“武大綠洲公司成立16年以來，先后更換了4任老板，資本不斷注入，但市場卻遲遲不見起色，十幾年沒有進行過分紅。生物農藥研(yan)發(fa)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)大(da)，投(tou)(tou)資回報慢，嚴重制約了產業的健康發(fa)展。”武漢(han)大(da)學教授、武漢(han)武大(da)綠洲生物(wu)技(ji)術有限公(gong)司副總(zong)經(jing)理尹(yin)宜(yi)農近日表示。
遭遇推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)難題的生物(wu)農藥(yao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)并非(fei)個(ge)例(li)。前不久，央視《經濟半小(xiao)時》關于生物(wu)農藥(yao)遭遇推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)難的報道(dao)，在生物(wu)農藥(yao)產業(ye)界引起強烈共鳴(ming)。不少生物(wu)農藥(yao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)表示，現在企(qi)(qi)業(ye)面臨種種困難，希望國家能出臺相關政策支持生物(wu)農藥(yao)產業(ye)的發展。
研發投入大推廣應用難
進入21世紀以(yi)來，生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)在全(quan)球呈現快(kuai)速(su)增長(chang)的態勢，2015年(nian)，全(quan)世界用于生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的研發投(tou)資超(chao)過農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)投(tou)資總額的5%，而(er)我國(guo)不(bu)到2%。據統計，2014年(nian)，全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)行業(ye)843家(jia)規模以(yi)上企(qi)業(ye)主營(ying)業(ye)務收入達到3008.41億(yi)元，而(er)其中130家(jia)生(sheng)物(wu)化學農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)及(ji)微生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)企(qi)業(ye)主營(ying)業(ye)務收入僅(jin)為284.34億(yi)元，占比還不(bu)到10%。不(bu)少生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)企(qi)業(ye)的發展狀況讓人擔(dan)憂。
據了解，武大(da)綠(lv)洲是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)昆(kun)蟲病毒(du)殺蟲劑登記品種最(zui)多、資質最(zui)全的(de)(de)(de)生物(wu)農(nong)藥企(qi)業，自成立以來，一(yi)直(zhi)在不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)投入(ru)，也一(yi)直(zhi)在堅守中艱難生存。“生物(wu)農(nong)藥屬于綠(lv)色產(chan)業，也符合國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業政(zheng)策，但就是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)賺錢。只(zhi)見投入(ru)如(ru)流水(shui)，未見效(xiao)益(yi)產(chan)出來，這(zhe)不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)武大(da)綠(lv)洲的(de)(de)(de)困(kun)惑，而且是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)(guo)生物(wu)農(nong)藥生產(chan)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)悲哀。”尹(yin)宜農(nong)無(wu)奈地說(shuo)。
尹宜農(nong)表示，武(wu)漢大(da)(da)學生(sheng)物(wu)學院(yuan)的(de)(de)課題組(zu)從20世紀70年代(dai)開(kai)始，經過(guo)幾代(dai)人(ren)的(de)(de)努力，歷(li)時幾十年搜集(ji)昆蟲病(bing)毒(du)，如今已達680多(duo)種(zhong)病(bing)毒(du)。如果有(you)足夠的(de)(de)資金(jin)投入(ru)，就能(neng)夠開(kai)發出680多(duo)種(zhong)具有(you)針對性(xing)的(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥。但(dan)是(shi)生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥的(de)(de)研發需要(yao)大(da)(da)量資金(jin)投入(ru)，少則(ze)數百萬元，多(duo)則(ze)上億元。因為資金(jin)的(de)(de)原因，它(ta)只能(neng)被“雪藏”，這(zhe)是(shi)件令人(ren)疼心的(de)(de)事情(qing)。
武(wu)漢科(ke)(ke)諾生(sheng)物(wu)科(ke)(ke)技股份有限公(gong)司(si)總(zong)經理李青表示，目前世界上(shang)使用生(sheng)物(wu)農藥(yao)最多的(de)(de)地區是(shi)歐洲，約(yue)占農藥(yao)使用總(zong)量的(de)(de)20%，美國約(yue)占10%，我(wo)國則在2%左右。面(mian)對不景氣的(de)(de)國內市場，科(ke)(ke)諾公(gong)司(si)10多年來得以維系生(sheng)存，主要是(shi)靠海外市場的(de)(de)銷售(shou)。“在我(wo)國生(sheng)物(wu)農藥(yao)叫(jiao)好(hao)不叫(jiao)座的(de)(de)情況下，我(wo)們不能(neng)吊死在國內市場一棵(ke)樹上(shang)。”李青說。
叫好不叫座原因有很多
湖南(nan)惠農(nong)(nong)生(sheng)物(wu)工(gong)程有限公司總經(jing)理(li)卜(bu)雪冰認為(wei)，生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)展較慢(man)，一(yi)方面由(you)于生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)與(yu)化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)相(xiang)比(bi)效(xiao)果(guo)慢(man)、使用成本高，另一(yi)方面由(you)于生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的推廣應用、銷(xiao)售(shou)渠道(dao)不暢通，生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)與(yu)化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)競爭就好比(bi)龜(gui)兔賽跑，實(shi)力相(xiang)差懸(xuan)殊(shu)。如(ru)果(guo)不改變(bian)企業生(sheng)產(chan)熱(re)、推廣應用冷、農(nong)(nong)民(min)不接受(shou)的現狀，生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)會成為(wei)中國農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工(gong)業的短板。在化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方面，我國落后發(fa)達國家幾十(shi)年，如(ru)果(guo)不引起重視，生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)同(tong)樣會落后。
此外，為了(le)提(ti)高生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)的速效性(xing)(xing)、性(xing)(xing)價比，有些生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)違規添加化學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)成分(fen)，使(shi)本就(jiu)不(bu)景氣的生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產業(ye)(ye)雪上加霜。此前，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部通報2015年第二批農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)監督(du)抽查結果(guo)，抽檢的1447個(ge)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)樣品中，有生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產品16個(ge)，質量(liang)合(he)格(ge)率為31.3%，不(bu)合(he)格(ge)原因主要是(shi)非法添加了(le)化學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，或者未檢出標注的生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)成分(fen)。
對此，湖南省(sheng)農(nong)作物病蟲害專業化(hua)統防統治(zhi)服務(wu)聯盟(meng)副主席黃(huang)安輝認為(wei)，發展生物農(nong)藥(yao)必(bi)須接(jie)地氣，一是(shi)抓產(chan)品質(zhi)量，質(zhi)量好(hao)市場才(cai)會好(hao);二是(shi)抓科學普(pu)及，只有種植業者接(jie)受，產(chan)品才(cai)會有市場;三是(shi)抓示范推廣，通過公(gong)司(si)+農(nong)戶、公(gong)司(si)+基地、公(gong)司(si)+協會、公(gong)司(si)+服務(wu)組織等多種形式(shi)，實現產(chan)需對接(jie)，快速打通銷(xiao)售渠道(dao)。
行業想法子政策幫一把
華南農(nong)(nong)(nong)業大學(xue)(xue)教授徐漢虹(hong)指出(chu)，化學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)過量使用不僅造(zao)成生(sheng)(sheng)產成本增(zeng)加，還會影響(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品質(zhi)量安全(quan)和生(sheng)(sheng)態環境安全(quan)。我國(guo)要(yao)實(shi)現農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)減量控害、零增(zeng)長(chang)，必須把化學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)用量降(jiang)下來，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)替代化學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)是(shi)一(yi)個不錯的(de)(de)辦法。關鍵是(shi)國(guo)家需(xu)要(yao)出(chu)臺(tai)鼓勵使用生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)有效措施。他(ta)建(jian)議，在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)推行使用生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)補貼制度，提高種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)使用生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)積極(ji)性，讓種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業者(zhe)得到實(shi)惠，這樣才能(neng)促進種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業者(zhe)在(zai)使用生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)上實(shi)現“要(yao)我用”到“我要(yao)用”的(de)(de)轉變(bian)。
卜雪冰表示，應(ying)(ying)(ying)該將(jiang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥提升到(dao)國(guo)家(jia)戰略(lve)高(gao)度，打(da)破國(guo)際(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)貿易綠色壁壘，擴大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)出(chu)口。國(guo)家(jia)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該出(chu)臺支持(chi)(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的配套政策，一是(shi)在(zai)資(zi)金上給(gei)予支持(chi)(chi)，研(yan)發(fa)資(zi)金、創新(xin)資(zi)金、技(ji)改資(zi)金等向生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥產(chan)(chan)業(ye)傾斜;二是(shi)在(zai)財政稅(shui)收上給(gei)予支持(chi)(chi)，對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企業(ye)在(zai)一定期限(xian)內給(gei)予免稅(shui)或減稅(shui)，提高(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥出(chu)口退稅(shui)，鼓(gu)勵生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥出(chu)口;三是(shi)建立國(guo)家(jia)級生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥研(yan)發(fa)中心、產(chan)(chan)學研(yan)結合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)，加快科技(ji)成果轉化(hua);四(si)是(shi)鼓(gu)勵政府植保公共(gong)平(ping)臺積(ji)極推廣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥，加速農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)推廣應(ying)(ying)(ying)用部門與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥產(chan)(chan)業(ye)融合(he);五(wu)是(shi)加大(da)(da)政府對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥的采購(gou)力度，擴大(da)(da)政府對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥使用補貼范圍。
湖南省植保植檢站(zhan)副站(zhan)長唐(tang)會聯指出，國家應該(gai)加大生(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)推廣應用力度，建(jian)立國家、省、市(shi)、縣、鎮(zhen)、村六級生(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)應用示(shi)(shi)范試驗(yan)區，先在(zai)有機(ji)蔬(shu)菜、水果、茶葉(xie)、中藥(yao)材等(deng)經(jing)濟效益較好的特(te)色(se)作物區域開展示(shi)(shi)范試驗(yan)，再逐步向生(sheng)態農(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)區推廣，促進生(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)的推廣應用。
