近日，央視新聞頻道《消費者調查》報道了廣州市增城區內散戶農民使用劇毒農藥的情況。昨日，記者走訪了解到，不少農戶因為天氣等原因，目前仍在使用劇毒農藥。同時，廣州市農業局已成立專案組調查此事，目前暫未發現增城、從化市民有中毒情況，并呼吁廣大農民積極學習農業知識。（《南方都市報》12月8日）
以“口(kou)(kou)感(gan)佳”而(er)深得(de)市(shi)民青睞的(de)“增城遲菜心”，竟被曝使(shi)用(yong)劇(ju)毒農藥，美妙口(kou)(kou)感(gan)的(de)背(bei)后，究竟隱藏多(duo)少舌尖上的(de)隱患，的(de)確令人擔憂(you)。不(bu)過，既然“天(tian)氣太熱，害蟲太多(duo)，根(gen)本殺不(bu)完”，農民使(shi)用(yong)劇(ju)毒農藥，看來(lai)也(ye)是(shi)沒有(you)辦法的(de)辦法。而(er)對(dui)于(yu)農藥的(de)毒性，農戶則回應(ying)“沒問(wen)題，回去拿水洗洗就能吃(chi)，我(wo)們自(zi)己(ji)也(ye)吃(chi)這(zhe)些菜”。使(shi)用(yong)劇(ju)毒農藥，看來(lai)頂多(duo)只(zhi)能怪(guai)農戶缺乏必要(yao)安全種植意(yi)識。而(er)暫未發現市(shi)民有(you)中毒情況，似乎也(ye)佐(zuo)證“吃(chi)了確實沒問(wen)題”。那(nei)么，對(dui)劇(ju)毒農藥的(de)使(shi)用(yong)，是(shi)否(fou)過于(yu)敏感(gan)甚或杞人憂(you)天(tian)呢？
不過，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)留的(de)傷害(hai)，更多(duo)是(shi)日積月累(lei)才引發健(jian)康狀況(kuang)，“暫未發現中毒”，當然(ran)不代表劇毒農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)無害(hai)。既(ji)然(ran)劇毒農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)屬于違規(gui)禁用(yong)(yong)之列(lie)，按照《農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管理條例》規(gui)定：任(ren)何單位和(he)個人不得(de)生產(chan)(chan)、經營和(he)使用(yong)(yong)國(guo)家明令(ling)禁止生產(chan)(chan)或者撤銷登記的(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。那么，使用(yong)(yong)劇毒農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)種菜，恐怕并不能輕描淡寫的(de)歸之于農(nong)(nong)戶無知，僅僅是(shi)農(nong)(nong)戶的(de)經濟(ji)利(li)益訴求，也不足以讓劇毒農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)濫用(yong)(yong)如(ru)此(ci)猖(chang)獗。
事實(shi)上，禁(jin)用劇(ju)毒(du)農(nong)藥，其實(shi)更應采(cai)用源(yuan)頭(tou)管理(li)。例如，從(cong)銷(xiao)售(shou)渠道進(jin)行封堵。然(ran)而，目前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)對劇(ju)毒(du)農(nong)藥雖有禁(jin)用規(gui)定(ding)，但對其生(sheng)(sheng)產和銷(xiao)售(shou)卻(que)缺乏嚴格限(xian)制。于是，劇(ju)毒(du)農(nong)藥生(sheng)(sheng)產與銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)(de)源(yuan)頭(tou)不受約束，最終禍及農(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產種植這一終端環節，的(de)(de)確也在(zai)所難免(mian)。
而除(chu)了劇(ju)毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)源頭，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品的(de)銷售(shou)環(huan)節，也本該有(you)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)關卡，假(jia)如農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)殘(can)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)嚴格到位，超標或違規施用劇(ju)毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)種出的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物，都難以流入(ru)市場，更遑論出售(shou)獲利(li) 了。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)殘(can)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)常常形(xing)同虛設，又何嘗不(bu)是(shi)對劇(ju)毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)濫用行(xing)為(wei)的(de)縱容呢(ni)？可資(zi)對比的(de)是(shi)，僅(jin)僅(jin)因為(wei)外商對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)非常嚴格，出口基(ji)地都不(bu)使(shi)用高(gao)毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，并嚴格控制使(shi)用量。
不難看出(chu)，劇毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)濫用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，其(qi)實(shi)絕(jue)非(fei)某一環節出(chu)了(le)問題，而(er)是整個農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)生產、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)乃至(zhi)監管(guan)鏈條的(de)扭曲與失效。而(er)對(dui)劇毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)全鏈條監管(guan)，早有(you)(you)成(cheng)功(gong)范例。日(ri)本的(de)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)取(qu)締法》規定使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者若是將(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在未(wei)(wei)規定的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物上(shang)、超量使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，將(jiang)(jiang)處(chu)3年(nian)以(yi)(yi)下有(you)(you)期(qi)徒刑或100萬日(ri)元以(yi)(yi)下罰(fa)款(kuan)。而(er)除了(le)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)環節，包(bao)括(kuo)制造(zao)、進(jin)口、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)未(wei)(wei)登記的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，都(dou)(dou)將(jiang)(jiang)受到處(chu)罰(fa)。目前，日(ri)本市(shi)場上(shang)流通的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)90%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)是低毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。同時，日(ri)本對(dui)蔬(shu)菜也實(shi)施了(le)非(fei)常(chang)嚴格的(de)檢查制度。日(ri)本農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)基本都(dou)(dou)加入了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)協。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)必須記錄糧食、果蔬(shu)等產品(pin)(pin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)品(pin)(pin)種、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)次數，收(shou)獲和出(chu)售日(ri)期(qi)等信息(xi)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)協收(shou)集(ji)這些信息(xi)后，為每種農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)分(fen)配(pei)一個“身份證”號(hao)碼，整理(li)成(cheng)數據庫并(bing)開設(she)網頁(ye)供消費者查詢，由此形成(cheng)了(le)對(dui)所有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)的(de)可追溯管(guan)理(li)模(mo)式。違(wei)規使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，幾乎無處(chu)遁形，自然也就沒人敢造(zao)次濫用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
基(ji)于上述視點，禁用劇(ju)毒(du)農藥(yao)，更需(xu)全鏈條的治(zhi)理，除了農戶的自律，農藥(yao)生(sheng)產銷售(shou)，農產品檢測等監(jian)管環節的歸(gui)位，才(cai)算是(shi)對劇(ju)毒(du)農藥(yao)“對癥下藥(yao)”。
