2011年1-5月,雜交玉米種子價格同比上漲10%-18.5%,由于玉米下游飼用、加工需求不斷增加,導致玉米價格趨勢向上,引起種子價格上漲。雜交水稻種子價格同比上漲10%-17%。受異常氣候影響,今年各地的雜交水稻制種均出現不同程度減產,特別是海南、湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江蘇、浙江等地,而在連續兩年制種受災減產的情況下,預計2012年雜交水稻種子供需形勢將會更加緊張。
雜交(jiao)(jiao)玉米種(zhong)子供(gong)過于求局面(mian)持續緩解。2010年(nian)雜交(jiao)(jiao)玉米制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)388萬(wan)畝,較2009年(nian)增加(jia)55萬(wan)畝,但(dan)由(you)于氣候異常使(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)減產15%-20%,共計生(sheng)產種(zhong)子11.5億公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),加(jia)上有效庫存(cun)4.3億公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),2010年(nian)種(zhong)子供(gong)應總量在15.8億公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左右;預計2011年(nian)雜交(jiao)(jiao)玉米種(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)4.9億畝,需種(zhong)量約11.3億公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),將余種(zhong)4.5億公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)以上,仍(reng)屬于供(gong)大于求,但(dan)程度較2010年(nian)有所(suo)緩解。
雜交水稻(dao)供需基(ji)本平(ping)衡。2010年雜交水稻(dao)制種(zhong)面積(ji)150萬畝(mu),較上(shang)(shang)年增加(jia)(jia)13萬畝(mu),同樣受氣候(hou)異常影響,春季(ji)制種(zhong)普遍減(jian)產,共計生產種(zhong)子(zi)2.54億(yi)(yi)公(gong)斤(jin),加(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)有效(xiao)庫(ku)存0.47億(yi)(yi)公(gong)斤(jin)以上(shang)(shang),2010年種(zhong)子(zi)供應總量在3億(yi)(yi)公(gong)斤(jin)左右;預計2011年雜交水稻(dao)種(zhong)植面積(ji)為2.58億(yi)(yi)畝(mu),需種(zhong)量約2.6億(yi)(yi)公(gong)斤(jin)左右,將余種(zhong)0.4億(yi)(yi)公(gong)斤(jin)以上(shang)(shang),總體處于供需平(ping)衡。
制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)本持續上(shang)漲(zhang),以及下游(you)產出作物(wu)價格的(de)提(ti)高。近幾年(nian)(nian)西北雜交玉米每(mei)畝(mu)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)本隨地租、農資、人工等成(cheng)本和糧價水(shui)(shui)漲(zhang)船高,2004年(nian)(nian)每(mei)畝(mu)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)本1200元(yuan)(yuan),2005年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加到1400元(yuan)(yuan),2006-2008年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)至1500-1600元(yuan)(yuan),2011年(nian)(nian)預(yu)計(ji)畝(mu)產值或達(da)2300-2700元(yuan)(yuan),較(jiao)2010年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加500元(yuan)(yuan)。海南雜交水(shui)(shui)稻每(mei)畝(mu)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)本2007-2008年(nian)(nian)達(da)1500-1700元(yuan)(yuan),目(mu)前海南雜交水(shui)(shui)稻制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)畝(mu)成(cheng)本達(da)2300-2400元(yuan)(yuan),較(jiao)去年(nian)(nian)同期(qi)增(zeng)加約400元(yuan)(yuan)。預(yu)計(ji)近兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子價格仍(reng)將呈現上(shang)漲(zhang)的(de)態勢。