蕉(jiao)的關(guan)鍵(jian)施(shi)(shi)肥時期(qi)在(zai)10月(yue)下旬(xun)、來年(nian)3月(yue)上旬(xun)和5～7月(yue)花(hua)芽(ya)分(fen)化期(qi)。
(3)加強水(shui)肥一體(ti)化管(guan)理(li)，微(wei)量元(yuan)素硼、鋅通(tong)過(guo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面施(shi)肥方式補(bu)充，全生育期噴施(shi)3～4次，在(zai)22葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、28葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、32葉(xie)(xie)(xie)和38葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時各噴一次。
華(hua)南地區雙季晚稻科學(xue)施(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)術指導意見(jian)
1.施肥(fei)(fei)原則 (1)控制氮(dan)(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)總量，減(jian)少前期施氮(dan)(dan)(dan)量，增(zeng)加(jia)中、后期施氮(dan)(dan)(dan)量，提高氮(dan)(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)利用率。
(2)氮肥、磷肥、鉀肥合理配比，有機無機結合，實施稻田(tian)(tian)秸稈還(huan)田(tian)(tian)。
2.施(shi)肥量及(ji)比例
(1)目標產(chan)量為450～550公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)的田塊(kuai)，施(shi)(shi)用氮肥(N)推薦為9～11公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)，磷肥(P2O5)2～3公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)，鉀肥(K2O)6～8公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)。目標產(chan)量在450公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)～550公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)上下，每提高或降低50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)目標產(chan)量，需增(zeng)施(shi)(shi)或減施(shi)(shi)氮肥(N)1.1～1.3公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。
(2)氮肥(fei)(fei)分(fen)期施用，基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)占40%～50%，分(fen)蘗肥(fei)(fei)占20%～25%，穗(sui)肥(fei)(fei)占20%～30%，粒肥(fei)(fei)占5%～10%；有機肥(fei)(fei)與磷肥(fei)(fei)全部作為(wei)基(ji)施施用；鉀肥(fei)(fei)的60%作為(wei)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)，40%作為(wei)穗(sui)肥(fei)(fei)施用。
(3)在(zai)常年秸稈還田地(di)塊，鉀肥用(yong)量可適(shi)當調(diao)減30%。
3.注意事項
(1)改良酸性土壤。在土壤pH≤5.5的田塊(kuai)，配合施用石灰或堿(jian)性土壤調理劑，一般畝(mu)施用石灰50～70公斤。
(2)實(shi)施(shi)秸(jie)稈還田。早稻收獲后稻草(cao)全部原位直接均勻撒鋪，同時施(shi)用基肥與秸(jie)稈腐熟劑(ji)后，立(li)即灌水泡田5～7天，每畝稻草(cao)還田量(liang)為300～400公斤。
(3)針(zhen)對性調減施肥量。當土壤(rang)堿解氮(dan)達(da)(da)到260毫克/公(gong)斤(jin)、有效磷達(da)(da)到40毫克/公(gong)斤(jin)、有效鉀(jia)達(da)(da)到155毫克/公(gong)斤(jin)時，可(ke)以不施或少施氮(dan)肥、磷肥、鉀(jia)肥。
蔬菜科學施肥技術指導意見
(一)西北地區加工番(fan)茄(qie)1.施(shi)(shi)肥原則 (1)增施(shi)(shi)有(you)機肥，實行有(you)機無(wu)機配合施(shi)(shi)用(yong)。
(2)根據土(tu)壤(rang)養分狀況，適當調減氮、磷肥用量，提高鉀肥在基肥中的比例。
(3)推廣膜(mo)下(xia)滴灌栽培(pei)水肥(fei)一(yi)體化(hua)技術，采用(yong)(yong)膜(mo)下(xia)滴灌田塊(kuai)，氮(dan)鉀肥(fei)用(yong)(yong)量比一(yi)般灌溉調減1/5～1/4。
(4)在初花(hua)期(qi)，噴施硼肥。在結果初期(qi)，追(zhui)施或者噴施鈣肥。
2.施(shi)肥量及比例
(1)采取溝灌，目標產量(liang)在8000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)以上(shang)的番茄園，畝(mu)(mu)施用(yong)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)18～20公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)8～10公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)15～18公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)；目標產量(liang)為6000～8000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)的番茄園，畝(mu)(mu)施用(yong)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)16～18公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)7～9公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)10～12公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)；目標產量(liang)為4000～6000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)的番茄園，畝(mu)(mu)施用(yong)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)14～16公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)6～8公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)8～10公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。
(2)采取膜下滴，目標(biao)(biao)產(chan)量在8000公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)以上的(de)番(fan)茄(qie)(qie)園，畝(mu)施用(yong)(yong)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(N)15～18公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(P2O5)7～8公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(K2O)12～15公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)；目標(biao)(biao)產(chan)量為6000～8000公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)的(de)番(fan)茄(qie)(qie)園，畝(mu)施用(yong)(yong)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(N)12～15公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(P2O5)6～7公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(K2O)8～12公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)；目標(biao)(biao)產(chan)量為4000～6000公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)的(de)番(fan)茄(qie)(qie)園，畝(mu)施用(yong)(yong)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(N)10～12公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(P2O5)5～6公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(K2O)6～8公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。
(3)不(bu)(bu)同灌溉方式、不(bu)(bu)同施用時期的(de)施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)比例的(de)確定。溝灌方式氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用，按(an)40%作(zuo)(zuo)為基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、30%作(zuo)(zuo)盛花(hua)期追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，30%作(zuo)(zuo)果實膨大期追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)分配(pei)；磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全部作(zuo)(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。膜下滴灌方式氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用，按(an)20%作(zuo)(zuo)為基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、80%作(zuo)(zuo)為追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)分配(pei)，追(zhui)(zhui)施氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)從第一果穗開花(hua)開始，每(mei)隔5～7天追(zhui)(zhui)施氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一次(ci)，連續6次(ci)，前3次(ci)每(mei)次(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量各占總(zong)氮(dan)量的(de)15%～20%，后3次(ci)每(mei)次(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量各占總(zong)氮(dan)量的(de)10%～15%；磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全部作(zuo)(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，也可將40%左右溶(rong)解(jie)性好的(de)磷、鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用作(zuo)(zuo)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。
(4)在番茄初(chu)花(hua)期(qi)，葉面噴(pen)施(shi)硼肥，每(mei)次(ci)每(mei)畝施(shi)用(yong)硼砂0.05公(gong)(gong)斤，間隔(ge)7天噴(pen)施(shi)一次(ci)，連續3次(ci)；在結(jie)果(guo)初(chu)期(qi)，葉面噴(pen)施(shi)水溶性鈣肥0.15公(gong)(gong)斤/畝，間隔(ge)7天噴(pen)施(shi)1次(ci)，連續3次(ci)；在盛花(hua)期(qi)，葉面噴(pen)施(shi)磷酸二氫鉀溶液1～2次(ci)，每(mei)次(ci)用(yong)量為1公(gong)(gong)斤/畝。葉面噴(pen)施(shi)各種肥料可(ke)混合后施(shi)用(yong)，以減少田間操作次(ci)數。
(二)蘿卜(bu)1.施肥原則
(1)根據(ju)土(tu)壤肥力狀況和(he)確定(ding)的目標產量，優化氮、磷、鉀(jia)肥施用量及比例，特別注(zhu)意調整氮、磷肥用量，增(zeng)施鉀(jia)肥。
(2)北方石(shi)灰性土壤(rang)的有(you)效錳、鋅、硼、鉬等微(wei)量(liang)元素(su)含量(liang)較低(di)，注重微(wei)量(liang)元素(su)的補充。
(3)增(zeng)施有機肥料(liao)，但忌用沒有充(chong)分腐(fu)熟的有機肥料(liao)。
2.施肥量及比例
(1)目(mu)標(biao)產量(liang)為4500～5000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)地(di)塊，畝(mu)(mu)(mu)施用(yong)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei))2～3方(fang)，氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)15～18公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)5～7公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)12～14公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。目(mu)標(biao)產量(liang)為2500～3000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)地(di)塊，畝(mu)(mu)(mu)施用(yong)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei))2～3方(fang)，氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)10～13公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)4～6公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)10～12公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。目(mu)標(biao)產量(liang)為1000～1500公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)地(di)塊，畝(mu)(mu)(mu)施用(yong)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei))1～2方(fang)，氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)6～9公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)3～5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)8～10公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。沒有基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)地(di)塊，可酌情畝(mu)(mu)(mu)增(zeng)施氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)3～4公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)2～3公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。
(2)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全部作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)；氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的30%作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，70%在蓮座期(qi)和肉(rou)質(zhi)根生(sheng)長前期(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)分(fen)2次施用(yong)；磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全部作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)；鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)可全部作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)，也(ye)可將2/3作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)，1/3在肉(rou)質(zhi)根生(sheng)長前期(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)。
(3)在缺硼(peng)的(de)田塊，基施硼(peng)砂1公斤，或者(zhe)在蘿卜(bu)生長中后期，噴(pen)施0.1%～0.5%的(de)硼(peng)砂或硼(peng)酸水溶液，每隔5～6天(tian)噴(pen)施一(yi)次，連噴(pen)2～3次。
(三)胡蘿卜1.施肥原則
(1)胡蘿(luo)卜施肥以基肥為主、追肥為輔，實行(xing)有(you)機無機相結合，大量元(yuan)素養分與中(zhong)微量元(yuan)素養分相配合施肥。
(2)增施優質(zhi)有(you)機肥，選用含鉀量較高的(de)草木灰、家禽家畜(chu)糞(fen)便(bian)、菜(cai)籽餅等，忌用沒有(you)充(chong)分腐熟(shu)的(de)有(you)機肥料(liao)。
(3)根據土(tu)壤鉀素狀況，注重施用鉀肥，補充鈣、硼、鉬等中微量元(yuan)素養分。
2.施肥(fei)量及比例
(1)目(mu)標產(chan)量(liang)在4000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)以上的(de)地(di)(di)塊(kuai)，畝(mu)施用有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei))3～4方，氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)11～14公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)5～6公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)16～18公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。目(mu)標產(chan)量(liang)為(wei)2500～4000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)地(di)(di)塊(kuai)，畝(mu)施用有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei))2～3方，氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)8～11公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)4～5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)13～15公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。目(mu)標產(chan)量(liang)在2500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)以下的(de)地(di)(di)塊(kuai)，畝(mu)施用有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei))1～2方，氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)6～8公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)3～4公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)10～13公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。
(2)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)和磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)全部作為基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)；氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)總量(liang)的(de)30%～50%作為基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)，70%～50%分2次作為追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)；鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)總用(yong)量(liang)的(de)2/3作為基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)，1/3在生長前期(qi)作為追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)。
(3)在(zai)收獲前的(de)25～30天，按每(mei)畝2公斤磷酸(suan)二氫鉀加水100公斤進行根外追肥；對(dui)于(yu)(yu)缺(que)硼地塊，在(zai)幼苗期(qi)、蓮座期(qi)和肉質根膨大期(qi)各(ge)噴(pen)施一次濃度(du)為0.2%的(de)硼砂(sha)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)；對(dui)于(yu)(yu)缺(que)鉬地塊，噴(pen)施0.05%～0.1%濃度(du)的(de)鉬酸(suan)銨溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)2次。
(四)露(lu)地辣椒1.施肥原則
(1)增施(shi)優質(zhi)有(you)機肥(fei)，注(zhu)重有(you)機無機相結合(he)，大量元素養分與中(zhong)微量元素養分相配合(he)。
(2)控制(zhi)氮肥過量施用，尤其在開(kai)花期(從第一朵花開(kai)放到(dao)第2個結果枝坐(zuo)果期間)要注意控制(zhi)氮肥施用，防止落花、落葉、落果。
(3)在(zai)幼果(guo)期和采收期，要及時補(bu)施速(su)效(xiao)肥料，促(cu)(cu)進幼果(guo)膨大(da)和促(cu)(cu)進下(xia)一批果(guo)實生長(chang)。切忌濕土追(zhui)(zhui)肥，中午高溫時追(zhui)(zhui)肥以(yi)及過于集中追(zhui)(zhui)肥。
2.施肥(fei)量(liang)及比例
(1)目(mu)標(biao)產量在4000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)以(yi)上的(de)地(di)塊(kuai)，畝(mu)施(shi)用有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(農家肥(fei))2～3方，氮(dan)肥(fei)(N)18～20公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，磷肥(fei)(P2O5)5～6公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(K2O)13～15公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。目(mu)標(biao)產量為2000～4000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)的(de)地(di)塊(kuai)，畝(mu)施(shi)用有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(農家肥(fei))1～2方，氮(dan)肥(fei)(N)15～18公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，磷肥(fei)(P2O5)4～5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(K2O)10～12公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。目(mu)標(biao)產量在2000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)以(yi)下的(de)地(di)塊(kuai)，畝(mu)施(shi)用氮(dan)肥(fei)(N)10～12公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，磷肥(fei)(P2O5)3～4公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(K2O)8～10公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。
(2)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)和磷肥(fei)(fei)全(quan)部(bu)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)；氮肥(fei)(fei)的30%～40%作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)，70%～60%分(fen)4～5次追施(shi)；鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)的50%～60%作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)，40%～50%作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)追肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)。
(3)偏酸(suan)(suan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)在整地時可(ke)施用(yong)石灰調節土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)酸(suan)(suan)堿度，同(tong)時補(bu)充鈣(gai)素，磷肥(fei)選用(yong)鈣(gai)鎂(mei)磷肥(fei)。植株和(he)果實出現缺鈣(gai)癥狀(zhuang)時可(ke)噴施0.3%的(de)氯化鈣(gai)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)；出現缺鎂(mei)癥狀(zhuang)時可(ke)噴施1%～2%的(de)硫酸(suan)(suan)鎂(mei)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)；出現缺硼癥狀(zhuang)時可(ke)噴施0.2%的(de)硼砂(sha)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)。葉面肥(fei)每(mei)隔1周一次(ci)，連續2～3次(ci)。
(五(wu))設施(shi)黃瓜1.施(shi)肥(fei)原則
針對設施(shi)(shi)黃(huang)瓜氮、磷化肥(fei)(fei)用量普遍偏(pian)高，容易造成土(tu)壤中氮、磷養(yang)分積累，氮、磷、鉀(jia)養(yang)分供應(ying)與蔬菜需求的比例失衡，黃(huang)瓜產量和(he)品質降低等(deng)問題(ti)，確定施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)原則為：
(1)以施有機(ji)肥(fei)為主，改善土壤綜(zong)合(he)肥(fei)力(li)水平(ping)。
(2)以(yi)基(ji)肥和追(zhui)肥相結(jie)合，在(zai)養分需求(qiu)臨界期和最(zui)大(da)效(xiao)率期，按養分需求(qiu)分次追(zhui)施。
(3)適時補施(shi)鈣、鎂和硼等中微量元(yuan)素(su)養分，防止(zhi)設施(shi)黃瓜發生生理性(xing)疾病，影響產量和品質。
(4)施(shi)肥與灌(guan)溉(gai)緊密結(jie)合，減少(shao)養分損失，提高(gao)養分利用率(lv)。采(cai)用膜下(xia)溝灌(guan)、滴灌(guan)等方(fang)式，灌(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)量(liang)每次每畝不超過30立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，砂土一(yi)般掌握在20立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)較(jiao)為(wei)適宜(yi)。
2.施肥量和比例
(1)根據目(mu)(mu)標(biao)產(chan)(chan)量確定適(shi)宜的(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料種類和用(yong)量。目(mu)(mu)標(biao)產(chan)(chan)量為(wei)(wei)4000～6000公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝地塊，畝施用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(商(shang)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei))500～800公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)25～30公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)8～12公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)30～35公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。目(mu)(mu)標(biao)產(chan)(chan)量為(wei)(wei)7000～10000公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝的(de)(de)地塊，畝施用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(商(shang)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei))800～1000公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)35～40公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)15～20公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)35～40公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。目(mu)(mu)標(biao)產(chan)(chan)量為(wei)(wei)11000～13000公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝的(de)(de)地塊，畝施用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(商(shang)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei))800～1000公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)45～55公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)20～25公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)40～45公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。目(mu)(mu)標(biao)產(chan)(chan)量為(wei)(wei)14000～16000公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝的(de)(de)地塊，畝施用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(商(shang)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei))1000～1500公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)50～60公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(P2O5)25～30公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(K2O)45～50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。
(2)在(zai)黃瓜(gua)前期施肥(fei)(fei)，以控為(wei)(wei)主，保證后期生長。有機肥(fei)(fei)和(he)磷肥(fei)(fei)全(quan)部作為(wei)(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)施用，氮肥(fei)(fei)的10%～20%、鉀肥(fei)(fei)的20%～30%作為(wei)(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)施用，其余(yu)氮肥(fei)(fei)、鉀肥(fei)(fei)在(zai)初花期和(he)結瓜(gua)期按(an)養(yang)分需(xu)求分次(ci)追(zhui)施，每次(ci)追(zhui)施氮肥(fei)(fei)量(N)不得超過6公斤/畝。
(3)在酸性土(tu)壤的地塊，畝施(shi)用(yong)鈣(gai)(gai)鎂(mei)磷肥100～150公(gong)斤(jin)，矯正黃瓜(gua)生(sheng)理(li)性鈣(gai)(gai)和鎂(mei)缺乏(fa)；在缺硼的地塊，每畝基施(shi)硼砂(sha)0.5～0.75公(gong)斤(jin)或者葉面噴(pen)施(shi)0.15%～0.2%的硼砂(sha)溶液。
