7月12日,在全國優質農產品開發座談會上,一些農業專家坦言,要確保優質農產品開發上規模、上水平,全面提高農產品質量水平,除了推進優質農產品開發規模化、標準化、品牌化、產業化之外,必須重視假冒偽劣農藥的打假工作。從目前的情況看,農藥打假仍然任重而道遠。
農藥(yao)是(shi)一種特殊的(de)商(shang)品,為加強農藥(yao)管理,國家在《農藥(yao)管理條(tiao)例》中,對(dui)農藥(yao)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)、經營主要(yao)(yao)規定了三項(xiang)制(zhi)度(du):農藥(yao)登記制(zhi)度(du)、農藥(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)許可(ke)制(zhi)度(du)和農藥(yao)質(zhi)量標準制(zhi)度(du)。但并不(bu)是(shi)有了三證就是(shi)合格的(de)農藥(yao)產(chan)品了。一個合格的(de)產(chan)品,不(bu)但要(yao)(yao)有“三證”,而且產(chan)品質(zhi)量和標簽也必(bi)須合格。
農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)打假的(de)對(dui)象是假農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)和劣質(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。根據《農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)管(guan)理條例》的(de)規定,假農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)有三種情(qing)況(kuang):以(yi)(yi)非農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)冒充農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao);以(yi)(yi)此種農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)冒充他種農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao);農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)與標(biao)簽標(biao)示不完全相同的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。劣質(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)也有三種情(qing)況(kuang):不符合(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)產品質(zhi)(zhi)量標(biao)準的(de);失去(qu)使(shi)用效能的(de);混有導(dao)致(zhi)藥(yao)害(hai)等有害(hai)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)的(de)。
農民是假(jia)(jia)冒偽劣(lie)農藥(yao)(yao)的直接受(shou)害者,近年(nian)來(lai),有(you)關(guan)這方(fang)面的報道已是屢見不鮮(xian)。而農藥(yao)(yao)企(qi)業更是飽受(shou)假(jia)(jia)冒偽劣(lie)農藥(yao)(yao)之苦。以江蘇安(an)(an)邦(bang)電化(hua)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司為(wei)例。該(gai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司是國內吡(bi)蚜(ya)酮(tong)協作組的組長單(dan)位,吡(bi)蚜(ya)酮(tong)是該(gai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司1998年(nian)開(kai)始研(yan)制、開(kai)發,2006年(nian)投(tou)入市(shi)場(chang)的產(chan)品(pin)。目前,“三證”齊(qi)全且有(you)裝(zhuang)置的吡(bi)蚜(ya)酮(tong)原(yuan)藥(yao)(yao)生產(chan)單(dan)位只(zhi)有(you)兩家,生產(chan)相關(guan)劑型的企(qi)業也(ye)只(zhi)有(you)五(wu)六家,但是市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)假(jia)(jia)冒安(an)(an)邦(bang)品(pin)牌(pai)的原(yuan)藥(yao)(yao)和制劑產(chan)品(pin)就有(you)50多(duo)種,一家“三無”化(hua)工(gong)企(qi)業推銷的假(jia)(jia)冒安(an)(an)邦(bang)原(yuan)藥(yao)(yao)價格比(bi)真藥(yao)(yao)便(bian)宜。為(wei)了打假(jia)(jia),安(an)(an)邦(bang)電化(hua)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司也(ye)花(hua)了很多(duo)費用,在(zai)(zai)江蘇、河南、湖北(bei)等省都抓(zhua)到了制假(jia)(jia)分子,但相關(guan)執法部門在(zai)(zai)辦案上(shang)只(zhi)有(you)“罰(fa)款”權(quan)(quan),沒有(you)“抓(zhua)人”權(quan)(quan),因此在(zai)(zai)處罰(fa)手(shou)段上(shang)頗為(wei)無奈。
事實上(shang),國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)相(xiang)關部(bu)(bu)(bu)門對(dui)于農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)打(da)(da)假(jia)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)一直十分(fen)重視。從2004年(nian)至今(jin),農(nong)(nong)(nong)業部(bu)(bu)(bu)、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)質(zhi)檢(jian)總(zong)(zong)局、公(gong)安(an)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)商總(zong)(zong)局每年(nian)都聯合(he)開展(zhan)包括農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)打(da)(da)假(jia)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)打(da)(da)假(jia)專項行動(dong)。2012年(nian)3月(yue)以來,國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)質(zhi)檢(jian)總(zong)(zong)局在(zai)全國(guo)質(zhi)檢(jian)系統開展(zhan)了“質(zhi)檢(jian)利劍(jian)行動(dong)”農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)打(da)(da)假(jia)戰役,并于5月(yue)29日公(gong)布了15起(qi)2012年(nian)春(chun)季(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)打(da)(da)假(jia)典型案件和兩起(qi)與公(gong)安(an)部(bu)(bu)(bu)聯合(he)掛(gua)牌督(du)辦的(de)(de)案件,如山東省(sheng)德州市質(zhi)監局查(cha)(cha)處的(de)(de)貨值33.06萬元的(de)(de)無證生(sheng)產(chan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)案,形成了農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)打(da)(da)假(jia)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)態勢。2012年(nian)的(de)(de)春(chun)季(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)打(da)(da)假(jia)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)座談會也提出了農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)行業要繼續開展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)“三證”、農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)品的(de)(de)監督(du)抽查(cha)(cha)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),聯合(he)公(gong)安(an)、質(zhi)檢(jian)等有(you)(you)關部(bu)(bu)(bu)門開展(zhan)專項行動(dong)等措(cuo)施(shi)。但從目前情(qing)況看(kan),坑農(nong)(nong)(nong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)制假(jia)售假(jia)案件屢有(you)(you)發生(sheng),為逃避打(da)(da)擊(ji),假(jia)冒偽(wei)劣生(sheng)產(chan)企業較之前更(geng)加分(fen)散,造假(jia)行為也更(geng)加隱蔽(bi),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)是“打(da)(da)一槍換(huan)一個地方”,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)是采取筑高(gao)墻、養惡犬、設監控等手段(duan)阻撓執法,更(geng)有(you)(you)甚(shen)者是直接暴(bao)力抗(kang)法。
假(jia)冒偽劣農(nong)藥(yao)為何屢禁(jin)不(bu)(bu)止呢?記者調查發現,原因不(bu)(bu)外以下幾個(ge)方面:一(yi)是(shi)在魚目混珠的農(nong)藥(yao)市(shi)場上,農(nong)民(min)沒有(you)孫悟(wu)空的“火(huo)眼金睛(jing)”,識別真(zhen)假(jia)只能依(yi)靠自身(shen)感官。二(er)是(shi)多數經銷商(shang)從(cong)自身(shen)利(li)益出發,極(ji)力向農(nong)民(min)推薦的并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)質量最好的產品(pin),而(er)是(shi)利(li)潤最高的產品(pin)。假(jia)貨無(wu)疑是(shi)利(li)潤最高的,這(zhe)也是(shi)假(jia)貨比真(zhen)貨走俏(qiao)的原因。三(san)是(shi)暴利(li)的驅動(dong),暴利(li)是(shi)造假(jia)者制假(jia)冒險(xian)的動(dong)力。四是(shi)打假(jia)力度(du)仍然不(bu)(bu)夠,違法(fa)成本與所獲得的暴利(li)相比顯得少(shao)(shao)之又(you)少(shao)(shao)。
針(zhen)對此種現(xian)象,12日座(zuo)談會的(de)一些與(yu)會者建議(yi),必須建立和(he)(he)完善部(bu)(bu)門聯(lian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)打假長效機(ji)制(zhi),如加大部(bu)(bu)門配(pei)合(he)(he)(he)(he)力度(du)(du),適時(shi)、適情開展聯(lian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)行(xing)動(dong);結合(he)(he)(he)(he)農藥產品(pin)質量(liang)監督抽查結果(guo),追(zhui)根溯源,打擊假劣生產源頭和(he)(he)經營網絡;堅持(chi)政府打假與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)打假相結合(he)(he)(he)(he)、打假與(yu)扶優(you)相結合(he)(he)(he)(he),推動(dong)信(xin)譽度(du)(du)高、產品(pin)質量(liang)好的(de)企(qi)業(ye)占領市場;克服地方(fang)和(he)(he)部(bu)(bu)門保(bao)護主義(yi);深挖大案(an)要案(an)的(de)同時(shi),加大督察(cha)(cha)督辦(ban)和(he)(he)明察(cha)(cha)暗訪工作力度(du)(du),確保(bao)農藥市場質量(liang)安(an)全。《中國質量(liang)報》