一位業內人士說，生物農藥一(yi)般要(yao)兩(liang)天左右才能見效，農民等不及
生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)是直(zhi)接利用(yong)細菌、真菌等生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)活體或(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的活性物(wu)質作為農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，以及人工合(he)成的與天然化合(he)物(wu)結構相同(tong)的農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的國(guo)務院政府(fu)特(te)殊津貼專家王雪(xue)平說，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)具有低毒或(huo)無(wu)毒特(te)性，在中國(guo)對食品安全和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境要(yao)求越(yue)來越(yue)高的社會大背(bei)景下，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的前(qian)景非常廣闊。
專家為生物(wu)農藥(yao)叫好，但在農業實(shi)際應用中卻不叫座(zuo)，農民(min)不愛用，研發公司的市場(chang)打(da)不開(kai)。
藥效慢
“生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)說得(de)好聽，農(nong)(nong)(nong)民用了(le)覺得(de)不實用，這兩(liang)三年(nian)(nian)從來(lai)沒(mei)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)民來(lai)要買生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)。”在山(shan)西太谷縣做(zuo)了(le)20多(duo)年(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)銷售經紀人(ren)的(de)(de)王玉梅說。他多(duo)次參加過縣里舉辦的(de)(de)生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)推廣培訓(xun)，但貨(huo)架上現今(jin)連一種生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)都沒(mei)有。
“我國(guo)禁限了幾(ji)十種高(gao)毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)為生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)騰出發展空間，不(bu)斷完善的(de)無公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)、綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)和有(you)(you)機食(shi)品(pin)標準也使得生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)大有(you)(you)用武之地(di)。”山(shan)西省植物(wu)保護植物(wu)檢疫總站書記方(fang)果說，但(dan)是，“化(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)藥(yao)效(xiao)達到(dao)80%才算及格，而生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)藥(yao)效(xiao)能(neng)達到(dao)80%的(de)不(bu)多，有(you)(you)些甚至只有(you)(you)30%，并(bing)且用量比(bi)化(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)要高(gao)得多，農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶認為這樣的(de)藥(yao)不(bu)行(xing)。”
方果(guo)說，生(sheng)物農藥一般要兩天左(zuo)右才(cai)能見效，農民眼(yan)看(kan)著莊稼被蟲吃，他們等(deng)不及。
推廣難
山西科谷生(sheng)物農(nong)(nong)藥有(you)限公司總經理(li)胡(hu)秋(qiu)義(yi)說，生(sheng)物農(nong)(nong)藥技術(shu)攻堅難，他們公司經多年努力研(yan)制(zhi)成功白僵菌(jun)，但推(tui)廣(guang)多年，至今市場(chang)并沒全面(mian)打開，訂單仍以政府(fu)采購為主(zhu)，影響科研(yan)繼續投入。
農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)檢定所(suo)的相關(guan)負責人(ren)去(qu)年曾表(biao)示，國內登(deng)記(ji)(ji)注(zhu)冊(ce)的生物農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)品種(zhong)占農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)品種(zhong)總(zong)數的13%；產品則僅占農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)產品總(zong)數的3%。
山(shan)西省植(zhi)物保護(hu)植(zhi)物檢(jian)疫總站提供的數據顯示，山(shan)西每年(nian)(nian)使(shi)用農藥達約1萬(wan)噸，生(sheng)物農藥年(nian)(nian)使(shi)用量(liang)不到200噸，占農藥使(shi)用總量(liang)比不足2%。“我國生(sheng)物農藥推廣的力(li)度和市場占有(you)(you)率，與全球(qiu)先進(jin)水平(ping)相比還有(you)(you)一定差距(ju)。”王雪平(ping)說。
價錢貴
廣西八桂農(nong)業(ye)科技有限公司的總經(jing)理助理韋志林說，化(hua)學農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)一畝菜地(di)幾塊錢(qian)(qian)就(jiu)能解決的問(wen)題，生(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)得(de)花十幾塊錢(qian)(qian)，價格經(jing)常要(yao)比(bi)化(hua)學農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)高(gao)出一兩(liang)倍。農(nong)業(ye)公司、規(gui)模大戶(hu)為了保障農(nong)產品質量還(huan)愿意承擔，但(dan)單戶(hu)農(nong)民(min)考慮到(dao)成本，積極性不(bu)高(gao)。
“生物(wu)農(nong)藥要(yao)在害蟲(chong)生長(chang)的(de)特定(ding)時期噴(pen)撒(sa)才會效果(guo)好(hao)，噴(pen)撒(sa)早了或晚了效果(guo)較差，這需要(yao)對蟲(chong)害有準(zhun)確的(de)判斷。施藥難也是導致(zhi)生物(wu)農(nong)藥推(tui)廣(guang)難的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)因素(su)。”山西(xi)太谷縣(xian)農(nong)委(wei)植保站站長(chang)楊俊蕓說。
王(wang)雪平等(deng)專家說，生(sheng)物農藥是(shi)發(fa)達國家正在攻堅(jian)的(de)(de)農業前(qian)沿技(ji)術，目前(qian)中國正處于研發(fa)推廣的(de)(de)投入期。建議各級政府給予政策和(he)資金扶持(chi)加大研發(fa)力度，因地(di)制宜通(tong)過統(tong)防(fang)統(tong)治進行(xing)推廣，同時(shi)加強(qiang)宣傳(chuan)提升對生(sheng)物農藥的(de)(de)認知度。
