近年來,南陽市農產品價格總體呈上升趨勢,為農民增收帶來了機遇。然而,農資搭車漲價愈演愈烈,沖蝕了因農產品價格上漲給農民帶來的收益,成為阻礙農民增收的重要因素,農民反應也最為強烈。如何盡快擺脫農資價格上漲對農民增收的制約，是當務之急。
一、農產品(pin)價(jia)格(ge)上漲情況及原因
去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)以來，一些主(zhu)要農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)的供給偏緊，導致價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)大幅(fu)度上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)，從今年(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)(shang)半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)情況(kuang)看(kan)，部分(fen)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)幅(fu)度比(bi)(bi)較高(gao)。目前(qian)，南陽(yang)市小麥平(ping)(ping)均價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)0.75元/斤,比(bi)(bi)去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)15%；油菜籽(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)2.6元/斤，比(bi)(bi)去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)44.4%；中(zhong)稻(dao)平(ping)(ping)均價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)1.00元/斤，比(bi)(bi)去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)47.1%左右；生(sheng)豬價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)元至五月份持(chi)續(xu)高(gao)位運行，平(ping)(ping)均達8.3元/斤，較去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)47.5%；蔬菜價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)幅(fu)度都(dou)在(zai)(zai)20%以上(shang)(shang)。價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)主(zhu)要原因：一是成本(ben)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，現(xian)在(zai)(zai)原油的價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)一路飆升(sheng)，其(qi)他(ta)原材料(liao)的價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)也持(chi)續(xu)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)，推動了農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)料(liao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)的大幅(fu)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)，加上(shang)(shang)勞(lao)動力(li)成本(ben)也在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，因此(ci)使得農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)的成本(ben)大幅(fu)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)；二是需求(qiu)增(zeng)(zeng)加，這幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)，城鄉居民(min)的收入呈(cheng)現(xian)較快增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，進城務(wu)工的農(nong)(nong)民(min)不斷增(zeng)(zeng)加，糧食、肉類消費需求(qiu)逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加，對農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)也有(you)極大的刺激作用。
二、農資價(jia)格上漲情況及原因
今年以(yi)來(lai)，南陽(yang)市農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)普遍上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)，特別(bie)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)用化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)幅度(du)極(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)。據(ju)南陽(yang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)調(diao)隊最近(jin)(jin)調(diao)查表明,普通過磷酸鈣1050元(yuan)(yuan)/噸(42元(yuan)(yuan)/80斤)，漲(zhang)了(le)近(jin)(jin)3倍；碳銨680元(yuan)(yuan)/噸(34元(yuan)(yuan)/100斤),漲(zhang)幅25.9%；國產(chan)(chan)氯化(hua)鉀4000元(yuan)(yuan)/噸，漲(zhang)幅達(da)90.5%；國產(chan)(chan)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)4400元(yuan)(yuan)/噸，漲(zhang)幅達(da)76.0%；其它肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料和農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)漲(zhang)幅都在30%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)的(de)(de)主要原因：一(yi)是(shi)受(shou)(shou)資(zi)源緊缺(que)因素影響，化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成本增加(jia)(jia)，產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)受(shou)(shou)限；二是(shi)運費上(shang)(shang)升；三(san)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民種糧積極(ji)性高漲(zhang)，化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)需求(qiu)(qiu)增大(da)(da)(da)(da)。去年糧價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)，加(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)近(jin)(jin)期(qi)國家(jia)(jia)出臺政策對農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)給(gei)予大(da)(da)(da)(da)力扶持，農(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)種糧積極(ji)性得以(yi)提升，種植(zhi)面積增加(jia)(jia)會(hui)進一(yi)步(bu)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)對化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)，為化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)漲(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)提供了(le)支持；四是(shi)經銷(xiao)商爭搶進貨(huo)加(jia)(jia)劇漲(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)態勢，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)(jia)跟風抬價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。由(you)于預計農(nong)(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)投入能力增強，化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)需求(qiu)(qiu)增加(jia)(jia)，經銷(xiao)商紛紛增加(jia)(jia)進貨(huo)量(liang)(liang)，刺激了(le)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)。但據(ju)業(ye)內人士分析，過去尿素商品庫存(cun)多由(you)經銷(xiao)商提供，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)(jia)基本不(bu)儲肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。但現(xian)在廠(chang)家(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)儲肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，要求(qiu)(qiu)經銷(xiao)商現(xian)款進貨(huo)，以(yi)致市場中貨(huo)物存(cun)量(liang)(liang)減少。因此(ci)，化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)漲(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)“不(bu)排除生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)(jia)有意(yi)炒作的(de)(de)因素”。
三、農資(zi)價格上漲帶來的(de)負面影響
1、農(nong)(nong)(nong)資價(jia)格上漲(zhang)過快，加大了農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產成本(ben)，增加了農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)生產費用(yong)。雖然近幾年國(guo)家對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)加大，給(gei)予的(de)支農(nong)(nong)(nong)惠農(nong)(nong)(nong)政策也(ye)很(hen)(hen)多，但是從(cong)上半年的(de)春耕備播情(qing)況來(lai)看，農(nong)(nong)(nong)資入(ru)戶(hu)率特別是化肥(fei)的(de)入(ru)戶(hu)率很(hen)(hen)低。農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)種田的(de)積極(ji)性(xing)受挫，不敢(gan)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)生產，據對(dui)某(mou)鄉(xiang)鎮農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)調查，由(you)于農(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)化肥(fei)的(de)上漲(zhang)過快，農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)種棉積極(ji)性(xing)受到了極(ji)大的(de)阻力，種植(zhi)棉花肥(fei)料投(tou)(tou)入(ru)較(jiao)糧食(shi)作物(wu)的(de)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)要大得多，導致整個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮植(zhi)棉面積減(jian)少了20%，經濟作物(wu)種植(zhi)跟(gen)不上，農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)持(chi)續增收的(de)形勢也(ye)將面臨(lin)一個(ge)新的(de)挑戰(zhan)。
2、農(nong)(nong)資(zi)價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)漲(zhang)過快(kuai)將抵(di)(di)消農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)漲(zhang)帶來的實(shi)惠。自(zi)2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)以來，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品價(jia)格(ge)開始(shi)上(shang)漲(zhang)，且這一狀(zhuang)態(tai)一直(zhi)持續到今天，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)漲(zhang)也重(zhong)新燃起了(le)農(nong)(nong)民(min)從事農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的積極性，但(dan)農(nong)(nong)資(zi)價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)漲(zhang)過快(kuai)也抵(di)(di)消了(le)不少(shao)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)漲(zhang)帶來的收入。在(zai)南召縣皇路店鎮崗頭(tou)村，重(zhong)點(dian)調查了(le)種糧戶(hu)李(li)大(da)(da)成、王(wang)成、李(li)大(da)(da)柱三戶(hu)村民(min)。這三戶(hu)農(nong)(nong)民(min)，2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)種植(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)平均產(chan)(chan)(chan)值為(wei)942元(yuan)/畝，直(zhi)接生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)成本為(wei)337元(yuan)/畝，每畝地大(da)(da)約用(yong)13個工，一個工大(da)(da)約50元(yuan)，人力投入大(da)(da)約為(wei)650元(yuan)/畝，這樣算(suan)下來種田不如外(wai)出打(da)工合算(suan)；他(ta)們(men)預計(ji)今年(nian)(nian)(nian)種植(zhi)的玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值大(da)(da)約每畝900多元(yuan)，目前直(zhi)接生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)投資(zi)已(yi)達373元(yuan)/畝，農(nong)(nong)資(zi)價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)漲(zhang)太快(kuai)，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)成本加大(da)(da)，再加上(shang)人工費，今年(nian)(nian)(nian)的玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)種植(zhi)效益預計(ji)比去年(nian)(nian)(nian)還低，因農(nong)(nong)資(zi)價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)漲(zhang)幾乎抵(di)(di)銷了(le)一半農(nong)(nong)民(min)應得的實(shi)惠。
3、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價格上漲過快(kuai)，將(jiang)會降(jiang)低農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業投(tou)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)和質(zhi)量(liang)，影響農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入(ru)未來增長潛力(li)。在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價格持續(xu)并且快(kuai)速增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，據(ju)調查，許(xu)多農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)都會對此項支(zhi)(zhi)出持謹慎態度，因(yin)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)一年的(de)(de)(de)(de)純現金收(shou)入(ru)總量(liang)十分有(you)限，如果在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)投(tou)入(ru)過多，則在其它生活方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)入(ru)必須減(jian)少(shao)，因(yin)此許(xu)多農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)特別是低收(shou)入(ru)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)會購買(mai)質(zhi)低價廉的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)品或者不(bu)(bu)購買(mai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)品以減(jian)少(shao)這(zhe)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)現金支(zhi)(zhi)出。另一些農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)將(jiang)會持幣觀望(wang)以期待農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)品不(bu)(bu)再增長或下(xia)降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時機出現時購買(mai)，從而(er)達(da)到減(jian)少(shao)支(zhi)(zhi)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣一來，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)整體投(tou)入(ru)將(jiang)會出現質(zhi)量(liang)和數量(liang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降(jiang)，勢必影響農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)后勁。
4、農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)價格上漲(zhang)過快(kuai)將會弱(ruo)(ruo)化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)稅減免和糧食直(zhi)補(bu)政策(ce)的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)效(xiao)果，降低農(nong)(nong)(nong)村居民對農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)投(tou)(tou)入的(de)(de)未來投(tou)(tou)資(zi)收益預期。分(fen)析當前農(nong)(nong)(nong)民收入增(zeng)長加快(kuai)和從(cong)事農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)積極性(xing)高漲(zhang)的(de)(de)原因，這些(xie)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)很(hen)大部分(fen)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民對農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)稅減免和糧食直(zhi)補(bu)等惠農(nong)(nong)(nong)政策(ce)的(de)(de)良好(hao)預期，但農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)資(zi)料(liao)的(de)(de)持續上漲(zhang)并且(qie)是(shi)快(kuai)速上漲(zhang)則會弱(ruo)(ruo)化(hua)惠農(nong)(nong)(nong)政策(ce)的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)效(xiao)果，也會改變(bian)(bian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民對從(cong)事農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和收入增(zeng)長的(de)(de)良好(hao)預期，從(cong)而(er)給農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收帶(dai)來心理(li)壓(ya)力。
四、對擺(bai)脫農資(zi)價格上漲制約農民(min)增收的(de)建(jian)議
農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產的根(gen)(gen)本(ben)保(bao)障，其價(jia)(jia)(jia)格高低直(zhi)接(jie)影響農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產成本(ben)。雖然現在種糧不用交稅還有補貼，糧價(jia)(jia)(jia)又較前些年有所(suo)提(ti)高，但農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民沒有從(cong)中得到(dao)多大實惠，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民說糧食(shi)漲(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)漲(zhang)“零頭”，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格漲(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)漲(zhang)“塊(kuai)頭”。政策(ce)補貼是(shi)(shi)(shi)有限(xian)的，糧食(shi)最低保(bao)護價(jia)(jia)(jia)和實際收購價(jia)(jia)(jia)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有限(xian)的，而農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格上漲(zhang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無限(xian)的。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格的上漲(zhang)，直(zhi)接(jie)增(zeng)加(jia)了糧食(shi)生產成本(ben)，加(jia)重了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民負擔，影響了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)加(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入的積極(ji)性，是(shi)(shi)(shi)制約糧食(shi)生產發展的最大瓶頸(jing)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)糧食(shi)生產效(xiao)益低下的根(gen)(gen)本(ben)原因。
針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)近(jin)些年農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格上(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)過(guo)快的(de)問題，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)出(chu)臺了一系列政策措(cuo)施，并對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、流(liu)通(tong)企業(ye)(ye)實(shi)行(xing)各(ge)種(zhong)形式的(de)優惠政策與(yu)補(bu)貼，對(dui)(dui)穩定農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格起到了一定作用(yong)。但是，由于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格牽(qian)涉面(mian)廣，影響因素多(duo)，目前(qian)有關方(fang)(fang)面(mian)采取(qu)對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、流(liu)通(tong)等環(huan)節(jie)實(shi)行(xing)各(ge)種(zhong)補(bu)貼方(fang)(fang)式，很難兼顧(gu)各(ge)方(fang)(fang)利益。在原材(cai)料價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格剛性(xing)走(zou)高的(de)情況下，農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)(jia)擔心(xin)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)調控農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格，企業(ye)(ye)虧本太多(duo)；經(jing)銷商擔心(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格回落，買(mai)賣賠本；最(zui)終解決不了農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)(jia)、經(jing)銷商及(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格漲(zhang)(zhang)跌的(de)擔心(xin)。因此，增強農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)承(cheng)受農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格上(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)的(de)壓力，擺脫(tuo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)漲(zhang)(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)不良影響，建議國(guo)家(jia)(jia)應(ying)借(jie)鑒(jian)糧食流(liu)通(tong)體制改(gai)革的(de)經(jing)驗，改(gai)變(bian)現行(xing)的(de)補(bu)貼方(fang)(fang)式，把(ba)對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、流(liu)通(tong)領域的(de)補(bu)貼逐步轉為與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)市場價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格變(bian)化(hua)相掛鉤，對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)實(shi)行(xing)化(hua)肥、農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥、地膜、農(nong)(nong)(nong)機產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)及(ji)排(pai)灌費等農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)和服務的(de)直接補(bu)貼方(fang)(fang)式，增強農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)承(cheng)受農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格上(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)的(de)壓力。
一是建立(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產資(zi)料直(zhi)接補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)機制，增強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)承受農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產資(zi)料價(jia)格(ge)(ge)上漲(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)壓力(li)。具體辦(ban)法(fa)：1、確(que)(que)定(ding)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)范圍。實行普惠制，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是針對(dui)使用農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產資(zi)料種植農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物的(de)(de)全體農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)。2、補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)依(yi)據(ju)和(he)標準。以(yi)近(jin)年(nian)各地實際農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物播種面積(ji)為依(yi)據(ju)，把農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物每畝(mu)化肥平均投放量(liang)作為基(ji)(ji)數(shu)(shu)，測算近(jin)年(nian)來農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)上漲(zhang)(zhang)時對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品成(cheng)本(ben)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)收(shou)入的(de)(de)影響程度，在(zai)此基(ji)(ji)礎上結合各種因素確(que)(que)定(ding)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)額(e)。3、操(cao)作辦(ban)法(fa)。為使直(zhi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)真正落實到農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)頭(tou)上，應建立(li)兩級(ji)管理辦(ban)法(fa)，首(shou)先確(que)(que)定(ding)參加直(zhi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)工作的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)經銷(xiao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)，嚴格(ge)(ge)審查農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)經銷(xiao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)資(zi)質(zhi)條件，再由確(que)(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)經銷(xiao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)給農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)發(fa)放購(gou)肥登記(ji)卡，流通企業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)銷(xiao)售(shou)中要(yao)(yao)(yao)做好購(gou)銷(xiao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務臺帳，詳細記(ji)載每戶(hu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)購(gou)肥品種、數(shu)(shu)量(liang)和(he)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)，并在(zai)銷(xiao)售(shou)發(fa)票中注(zhu)明補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)金額(e)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)簽字認可。其次(ci)糧(liang)食收(shou)購(gou)部門，依(yi)據(ju)購(gou)肥登記(ji)卡和(he)上交產品數(shu)(shu)量(liang)，兌現直(zhi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)數(shu)(shu)額(e)。對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)化肥直(zhi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，可采取先支后補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa)。
二是健全農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)成(cheng)本核(he)算機制，促使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷企業從成(cheng)本管(guan)理和資(zi)(zi)(zi)源優勢方面提高效益(yi)，確(que)保農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)平穩波動。電(dian)力(li)、石油、煤炭等能(neng)源原材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)供應緊張的(de)局面，短時間內難以改變(bian)，成(cheng)本型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)漲將(jiang)不可(ke)避免。因此，健全農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)成(cheng)本核(he)算機制，加(jia)(jia)強對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)出廠價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)和進口價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)成(cheng)本核(he)算監(jian)管(guan)，促使(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)商(shang)從成(cheng)本管(guan)理和資(zi)(zi)(zi)源優勢方面提高效益(yi)；加(jia)(jia)強對(dui)中間銷售環(huan)節加(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)監(jian)管(guan)，促使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)平穩波動。
三(san)是健全農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)資料營銷網絡，減少(shao)農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)資料營銷成本。通過建立(li)大型農(nong)資連鎖超市，實行統一供(gong)貨(huo)、統一包裝、統一標識(shi)、統一銷售，使農(nong)民及時買(mai)到低價、質量有保證農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)資料。有條件的地區可建立(li)“農(nong)資綠色通道(dao)”。
四是繼(ji)續(xu)(xu)加強農業(ye)生(sheng)產資料(liao)價格和(he)質(zhi)量的長期控(kong)制管理(li)，保(bao)(bao)護農民的合(he)法權益(yi)。近年來，國家(jia)和(he)各級政府采取了一系列(lie)的強制措施，加大(da)了對農業(ye)生(sheng)產資料(liao)價格和(he)質(zhi)量的管理(li)力(li)度。政府應該(gai)繼(ji)續(xu)(xu)加強農業(ye)生(sheng)產資料(liao)價格和(he)質(zhi)量的長期控(kong)制管理(li)，依(yi)法打擊不法奸商的投機欺詐行為，切(qie)實控(kong)制農業(ye)生(sheng)產成本的快速上升，以保(bao)(bao)護農民的合(he)法權益(yi)。
五是建立農業生產資料儲(chu)(chu)備(bei)(bei)制(zhi)度。本著“企業儲(chu)(chu)備(bei)(bei)、銀行貸款、政府貼息(xi)、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)運作”的原則(ze)，積極建立化肥(fei)淡季(ji)儲(chu)(chu)備(bei)(bei)、旺(wang)季(ji)銷售制(zhi)度，主要用于(yu)平抑(yi)農業用肥(fei)旺(wang)季(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)價(jia)格(ge)波動(dong)和(he)抗災(zai)救災(zai)。化肥(fei)儲(chu)(chu)備(bei)(bei)資金可由政府協調農發行解(jie)決專(zhuan)項儲(chu)(chu)備(bei)(bei)資金；資金貼息(xi)可以考慮由中央和(he)省財政共同(tong)負擔。
南陽市商務局(ju)
二〇〇八年六月二十五日
