根據(ju)各地二代棉鈴(ling)蟲殘蟲基數調查,結合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態條件和(he)氣(qi)象預(yu)(yu)報綜合(he)分析,預(yu)(yu)測(ce)主棉區三代棉鈴(ling)蟲總體偏輕發生(sheng)(sheng),局部中(zhong)等發生(sheng)(sheng);其它作物田將中(zhong)等到偏重發生(sheng)(sheng)。預(yu)(yu)計二代成(cheng)蟲盛(sheng)期(qi) 7 月 25 至 8 月初(chu),比歷年晚 2-3 天。預(yu)(yu)報依據(ju):
1 、棉田殘蟲基數低。 全省棉田二代殘(can)蟲(chong)(chong)平(ping)均(jun)為(wei) 27.91 頭(tou) / 畝,為(wei)近十(shi)年來最低(di)殘(can)蟲(chong)(chong)量。殘(can)蟲(chong)(chong)數量地區間差異顯著,衡水等地偏高,其中冀(ji)州市(shi)畝殘(can)蟲(chong)(chong) 96 頭(tou),比(bi)歷年低(di) 28% ;武邑縣畝殘(can)蟲(chong)(chong) 80.5 頭(tou),比(bi)歷年平(ping)均(jun)值高 0.5% 。
2 、其他作物田為主要蟲源。 花生、蔬菜(cai)、春(chun)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)、油葵、中藥材(cai)等其它(ta)作物(wu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)局(ju)部蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)量較(jiao)高(gao)。安新縣調(diao)查,夏玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)二代棉鈴蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)比較(jiao)普遍,一般發(fa)生地(di)塊百株(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)量 2-6 頭(tou)(tou),嚴重地(di)塊頭(tou)(tou) 10-19 頭(tou)(tou)。博野縣調(diao)查,春(chun)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)、油葵、射干(gan)等作物(wu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)量較(jiao)高(gao),最(zui)高(gao)達 31.5 頭(tou)(tou) / 百株(zhu)(zhu)(春(chun)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi))。定州市 7 月 6 日調(diao)查玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)百株(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)量 0.1-2 頭(tou)(tou),春(chun)花生田(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)塊 20-30 頭(tou)(tou) / 百穴,夏花生 5-10 頭(tou)(tou) / 百穴,蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)齡(ling) 1-5 令(ling)均(jun)有(you),以 2-4 令(ling)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)主(zhu)。巨鹿縣調(diao)查,油葵田(tian)(tian)(tian)平均(jun)每盤 1 頭(tou)(tou)左右,多的每盤 3-4 頭(tou)(tou), 2-5 齡(ling)為(wei)主(zhu)。雖然(ran)棉田(tian)(tian)(tian)外(wai)局(ju)部蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)量較(jiao)高(gao),但均(jun)低于上(shang)年同(tong)期。
3 、幼蟲發育進度晚于常年。 各(ge)地 7 月 3-7 日殘(can)蟲(chong)調(diao)(diao)查(cha), 1-6 齡(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)所占(zhan)(zhan)比例(li)分別為 9.38% 、 27.4% 、 36.22% 、 16.71% 、 12.43% 、 0.50% ,以 2-4 齡(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)為主(zhu), 4-6 齡(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)所占(zhan)(zhan)比例(li)僅為 29.64 %,總體晚于近年(nian)。其(qi)中辛(xin)集市殘(can)蟲(chong)調(diao)(diao)查(cha), 1 齡(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)占(zhan)(zhan) 30.51 %、 2 齡(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)占(zhan)(zhan) 42.37 %、 3 齡(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)占(zhan)(zhan) 15.25 %、 4 齡(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)占(zhan)(zhan) 6.78 %、 5 齡(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)占(zhan)(zhan) 5.08% 、 6 齡(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling) 0 。齡(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)期(qi)主(zhu)要集中在 1-3 齡(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)期(qi)。
4 、持續干旱氣候將對棉鈴蟲產生一定抑制作用。 省氣(qi)(qi)候中(zhong)心預測(ce),預計 7 月(yue)份(fen)河北省降(jiang)水量整體偏(pian)(pian)(pian)少(shao),其(qi)中(zhong)北部(bu)降(jiang)水量偏(pian)(pian)(pian)少(shao) 1 ~ 2 成,南部(bu)降(jiang)水量偏(pian)(pian)(pian)少(shao) 2 ~ 4 成,全(quan)省大部(bu)分地區(qu)氣(qi)(qi)溫略(lve)高于常年, 8 月(yue)份(fen)中(zhong)南部(bu)地區(qu)降(jiang)水也較常年偏(pian)(pian)(pian)少(shao),干旱少(shao)雨氣(qi)(qi)候將(jiang)不利于卵的孵化(hua)和幼蟲(chong)的存活。
(河北省植(zhi)保植(zhi)檢(jian)站)