今年秋收之際,筆者對運城(cheng)地區(qu)永濟、鹽湖等縣市2007年農(nong)民使用農(nong)資(zi)情況做(zuo)了一次調查,發(fa)現2007年農(nong)資(zi)價格上漲,使農(nong)民種糧成本(ben)加大,收入(ru)減(jian)少。
在2007年運城的農(nong)資(zi)市場上(shang)尿素、復(fu)合肥、過磷(lin)酸鈣(gai)、地(di)膜(mo)等主(zhu)要農(nong)資(zi)價格(ge)均比上(shang)年同期上(shang)漲,其中尿素每噸上(shang)漲了(le)90元,二銨(an)每噸上(shang)漲了(le)300余元,其它農(nong)資(zi)價格(ge)的漲幅都在9%到(dao)20%之間。
種(zhong)糧大戶(hu)劉玉峰給筆者(zhe)算了(le)(le)一筆賬:全家(jia)五口人,種(zhong)了(le)(le)10畝地(di),栽植果(guo)(guo)樹2畝,全年(nian)糧食收(shou)入(ru)6400元(yuan)(yuan),果(guo)(guo)樹收(shou)入(ru)3500元(yuan)(yuan),在村(cun)里打工收(shou)入(ru)4000元(yuan)(yuan),計13900元(yuan)(yuan)。再看支出情況(kuang):農(nong)資方面購種(zhong)子450元(yuan)(yuan),尿素450元(yuan)(yuan),復合肥(fei)550元(yuan)(yuan),農(nong)藥(yao)100元(yuan)(yuan),澆地(di)500元(yuan)(yuan),其(qi)它500元(yuan)(yuan)。全年(nian)種(zhong)地(di)成本2550元(yuan)(yuan)。這(zhe)樣一來,全年(nian)人均收(shou)入(ru)2270元(yuan)(yuan)。這(zhe)只是個粗算,如果(guo)(guo)再加上使(shi)用收(shou)割(ge)機收(shou)麥、旋耕機打地(di)等費用,人均收(shou)入(ru)就更(geng)少(shao)了(le)(le),比上年(nian)收(shou)入(ru)減少(shao)了(le)(le)。
在(zai)黃河(he)灘上(shang),筆者見(jian)到(dao)了(le)種糧(liang)大戶王(wang)大法,他在(zai)黃河(he)灘上(shang)承包了(le)200多畝地(di)(di),主(zhu)要耕(geng)種糧(liang)食,以種小麥為主(zhu),王(wang)大法說:“我(wo)(wo)去年(nian)(nian)種糧(liang)食總收(shou)(shou)入(ru)在(zai)15萬(wan)左右,可(ke)總體上(shang)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)還是比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)減少(shao)了(le),主(zhu)要因素是農(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)格上(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang),我(wo)(wo)的每畝地(di)(di)農(nong)資(zi)(zi)投資(zi)(zi)比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)多了(le)100元左右,化肥(fei)價(jia)漲(zhang)(zhang)、地(di)(di)膜價(jia)漲(zhang)(zhang)、種子(zi)價(jia)漲(zhang)(zhang),我(wo)(wo)這里澆地(di)(di)用柴油機帶動,由于柴油價(jia)格也上(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)了(le)許(xu)多,使我(wo)(wo)的澆地(di)(di)成本(ben)也增加(jia)了(le)許(xu)多。這樣一來,用柴油的拖拉機耕(geng)地(di)(di),收(shou)(shou)割等費用也明(ming)顯增加(jia)。在(zai)種糧(liang)上(shang),我(wo)(wo)的農(nong)資(zi)(zi)投資(zi)(zi)共增加(jia)了(le)近3萬(wan)元。”
這是(shi)(shi)大(da)部分農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶種糧的(de)收支情況,這些(xie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)和(he)上年相比,收入并(bing)沒有(you)明顯(xian)增加(jia)(jia),甚至有(you)所(suo)減少,其主要因(yin)素是(shi)(shi)糧價基(ji)本沒變,產量(liang)沒變,農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收入變化也不大(da),但(dan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資投入每畝增加(jia)(jia)了50到(dao)70元。農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)對筆者說:“前幾年,農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)袋(dai)小麥(mai)換一(yi)(yi)袋(dai)尿(niao)素,但(dan)在(zai)去年買一(yi)(yi)袋(dai)尿(niao)素卻需一(yi)(yi)袋(dai)半(ban)小麥(mai),生產資料(liao)價格的(de)上漲抵消了國家和(he)省里給(gei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)‘一(yi)(yi)免三補’。”
農(nong)(nong)(nong)民群眾面對上漲(zhang)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資價(jia)格也無可奈(nai)何,筆者調查中(zhong)有(you)60%的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶對農(nong)(nong)(nong)資漲(zhang)價(jia)的(de)辦法(fa)(fa)是,減少農(nong)(nong)(nong)資的(de)購(gou)買,降(jiang)低對種糧的(de)投(tou)資,有(you)20%的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶采取的(de)辦法(fa)(fa)是在種麥(mai)時(shi)(shi)候農(nong)(nong)(nong)資漲(zhang)價(jia)高峰時(shi)(shi)少買,到冬季農(nong)(nong)(nong)資價(jia)低時(shi)(shi)再購(gou),進(jin)行追施化肥,只有(you)20%的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶還是不管(guan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資漲(zhang)多少,都要購(gou)買,以(yi)種好糧。對于明年的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資價(jia)格,農(nong)(nong)(nong)民期(qi)盼著能(neng)更合理(li)些,給農(nong)(nong)(nong)民一個公平(ping)的(de)空間。(李勝利)
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