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從河北省(sheng)召開的(de)高毒農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)替代(dai)技(ji)術(shu)研討會上獲(huo)悉(xi)，目(mu)前我國(guo)高毒農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)替代(dai)藥(yao)劑在(zai)技(ji)術(shu)、數(shu)量及效果(guo)等方面已能(neng)滿足農(nong)(nong)業植保(bao)需求，但進入市場后(hou)的(de)推(tui)廣(guang)應用速度緩慢，成為制約產業發展的(de)瓶(ping)頸。為此(ci)專(zhuan)家(jia)建議(yi)，各地應加大激勵與示范作用，讓企業和(he)農(nong)(nong)民能(neng)確實在(zai)替代(dai)藥(yao)劑的(de)生產和(he)使用中獲(huo)利(li)，以(yi)此(ci)推(tui)動我國(guo)高毒農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)替代(dai)技(ji)術(shu)發展的(de)進程。

    據介紹，由農(nong)(nong)(nong)業部(bu)種植業管(guan)理司主(zhu)持，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業部(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥檢(jian)定所、全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)技中(zhong)心(xin)和全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)業科研(yan)院(yuan)（所）等(deng)科研(yan)單位及推廣系統正在實(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)、為期(qi)3年的(de)(de)高毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥替(ti)代試驗項(xiang)目(mu)，在高毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥替(ti)代藥劑的(de)(de)抗藥性(xing)(xing)及天敵風(feng)險評估、品(pin)種篩選、示范應用等(deng)方面已(yi)經取得了突(tu)破性(xing)(xing)成果(guo)。但在推廣應用過(guo)程中(zhong)還(huan)有一(yi)些問題(ti)必須盡快解決。

    河北省農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)檢定(ding)所負(fu)責人告(gao)訴(su)記者(zhe)，在高毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)替代(dai)技(ji)術的(de)推廣應用(yong)過程中，替代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)較(jiao)之甲胺磷等高毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)種，存(cun)在殺蟲譜較(jiao)窄、藥(yao)(yao)效(xiao)較(jiao)慢(man)、價格較(jiao)高等不(bu)足。此(ci)外，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民對替代(dai)藥(yao)(yao)劑特性及使(shi)用(yong)方法了(le)解很少(shao)，影響了(le)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)積極性。對此(ci)，中國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業大(da)學李學鋒(feng)教(jiao)授(shou)認為，現在是高毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)禁(jin)用(yong)與(yu)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)替代(dai)的(de)過渡期，成本(ben)、價格及假冒偽劣產(chan)品(pin)(pin)等不(bu)利(li)因素，會隨著科(ke)技(ji)水(shui)平的(de)提高、企(qi)(qi)業產(chan)品(pin)(pin)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)調(diao)整以(yi)及農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)市場(chang)的(de)規(gui)范而逐步化解。但最終應通過經濟(ji)杠桿(gan)激勵(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民使(shi)用(yong)高效(xiao)、低毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，進而刺激企(qi)(qi)業調(diao)整產(chan)品(pin)(pin)結(jie)構(gou)、擴(kuo)大(da)產(chan)能(neng)、降低成本(ben)。

    上(shang)海市農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)檢(jian)定(ding)所高級農(nong)(nong)藝師何翠娟介紹了上(shang)海市高毒農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)替代工作的(de)經(jing)驗。她說，上(shang)海市近幾年對蔬(shu)菜(cai)種植大戶(hu)使(shi)用(yong)品牌委員會推薦用(yong)于蔬(shu)菜(cai)病蟲害防治的(de)低毒、低殘(can)留品牌農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，政府都給予一定(ding)額度的(de)補貼(tie)，以(yi)解決高毒農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)禁用(yong)后給農(nong)(nong)民造成(cheng)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)損失。目前，上(shang)海市已(yi)將(jiang)補貼(tie)范圍擴大到了水稻病蟲害的(de)防治用(yong)藥(yao)，效(xiao)果明顯。

業內人士認為，要想讓高毒農藥替代技術廣泛應用，國家還應該在農藥登記管理上實行政策傾斜，積極引導企業開發高毒農藥的替代品種和研制現有高毒品種的低毒化制劑，并從現有農藥品種篩選高毒農藥替代品種，開發集成配套技術，做好大面積示范推廣。