齊魯大地,春意盎然。4月21日一大早,山東省蒼山縣車輞鎮邢家村的農民就聚攏到新建的甜瓜交易市場。這一天,中化化肥有限公司要發布邢家村的測土配方結果,該公司農業專家還要指導農民如何參照測土結果進行科學施肥。
“專(zhuan)家(jia)幫(bang)咱村建起了(le)土地(di)檔案,以后(hou)種地(di)心(xin)里就更有底(di)了(le)。”邢家(jia)村的(de)村書記崔成(cheng)功掩(yan)飾不住心(xin)中的(de)喜(xi)悅。“以前(qian)種地(di)靠經(jing)驗,現在(zai)要講(jiang)究成(cheng)本。前(qian)年我種辣(la)椒化(hua)肥(fei)施多了(le),莊稼(jia)患(huan)了(le)肥(fei)害,錢沒少花可產量卻低了(le)。去(qu)年中化(hua)化(hua)肥(fei)在(zai)俺(an)們(men)村建立了(le)科學施肥(fei)示(shi)范村,專(zhuan)門派人(ren)來地(di)里取土,專(zhuan)家(jia)還經(jing)常(chang)來講(jiang)課。今(jin)天拿到(dao)測(ce)土結果,又聽了(le)專(zhuan)家(jia)的(de)指點,往后(hou)種田就知道(dao)啥叫科學施肥(fei)了(le)!”
邢家村(cun)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)(hua)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)在全國建(jian)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)村(cun)之一。作為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)產品供應(ying)商和(he)分(fen)銷(xiao)商,中(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)(hua)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)業務涵(han)蓋整個(ge)(ge)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)產業鏈,僅分(fen)銷(xiao)點就(jiu)有(you)1370多個(ge)(ge)。但這樣一個(ge)(ge)大型化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)生產、貿易企業,卻(que)將(jiang)相當大的(de)(de)(de)(de)精力投入(ru)到了建(jian)立科(ke)(ke)學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)村(cun)上(shang)。他們從(cong)前(qian)(qian)年(nian)開始就(jiu)著(zhu)手此事,到去(qu)年(nian)底已經建(jian)成(cheng)了175個(ge)(ge)科(ke)(ke)學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)村(cun),而今(jin)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計劃是(shi)要在全國范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍內建(jian)立500~800個(ge)(ge)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)村(cun)。在每個(ge)(ge)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)村(cun),中(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)(hua)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)都(dou)建(jian)起了農(nong)(nong)化(hua)(hua)知識宣傳欄,定期(qi)將(jiang)公司制(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)手冊、口袋書(shu)、明白紙貼上(shang)去(qu)。宣傳欄前(qian)(qian)總是(shi)擁著(zhu)三三兩兩的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民。每到更新時更是(shi)人頭攢(zan)動(dong)。每年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)春耕(geng)秋播,中(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)(hua)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)還要聘請(qing)土肥(fei)(fei)站專家到示范(fan)(fan)(fan)村(cun)講授科(ke)(ke)學耕(geng)種、平衡施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)和(he)辨別真(zhen)假(jia)農(nong)(nong)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識,提高農(nong)(nong)民科(ke)(ke)學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)平及自我保護意識。每次臺下(xia)聽得(de)都(dou)鴉雀無(wu)聲(sheng)。
專家們(men)(men)對農民(min)兄(xiong)弟說,在傳統農業生(sheng)產中,由(you)于科(ke)學平(ping)衡施(shi)(shi)肥意識不(bu)強,你(ni)們(men)(men)的化肥利用(yong)率不(bu)足(zu)30%。這(zhe)不(bu)僅造成了(le)(le)生(sheng)產成本高,還使土壤板結,出現(xian)氮(dan)過(guo)剩、磷富有、鉀缺少、中微(wei)量元素不(bu)足(zu)的現(xian)象(xiang),最終錢沒(mei)少花,肥沒(mei)少施(shi)(shi),力沒(mei)少出,糧沒(mei)多打。農民(min)們(men)(men)一聽(ting)急了(le)(le),那你(ni)們(men)(men)說咋施(shi)(shi)肥才頂用(yong)?
于(yu)是(shi),中(zhong)化(hua)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)員工因勢利導,在(zai)(zai)示(shi)范村現場搞(gao)起了測(ce)土配方。他們從水稻、玉米、小麥、瓜果(guo)、蔬菜等主要農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物開(kai)始。農(nong)(nong)業專家林(lin)繼(ji)雄(xiong)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)田里給農(nong)(nong)民兄弟講了第一課:“對土壤(rang)中(zhong)的(de)有效養(yang)分進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)試,了解土壤(rang)養(yang)分與含量的(de)狀況,這(zhe)就是(shi)測(ce)土;根(gen)據當年種植的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)物預計產量,再根(gen)據作(zuo)(zuo)物的(de)需肥(fei)(fei)規律及土壤(rang)養(yang)分狀況計算出需各(ge)種肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)用(yong)(yong)量,這(zhe)就是(shi)配方。把(ba)所需的(de)各(ge)種肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)合理安排(pai)為基肥(fei)(fei)、種肥(fei)(fei)和追肥(fei)(fei),以及其施(shi)用(yong)(yong)比例和施(shi)用(yong)(yong)技術,就是(shi)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)。”農(nong)(nong)民們聽(ting)罷連連點(dian)頭(tou)說,這(zhe)些(xie)話我們聽(ting)得(de)懂,聽(ting)了也做得(de)到!
到了(le)2006年(nian)下半年(nian),在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)科(ke)院農(nong)(nong)業資源與(yu)農(nong)(nong)業區劃研究(jiu)所(suo)的配(pei)(pei)合下,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)在全國(guo)范圍內建起了(le)測(ce)(ce)土(tu)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)施(shi)肥(fei)服務體系(xi)。體系(xi)由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)—中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)科(ke)院測(ce)(ce)土(tu)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)施(shi)肥(fei)技術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)—中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)科(ke)院測(ce)(ce)土(tu)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)施(shi)肥(fei)實(shi)驗室和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)—中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)科(ke)院測(ce)(ce)土(tu)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)施(shi)肥(fei)服務站3級構成。由農(nong)(nong)科(ke)院多位專家組成的技術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心測(ce)(ce)土(tu)施(shi)肥(fei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心實(shi)驗室,可(ke)以測(ce)(ce)定土(tu)壤中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)、鈣(gai)、鎂、硫、鐵、銅、錳、鋅、硼等(deng)多種元素(su),并可(ke)依據測(ce)(ce)定結果進行推薦施(shi)肥(fei)。
為(wei)使測土配(pei)方施肥(fei)(fei)服(fu)務(wu)能夠直達農戶,中(zhong)化化肥(fei)(fei)在山東臨沂周邊建設了(le)27個服(fu)務(wu)站,并配(pei)備(bei)工具(ju)(ju)、組織(zhi)技術培訓,使服(fu)務(wu)站人員(yuan)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)了(le)開展測土配(pei)方施肥(fei)(fei)工作的各類技能。
截(jie)至目前,中化化肥(fei)—中國農(nong)科院測土配方施肥(fei)體(ti)系(xi)為農(nong)民(min)免(mian)費測試土樣7000多個(ge)。今年的計劃是要為農(nong)戶(hu)免(mian)費測土2萬份。光是經銷商(shang)和種植大戶(hu)幾百(bai)(bai)人參加的培訓會,全國各(ge)地每年要組織幾百(bai)(bai)場。
做值得農民(min)信賴(lai)的(de)農化服務(wu)(wu)專家,這已經成為中(zhong)(zhong)化化肥(fei)農化服務(wu)(wu)的(de)理念。中(zhong)(zhong)化化肥(fei)與中(zhong)(zhong)央人(ren)民(min)廣(guang)播(bo)電臺(tai)合辦的(de)公益性節目(mu)“中(zhong)(zhong)化農業(ye)廣(guang)場(chang)”開播(bo)3年(nian)來(lai),受到(dao)了農民(min)們(men)的(de)一致好評和歡迎(ying);開通(tong)的(de)800免費服務(wu)(wu)電話5年(nian)來(lai)累計接聽超過100萬人(ren)次;“百縣萬場(chang)電影下鄉”活動向無(wu)數農民(min)傳播(bo)了科學種田(tian)知識和技術……
中(zhong)化(hua)化(hua)肥(fei)有限公司總經(jing)理(li)杜克(ke)平表示,在中(zhong)國(guo),化(hua)肥(fei)企業(ye)(ye)具有雙(shuang)重使命,這(zhe)是歷(li)史的(de)(de),也(ye)是現實的(de)(de)。中(zhong)央一號文(wen)件(jian)明確指(zhi)出,推進新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村建設的(de)(de)首(shou)要(yao)任務是建設現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)。中(zhong)化(hua)化(hua)肥(fei)作為國(guo)有骨干(gan)企業(ye)(ye),不僅要(yao)提供好(hao)的(de)(de)化(hua)肥(fei)產(chan)品,還要(yao)從人入手,給農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)提供最需要(yao)的(de)(de)服務,提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)種(zhong)田本領,真(zhen)(zhen)正為農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)致富(fu)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展做實事(shi)、出實力(li),使國(guo)家和廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)都受(shou)益。只有在這(zhe)種(zhong)大好(hao)形勢下(xia),中(zhong)化(hua)化(hua)肥(fei)也(ye)才能得到真(zhen)(zhen)正的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。 |