影響農村食品安全的因素眾多，其中農藥是(shi)影響農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品質量的(de)(de)“第一道(dao)關口”。 隨著農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)市場(chang)的(de)(de)不斷開放(fang)和(he)原縣、鄉鎮兩級農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)部(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)轉制(zhi)，我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)經(jing)營和(he)銷售已經(jing)由(you)(you)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)部(bu)門(men)主渠道(dao)供應逐漸趨向多元化。受經(jing)濟(ji)利益的(de)(de)驅動，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)流通與使用(yong)，完全由(you)(you)市場(chang)調節，對(dui)食品安全帶來諸多危害(hai)，不僅造(zao)成蔬果產品的(de)(de)殘留農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)超標，損(sun)害(hai)居民身體健康，而且也損(sun)害(hai)了國家(jia)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業形象，損(sun)害(hai)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生態(tai)環境。加強農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)集中配送，引(yin)導農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶規范合(he)理(li)地使用(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，應當(dang)是(shi)縣（市）與鄉鎮政府亟需履行的(de)(de)重大職責(ze)。
民(min)(min)以食為(wei)天，食以安(an)為(wei)先。黨的(de)(de)(de)十七屆三中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)會就提出，要(yao)(yao)“按照(zhao)高(gao)(gao)產、優質(zhi)、高(gao)(gao)效、生(sheng)(sheng)態、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，加快轉變農(nong)(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展方式(shi)(shi)”。發(fa)展現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業，“安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)”是重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)目標尺度。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業離不開農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，而農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)與否是事關(guan)民(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)、事關(guan)社會的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大問題。由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)放開，少數人乘機將(jiang)假冒偽劣(lie)、違(wei)禁劇毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)暗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)交易，嚴(yan)重(zhong)干(gan)擾(rao)正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)市(shi)場，損害(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境，坑害(hai)百姓利益。近年(nian)來(lai)主管(guan)部門狠(hen)抓嚴(yan)打(da)，效果明顯，但(dan)由于體(ti)制(zhi)因素，高(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)殘留、高(gao)(gao)污(wu)染(ran)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)仍(reng)有(you)暗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)銷售(shou)。聽任(ren)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)流(liu)通(tong)環節的(de)(de)(de)個體(ti)經營，放任(ren)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶對農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)盲目施用(yong)，會直(zhi)接導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)下降甚至喪(sang)失。從去年(nian)開始，江蘇省的(de)(de)(de)常(chang)熟、張家港(gang)、太倉等縣市(shi)，試行“農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)配送”，由政府(fu)“有(you)形(xing)之(zhi)手”調節農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)流(liu)通(tong)，由農(nong)(nong)(nong)業植保(bao)(bao)站指(zhi)導農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，取得了(le)明顯成效，切實保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，被(bei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)稱贊(zan)為(wei)“惠農(nong)(nong)(nong)利民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)實事工程(cheng)”。但(dan)從全(quan)(quan)(quan)國范圍看，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通(tong)與使(shi)用(yong)，基(ji)本(ben)處于自(zi)發(fa)混(hun)亂狀態，在基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)專(zhuan)題調研(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)現，基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)群(qun)眾對“農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)完全(quan)(quan)(quan)放開經營”很有(you)意見。城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)居(ju)民(min)(min)也反映(ying)，蘇南城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)蔬菜，大多(duo)來(lai)自(zi)外地，他們熱切呼吁(yu)各地政府(fu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)加強對農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)流(liu)通(tong)與使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)規范管(guan)理(li)，推行“集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)配送”模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，以增進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。
“農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)集中配(pei)送(song)(song)(song)”，就(jiu)是由縣級政(zheng)府牽頭，成立(li)由相(xiang)關涉農(nong)(nong)部(bu)門組成的農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)配(pei)送(song)(song)(song)工(gong)作領導小組，調研確(que)定本區域(yu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)配(pei)送(song)(song)(song)體系實施方案、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)配(pei)送(song)(song)(song)管理辦(ban)法、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)經(jing)銷人員工(gong)作職責等(deng)規范(fan)文件，指導農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)有(you)序流通與規范(fan)使用(yong)。進而(er)選擇誠信度高的農(nong)(nong)資經(jing)營公司，統一(yi)(yi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)招標（議標）、集中配(pei)送(song)(song)(song)、經(jing)營管理、結算核算，政(zheng)府對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)進銷差率(lv)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)補貼，對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)配(pei)送(song)(song)(song)人員進行(xing)(xing)(xing)系統培訓(xun)，對(dui)(dui)各個配(pei)送(song)(song)(song)站點進行(xing)(xing)(xing)日常(chang)巡(xun)查督促。從常(chang)熟等(deng)地的實踐看，實行(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)集中配(pei)送(song)(song)(song)，具有(you)一(yi)(yi)舉多得(de)之功效(xiao)：確(que)保(bao)農(nong)(nong)作物的豐產(chan)豐收，降低農(nong)(nong)戶用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)成本、減輕(qing)農(nong)(nong)民負(fu)擔、確(que)保(bao)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質量安全、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使用(yong)生產(chan)性事故大幅(fu)下降、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安全使用(yong)技術服務通過配(pei)送(song)(song)(song)站直接指導農(nong)(nong)戶。
農藥集(ji)中(zhong)配(pei)送安全保障體系，是(shi)農藥市場監管新模式，是(shi)從源(yuan)頭上確保農產品(pin)質量安全的重(zhong)要舉措。為了(le)在全國推(tui)行“農藥集(ji)中(zhong)配(pei)送”，提高農產品(pin)質量安全，特提出如下建(jian)議：
1、加強宣(xuan)傳力度。按照屬地管理(li)的原則，縣(xian)及鄉鎮政(zheng)府要(yao)統一思想認識，增強對(dui)(dui)“農藥”這種特(te)殊農用(yong)物資集中配送必要(yao)性的認識，強化會(hui)議(yi)及媒體宣(xuan)傳工作(zuo)，迅速提(ti)高廣大農戶對(dui)(dui)農藥集中配送的知曉(xiao)度，真正把這項(xiang)惠農利民新(xin)舉措做到(dao)家喻戶曉(xiao)、深入民心。
2、做好配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)體系(xi)(xi)建設。由當地供(gong)銷社與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)委部門合作(zuo)，在各(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)選擇設立具有統一(yi)(yi)標(biao)識編號、統一(yi)(yi)柜臺(tai)擺(bai)放、統一(yi)(yi)技(ji)(ji)術服(fu)務(wu)(wu)、統一(yi)(yi)規章制度、統一(yi)(yi)信(xin)息化(hua)管理(li)的(de)“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)點(dian)(dian)”，選擇有實力、有資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)公(gong)司作(zuo)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥招標(biao)（議標(biao)）主體與配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)中(zhong)心，聘(pin)用各(ge)鎮(zhen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)所(suo)、站技(ji)(ji)術人員為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)點(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術顧問，各(ge)配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)站、點(dian)(dian)要與配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)中(zhong)心建立聯(lian)網(wang)的(de)信(xin)息共享平(ping)臺(tai)，組成“一(yi)(yi)條龍”農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)體系(xi)(xi)。在配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，基(ji)層配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)點(dian)(dian)要做好購藥登(deng)記及使用情況記錄，為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥監管和(he)追溯體系(xi)(xi)建設提供(gong)可靠依據。要借助網(wang)絡平(ping)臺(tai)向主要用戶及時發送(song)用藥指導信(xin)息。要借鑒江蘇省(sheng)昆山市的(de)做法，推行《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥供(gong)應登(deng)記卡》和(he)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)卡》的(de)雙卡服(fu)務(wu)(wu)工程(cheng)，
3、發揮好(hao)市縣(xian)鎮兩級(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)管理(li)職能(neng)。按照(zhao)“政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)購(gou)、統(tong)一(yi)配送、零(ling)差(cha)率銷售、信息化管理(li)、財政(zheng)(zheng)補(bu)貼(tie)”的(de)(de)原則(ze)，農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)采(cai)購(gou)由(you)農(nong)資公(gong)司(si)委托(tuo)縣(xian)級(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)購(gou)中心進行(xing)統(tong)一(yi)采(cai)購(gou)，按照(zhao)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采(cai)購(gou)招標(biao)或(huo)議(yi)標(biao)價(jia)格(ge)實行(xing)零(ling)差(cha)價(jia)銷售。政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)管理(li)重(zhong)點放在制(zhi)定配送規則(ze)、巡查(cha)制(zhi)度、核算補(bu)貼(tie)辦法、違章追責措施(shi)等。縣(xian)級(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)要加(jia)大(da)財政(zheng)(zheng)投(tou)入(ru)，加(jia)強對(dui)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)專業技能(neng)培(pei)(pei)訓，重(zhong)點圍繞農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)品種的(de)(de)選用(yong)、農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)應用(yong)適期、農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)合理(li)用(yong)量以及農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)使用(yong)安全間(jian)隔期等內容開展培(pei)(pei)訓和技術指導服務，提高基(ji)層農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)對(dui)病(bing)蟲草(cao)防治和農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)應用(yong)技術水平。
4、建立財政補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)機制。縣級政府應(ying)對實行(xing)(xing)零差(cha)率銷售(shou)的(de)農藥(yao)(yao)配送點進(jin)行(xing)(xing)財政補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)，以(yi)(yi)高(gao)效(xiao)低毒(du)農藥(yao)(yao)和生物農藥(yao)(yao)為(wei)重點，以(yi)(yi)扶持專業(ye)化“統防(fang)統治”組織為(wei)形式實施補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)。只有建立農藥(yao)(yao)的(de)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)機制，才能(neng)持久(jiu)，有效(xiao)地(di)規范(fan)農藥(yao)(yao)市(shi)場，才能(neng)把(ba)用完后的(de)有毒(du)農藥(yao)(yao)包裝全(quan)部回收(shou)并集(ji)中銷毀，有效(xiao)地(di)防(fang)止因不規范(fan)使(shi)用農藥(yao)(yao)引起(qi)的(de)面源(yuan)污染。對農場、種田大戶(hu)、專業(ye)合作社要簽訂(ding)使(shi)用政府零差(cha)率配送農藥(yao)(yao)承(cheng)諾書，并依據(ju)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)承(cheng)諾狀況進(jin)行(xing)(xing)農業(ye)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)。
5、鼓勵民資經營農資超市。有條件的地方，政府要支持、引導民營企業投資籌建大型農資超市及倉儲配送中心，建成后集農藥、化肥、種子和其他農(nong)資(zi)商品的(de)銷(xiao)售、倉儲和物流配送于(yu)一(yi)體，通(tong)過大型超市和配送中心(xin)，與原有農(nong)資(zi)網點相配合，營造放心(xin)農(nong)資(zi)的(de)消費環境，為農(nong)民提供(gong)優(you)質快捷(jie)的(de)服務。
6、加(jia)強行(xing)政執法力(li)度(du)(du)。農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)集中配(pei)送，是為了(le)保(bao)證農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)質量與(yu)價格(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定，是為了(le)農(nong)(nong)產品用藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全，并不是重新搞農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“壟斷(duan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)”。要(yao)保(bao)護各(ge)配(pei)送站(zhan)(zhan)點之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正當(dang)競爭(zheng)，銷(xiao)量大、服務優(you)、口(kou)碑好的(de)(de)(de)(de)還要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獎勵。同時(shi)，農(nong)(nong)委要(yao)加(jia)強各(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)農(nong)(nong)技(ji)站(zhan)(zhan)力(li)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)備與(yu)職責的(de)(de)(de)(de)履行(xing)，還要(yao)對(dui)(dui)屢次違(wei)反農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)集中配(pei)送規章制度(du)(du)和(he)服務公約、擅自(zi)改變農(nong)(nong)業(ye)植保(bao)站(zhan)(zhan)用藥(yao)配(pei)方、私(si)自(zi)采購合(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)送站(zhan)(zhan)點，要(yao)監督(du)查(cha)處(chu)，直至取(qu)消配(pei)送資格(ge)(ge)(ge)。工商行(xing)政管(guan)理部門(men)要(yao)加(jia)強對(dui)(dui)個(ge)體(ti)無證經(jing)營(ying)(ying)、超范圍經(jing)營(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)銷(xiao)售行(xing)為進(jin)行(xing)執法處(chu)罰。對(dui)(dui)由于私(si)自(zi)銷(xiao)售劇毒農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)造成重大經(jing)濟(ji)損害或人身損害的(de)(de)(de)(de)，要(yao)及時(shi)與(yu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)主管(guan)部門(men)、公安部門(men)聯合(he)執法，全程追溯，依(yi)法追究法律責任。
總(zong)之，農(nong)藥(yao)規范管理是(shi)一件(jian)利(li)國利(li)民的(de)(de)(de)大好事，是(shi)實施農(nong)業(ye)轉型升級(ji)，發展綠色(se)有機農(nong)業(ye)和(he)持續健(jian)康農(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)。因(yin)此，建議各級(ji)政府高度重視農(nong)藥(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)配(pei)送并形成長效(xiao)機制，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)各級(ji)政府、職能部門(men)、廣大農(nong)戶聯手，使農(nong)藥(yao)配(pei)送站(zhan)點成為代表政府形象的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營配(pei)送平臺和(he)文(wen)明服務窗口，并以此來(lai)規范農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通(tong)與施用，力爭通(tong)過(guo)(guo)五年左右時間的(de)(de)(de)努力，全國大宗農(nong)產品（水(shui)稻(dao)、蔬菜、水(shui)果等(deng)）用藥(yao)全部集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)配(pei)送，以有效(xiao)提升農(nong)產品質量安(an)全，保(bao)(bao)護田園(yuan)，保(bao)(bao)障農(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)天藍、地綠、水(shui)凈，有效(xiao)促進美麗鄉村建設。
