日前，一篇《85%以上的癌癥與農藥殘留(liu)有(you)(you)關》的(de)(de)文章引起關注，文章中(zhong)提(ti)到85%以上(shang)的(de)(de)癌癥(zheng)、80余(yu)種疾病與農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)有(you)(you)關。誠然(ran)，近些年農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)對人(ren)體有(you)(you)害的(de)(de)消息甚囂塵上(shang)，人(ren)們紛(fen)紛(fen)談藥(yao)(yao)色變，但就農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)行業(ye)人(ren)士看來，這樣的(de)(de)描述有(you)(you)待偏頗，缺乏準確(que)性。
可能致癌≠致癌
農藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)超標事(shi)件頻發，國家對(dui)農藥(yao)(yao)登記(ji)和生(sheng)產(chan)、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管理越(yue)來越(yue)嚴格，也說明高(gao)(gao)毒(du)、高(gao)(gao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)農藥(yao)(yao)確實(shi)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)體、環境造成危害(hai)。農藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)可以對(dui)人(ren)(ren)畜產(chan)生(sheng)直接(jie)(jie)毒(du)害(hai)，食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)特別是有機磷農藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)超標的蔬菜、瓜果會直接(jie)(jie)危及(ji)人(ren)(ren)體的神經系統和肝、腎等重(zhong)(zhong)要器官，甚(shen)至引起急性中毒(du)而致(zhi)死。長期食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)受(shou)污染的食(shi)物，殘(can)(can)留(liu)農藥(yao)(yao)在人(ren)(ren)體內蓄積到一(yi)定限度(du)后會導致(zhi)一(yi)些慢(man)性疾病，食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)被施用(yong)(yong)(yong)過劇毒(du)農藥(yao)(yao)的蔬菜會產(chan)生(sheng)致(zhi)癌物質。正是因為人(ren)(ren)們對(dui)于農藥(yao)(yao)安(an)全性的擔(dan)憂致(zhi)使(shi)(shi)對(dui)農藥(yao)(yao)的誤解越(yue)來越(yue)深。
農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)在(zai)人(ren)類(lei)生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)發揮(hui)著重要作用(yong)(yong)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民為獲得高產(chan)量農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品，在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方式方面存(cun)在(zai)問題(ti)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘留超標問題(ti)確實存(cun)在(zai)。這(zhe)與(yu)種植(zhi)者濫(lan)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，不懂得科學用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)有關，但(dan)我們(men)應該明(ming)確認(ren)識兩(liang)(liang)點。一是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)可能(neng)(neng)性(xing)的(de)確定(ding)，劑量決定(ding)毒性(xing)，檢出(chu)超標不一定(ding)意味著一定(ding)有很大(da)(da)風(feng)險，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)可能(neng)(neng)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)概念(nian)。為什么會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)的(de)報(bao)道(dao)，這(zhe)與(yu)近年來癌(ai)癥頻(pin)發有關，而老話說“病從(cong)口(kou)入”，食物致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)的(de)可能(neng)(neng)性(xing)似乎更大(da)(da)，這(zhe)與(yu)種植(zhi)過(guo)程中(zhong)濫(lan)用(yong)(yong)、超量使(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)導致(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)殘超標有關。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)，引發致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)可能(neng)(neng)性(xing)的(de)原因(yin)也與(yu)當前大(da)(da)氣環境污(wu)染、生(sheng)活環境惡化有關。相(xiang)關專家表示，以之前報(bao)道(dao)檢測出(chu)乙(yi)草(cao)(cao)胺超標的(de)草(cao)(cao)莓為例，一個(ge)成人(ren)要吃幾百(bai)噸草(cao)(cao)莓才可能(neng)(neng)會(hui)毒死，況且高毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)不一定(ding)具(ju)有致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)性(xing)，高毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)不能(neng)(neng)稱之為致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)性(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。
加強科學使用與宣傳
農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)超(chao)標對(dui)人體確實存在(zai)危害，近年(nian)來，我(wo)國對(dui)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的登記管理(li)日趨嚴(yan)格，同時對(dui)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產品殘留(liu)物標準(zhun)進行規定，嚴(yan)格管控高毒、高風險農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的生(sheng)(sheng)產使用，對(dui)高毒、高風險農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)采取禁限用措施，對(dui)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)登記、生(sheng)(sheng)產管理(li)不斷加強(qiang)，但(dan)我(wo)國對(dui)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使用環節(jie)的管理(li)還(huan)存在(zai)不足。
我國農(nong)(nong)民(min)科學(xue)(xue)施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)意識(shi)、施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)水平欠缺，如何加強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)科學(xue)(xue)施用技術指導，選擇在農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)安全間隔期施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)尤為重要(yao)。為提高(gao)規(gui)范經營和(he)科學(xue)(xue)用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)水平，需(xu)加強(qiang)面向經營者和(he)使用者的農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)管理(li)相關(guan)法(fa)律知識(shi)和(he)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)安全使用常識(shi)宣傳，農(nong)(nong)業技術推廣部門加強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)民(min)科學(xue)(xue)用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)指導，促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)使用科學(xue)(xue)化(hua)、規(gui)范化(hua)。同時，針對(dui)社會上存在的對(dui)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留恐慌(huang)，以(yi)及談(tan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)色變的心理(li)，加強(qiang)科學(xue)(xue)宣傳，既要(yao)讓人們了解(jie)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留超標的危害，也要(yao)科學(xue)(xue)認(ren)識(shi)，不能片面宣揚農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)危害論(lun)，而應引導公眾科學(xue)(xue)辯證地看待農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留危害問(wen)題。
另一方面(mian)，除(chu)加強農(nong)藥(yao)知(zhi)識普及(ji)之外，還(huan)要加強科(ke)學、高效(xiao)施藥(yao)器械(xie)推廣(guang)、應用(yong)(yong)，提高農(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)，從源(yuan)頭上控制農(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量，避免(mian)濫用(yong)(yong)、不合理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)，這樣才能(neng)真正消除(chu)對農(nong)藥(yao)的片(pian)面(mian)和負面(mian)認識，讓農(nong)藥(yao)發揮其在(zai)農(nong)業生產(chan)中(zhong)的積(ji)極作用(yong)(yong)，農(nong)產(chan)品安(an)全問題才能(neng)真正解決。
