我國每年使用(yong)除草(cao)劑(ji)(ji)有效成(cheng)分達(da)8萬噸以上,但(dan)(dan)由于不(bu)合(he)理使用(yong),利用(yong)率只有30%~40%左(zuo)右。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使用(yong)超量(liang),不(bu)但(dan)(dan)帶來環(huan)境污染和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)害(hai)事(shi)故發生,而且(qie)造成(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留超標,直接危害(hai)人(ren)民身(shen)體健康,而農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)成(cheng)本居高不(bu)下(xia)的(de)問(wen)題也與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)超量(liang)使用(yong)密切相關。這個問(wen)題已經引起國家有關部門的(de)高度重視(shi)。 記(ji)者近(jin)日從(cong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業部農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)檢(jian)定所獲悉,以“除草(cao)劑(ji)(ji)最低(di)致死劑(ji)(ji)量(liang)使用(yong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(MLHD)”為(wei)(wei)核心(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)《中(zhong)荷合(he)作除草(cao)劑(ji)(ji)使用(yong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)研究(jiu)開發項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)》,已經順(shun)利通過(guo)荷蘭(lan)政府的(de)中(zhong)期(qi)評(ping)估,各項(xiang)工作在有條(tiao)不(bu)紊的(de)進行之(zhi)中(zhong)。此項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)由中(zhong)荷兩國政府達(da)成(cheng)協議,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業部農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)檢(jian)定所和荷蘭(lan)荷豐(feng)公司具(ju)體組織,并(bing)于2004年6月30日開始正式實施,總投(tou)資為(wei)(wei)6000多萬元。北(bei)京、河(he)北(bei)、山東、黑龍江等省藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)檢(jian)所和科研部門等6個單(dan)位參與了項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)具(ju)體實施。
目前已(yi)完成(cheng)了項目儀器設備進(jin)口和使(shi)用(yong)技術培(pei)訓(xun)。2004年,重點(dian)對小(xiao)麥(mai)、玉米、大(da)(da)豆等3種(zhong)作(zuo)物,以旱田使(shi)用(yong)量較大(da)(da)的異丙隆、莠去津、滅草(cao)松(song)、磺草(cao)酮等除草(cao)劑(ji)(ji)為(wei)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)藥劑(ji)(ji),在(zai)至少3種(zhong)主(zhu)要雜(za)草(cao)上進(jin)行了室(shi)內(nei)(溫室(shi))試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan),開發(fa)出一(yi)套適合中國的技術參數和使(shi)用(yong)操作(zuo)規程。在(zai)室(shi)內(nei)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)取(qu)得成(cheng)果的基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上,2005~2006年,重點(dian)在(zai)北京(jing)、山東(dong)、河北和黑龍江等開展了田間試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),進(jin)一(yi)步驗(yan)(yan)證室(shi)內(nei)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)結果,總結出適合當(dang)地(di)生產(chan)實(shi)踐的一(yi)套施藥技術,為(wei)2007年項目大(da)(da)面積的示范和推(tui)廣奠定基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)。
農(nong)業部農(nong)藥檢定所副所長葉紀明介紹說(shuo),預計此項(xiang)目(mu)完成后,將(jiang)初步建立適(shi)合(he)于(yu)我國旱(han)田雜(za)草(cao)防(fang)治(zhi)的“光合(he)作用抑制型除草(cao)劑(ji)最低有效劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)使(shi)用技術(shu)”;將(jiang)項(xiang)目(mu)示范區的光合(he)作用除草(cao)劑(ji)使(shi)用量(liang)(liang)減(jian)少(shao)10%~20%,藥害事故減(jian)少(shao)5%~10%。通(tong)過減(jian)少(shao)除草(cao)劑(ji)使(shi)用劑(ji)量(liang)(liang),提高農(nong)藥利用效率,達到降(jiang)低農(nong)藥對環境(jing)(jing)的污(wu)染(ran),降(jiang)低農(nong)民施藥成本,避(bi)免抗性(xing)雜(za)草(cao)的發生(sheng)(sheng),更好地保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing),促進新農(nong)村建設。
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