4月24日，“史上最嚴”新版《食品安全法》通過。其亮點之一就是針對農藥使(shi)用的問題，其規定，禁止(zhi)將劇毒(du)、高毒(du)農藥用于蔬菜、瓜(gua)果、茶葉和中草藥材等國家規定的農作物。這充分(fen)體(ti)現了我(wo)國對劇毒(du)、高毒(du)農藥嚴厲監(jian)管的決心。
劇毒(du)(du)高毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)危(wei)害(hai)性(xing)是顯(xian)而(er)易見的(de)。近年來，毒(du)(du)生(sheng)姜、毒(du)(du)韭(jiu)菜事(shi)件(jian)頻頻發(fa)生(sheng)，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)濫(lan)用(yong)和農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)留(liu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全、危(wei)害(hai)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)健康已成社會共識。一方(fang)面，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)留(liu)在人體(ti)內，對健康造(zao)成了危(wei)害(hai)；另一方(fang)面，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)留(liu)在土壤和水體(ti)中(zhong)，對環境造(zao)成了污染。也許農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)留(liu)造(zao)成的(de)直接中(zhong)毒(du)(du)事(shi)件(jian)較少，但(dan)長期(qi)食(shi)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)超標食(shi)品(pin)(pin)會損害(hai)人體(ti)健康，早已被科學所證明。
其實，劇(ju)毒(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)不得用(yong)于(yu)蔬菜(cai)、瓜(gua)果(guo)、茶葉和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)，我國已有明(ming)文規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。早(zao)在1997年(nian)5月頒布實施(shi)的《農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管理(li)(li)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)》第26條中(zhong)(zhong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，“劇(ju)毒(du)(du)、高(gao)(gao)毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)不得用(yong)于(yu)防治(zhi)衛生害蟲，不得用(yong)于(yu)蔬菜(cai)、瓜(gua)果(guo)、茶葉和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)”。農(nong)(nong)業部從2011年(nian)起就要求高(gao)(gao)毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)經營單位核(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)規(gui)范(fan)化、購買農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)實名(ming)化、流向(xiang)記錄信(xin)息化、定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)點管理(li)(li)動(dong)態化，做到高(gao)(gao)毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)100%信(xin)息可(ke)查詢、100%流向(xiang)可(ke)跟蹤、100%質量有保證(zheng)。國內各地也早(zao)有類似的規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，比(bi)如《山東(dong)省農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質量安全(quan)監督管理(li)(li)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)》規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，在蔬菜(cai)、瓜(gua)果(guo)、茶葉、中(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)等特色農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生產(chan)區(qu)域和(he)飲(yin)用(yong)水源地保護區(qu)、風(feng)景名(ming)勝區(qu)、自然(ran)保護區(qu)、野(ye)生動(dong)物集中(zhong)(zhong)棲息地以及(ji)當(dang)地政府確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的其他重要區(qu)域內，禁止銷售、使用(yong)劇(ju)毒(du)(du)、高(gao)(gao)毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。
然(ran)而(er)，時至今(jin)日(ri)，相(xiang)關規(gui)(gui)定及要求依然(ran)擋不(bu)(bu)住劇(ju)毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)噴灑在蔬菜瓜果上的(de)(de)腳步。劇(ju)毒(du)(du)高毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)被(bei)(bei)隨意買(mai)賣、濫用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)屢屢發生(sheng)，甚至連國(guo)家明令生(sheng)產和(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)都在隨意出售(shou)和(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。究其(qi)原因，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面，劇(ju)毒(du)(du)、高毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)銷(xiao)售(shou)太過隨意，未按規(gui)(gui)范進行管(guan)理；另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面，生(sheng)物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)難(nan)以推(tui)廣，盡管(guan)我國(guo)生(sheng)物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)發水平與世界相(xiang)當(dang)，但成本高成為(wei)阻礙推(tui)廣的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大難(nan)題，而(er)化學農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)見(jian)效快(kuai)、成本低，單位面積菜地(di)(di)幾(ji)塊錢就能解決的(de)(de)問(wen)題，生(sheng)物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)卻需要十幾(ji)塊錢；再就是，政(zheng)府監管(guan)乏力，一(yi)(yi)(yi)些禁用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)被(bei)(bei)大規(gui)(gui)模超量使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)多年，也不(bu)(bu)見(jian)地(di)(di)方政(zheng)府有所作為(wei)。
此次，“禁止將劇毒(du)、高毒(du)農(nong)藥用(yong)于蔬(shu)菜、瓜果(guo)、茶葉和中草藥材(cai)等(deng)國(guo)家規定(ding)的(de)農(nong)作(zuo)物”入(ru)法(fa)實乃現實之需(xu)。不(bu)僅(jin)是廣大民眾健康之需(xu)，也是順應國(guo)際(ji)大勢(shi)之需(xu)。就國(guo)際(ji)而言，《鹿特(te)(te)丹公(gong)約》、《斯德(de)哥爾(er)摩公(gong)約》、《巴塞爾(er)公(gong)約》和《蒙特(te)(te)利爾(er)議定(ding)書(shu)》，都明(ming)文要(yao)求嚴(yan)格管控劇毒(du)高毒(du)農(nong)藥的(de)生產(chan)使用(yong)。可以說(shuo)，今天的(de)農(nong)產(chan)品市(shi)(shi)(shi)場也是一(yi)個(ge)全(quan)球化市(shi)(shi)(shi)場，時刻面臨國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場的(de)競(jing)爭。況且，現在不(bu)少(shao)國(guo)外優質農(nong)產(chan)品已經來到了我們(men)的(de)身邊。
從這(zhe)個(ge)意義(yi)上(shang)說(shuo)，禁用(yong)劇毒農(nong)藥法律規(gui)范不(bu)可缺，執行(xing)法律也必(bi)須(xu)嚴(yan)。當然(ran)，想要確(que)保劇毒農(nong)藥禁令的(de)順利(li)實施，政府除(chu)了嚴(yan)格執法，對(dui)違規(gui)使用(yong)超(chao)標(biao)農(nong)藥者施以(yi)嚴(yan)懲外，還(huan)必(bi)須(xu)出臺相(xiang)關政策，扶(fu)持更多新型(xing)生態、生物農(nong)藥加快替代步伐，同(tong)時給農(nong)戶發放(fang)補貼資金，讓農(nong)戶用(yong)得(de)起、樂于用(yong)高效(xiao)低毒低殘留農(nong)藥。唯此(ci)，法規(gui)制度善意的(de)初衷才能如期照進現實。
