中國農藥(yao)行業(ye)發展概況分析(xi)
農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),指用(yong)于防治(zhi)農(nong)業、林(lin)業作物的(de)病、蟲(chong)、草(cao)、鼠(shu)和其(qi)他(ta)有害生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物,調節植(zhi)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)各種化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),以及(ji)(ji)倉儲、農(nong)林(lin)產品的(de)防蝕、河流堤壩、鐵(tie)路、機場、建筑物及(ji)(ji)其(qi)他(ta)場所用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)原(yuan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和制劑。按照原(yuan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)來源可以分為化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao))兩大類別(bie)。目前我國化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)依然占(zhan)據農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)行業的(de)九成,殺蟲(chong)劑占(zhan)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)登記數量的(de)42%以上。
化學農藥占農藥行業九成
國(guo)(guo)家統(tong)計局發布的《國(guo)(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟行(xing)業(ye)分類》(GB/T 4754-2017)中,將“農(nong)藥制造”行(xing)業(ye)分在“化學原(yuan)料(liao)和化學制品制造業(ye)”大類之下(xia),農(nong)藥制造的行(xing)業(ye)代碼為“263”。其中農(nong)藥制造又可以(yi)分為化學農(nong)藥制造(2631)、生物化學農(nong)藥及微生物農(nong)藥(2632)。
近年來我(wo)國農(nong)藥(yao)行(xing)業銷售(shou)(shou)收入(ru)整(zheng)體增長(chang)態(tai)勢,其中化學農(nong)藥(yao)受到國家(jia)農(nong)藥(yao)使用零增長(chang)政策的影響較為明顯,銷售(shou)(shou)收入(ru)增速明顯下(xia)滑。
據(ju)前瞻產(chan)業(ye)研究(jiu)院發布的(de)《中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)行業(ye)市場需(xu)求預測與投(tou)資戰略規(gui)劃分(fen)析(xi)報告》統(tong)計數據(ju)顯示,2010年(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)行業(ye)市場銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)已達(da)1353.2億元(yuan),2014年(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)行業(ye)市場銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)增長至2724.1億元(yuan),同比增長7.9%。之后(hou)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)增速(su)開(kai)始下(xia)滑,截止至2017年(nian),我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)行業(ye)市場銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)達(da)到(dao)了2885.2億元(yuan),同比下(xia)降0.3%,這也是繼2015年(nian)以來的(de)第二次下(xia)滑。2018年(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)經濟作物整體種植擴大,加上(shang)基建領域對農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)需(xu)求,化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)有所提高(gao),約2930億元(yuan)左右(you)。
2010-2018年我國化(hua)學農藥行業市場銷售收入統計及(ji)增長情況(kuang)預測
數據來(lai)源:前瞻產業研究院(yuan)整(zheng)理(li)
與化學(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)相反,生物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)具有(you)病蟲害防治效果(guo)好(hao),而(er)對人畜安全無毒,不污(wu)染環境(jing),無殘留(liu)的(de)(de)優點(dian),受農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)零增(zeng)(zeng)長政策影(ying)響(xiang)較小(xiao),在近(jin)年(nian)反而(er)實(shi)現了銷售收(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)上(shang)漲(zhang)。2017年(nian),我國(guo)生物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)業(ye)實(shi)現銷售收(shou)入(ru)319.3億元,同比增(zeng)(zeng)長5.7%。2018年(nian),整個(ge)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)業(ye)監管趨嚴,生物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)憑借(jie)相對環保的(de)(de)優勢取得較好(hao)的(de)(de)發展成效。前(qian)瞻測(ce)算,2018年(nian)我國(guo)生物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)銷售收(shou)入(ru)約360億元,增(zeng)(zeng)速或將達到12.7%。
2010-2018年我(wo)國生物農藥行業市場銷售(shou)收入統計(ji)及增長情況預測
數據來源:前瞻(zhan)產業研究院整理(li)
雖然(ran)在環保(bao)監(jian)管趨嚴的情況(kuang)下,生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)近年(nian)(nian)來有(you)著良好的發展成效(xiao),但(dan)是我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)行業(ye)依(yi)舊以化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。從銷售(shou)收(shou)入(ru)角度(du)來看,2017年(nian)(nian),生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)銷售(shou)收(shou)入(ru)為(wei)(wei)319.3億元,占全國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)銷售(shou)收(shou)入(ru)的比(bi)重不足10%,化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)占比(bi)達到90.93%。短時間,我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)行業(ye)依(yi)舊保(bao)持以化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。
殺蟲劑產品種類占比最高
殺(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)作為殺(sha)(sha)死(si)害蟲的(de)(de)一種藥劑(ji)(ji)(ji),具有使用歷(li)史長遠、品(pin)種多的(de)(de)特點。目前(qian)我國實行嚴格的(de)(de)農(nong)藥登(deng)記管(guan)理(li)制度,根(gen)據(ju)農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)部數據(ju)顯示,目前(qian)處在有效期內登(deng)記在案(an)的(de)(de)農(nong)藥產品(pin)共38680種,其(qi)中殺(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)16556種,占比為42.8%;殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)除(chu)草劑(ji)(ji)(ji)登(deng)記在案(an)種類(lei)分別為10180種和(he)10171種,占比分別為26.32%和(he)26.3%。
中國農藥(yao)行業按產品數量結構(gou)占比統(tong)計情況
數(shu)據來源:前瞻產業研究院整理
生物農藥占比將會穩步提高(gao)
我國(guo)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)能、產(chan)量處于世(shi)界前列,但是主要依(yi)靠(kao)化學農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)支(zhi)撐,生(sheng)物農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)占比(bi)較低。《到(dao)2020年(nian)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)用量零增長行動方案》提(ti)出,到(dao)2020年(nian),初步建立資源節約型、環境友好型病蟲害可持(chi)續治(zhi)理技術體(ti)系,大力推廣應用生(sheng)物農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、高效低毒(du)低殘(can)(can)留(liu)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),替代高毒(du)高殘(can)(can)留(liu)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。同時在中國(guo)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工(gong)業協會(hui)發布(bu)的《農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工(gong)業“十三五”發展規劃》中提(ti)出,要優化產(chan)品結構(gou),提(ti)高產(chan)品質量,支(zhi)持(chi)生(sheng)物農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)發展。
隨著我(wo)國生態環保監管的加強,對農(nong)藥行業的監管加深(shen),我(wo)國生物農(nong)藥將迎(ying)來良(liang)好(hao)的發展機遇(yu),在農(nong)藥行業中的比重將會(hui)逐(zhu)步提升
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