今年1-5月,雜交玉米種子價格同(tong)比上漲(zhang)10%-18.5%,由于(yu)玉(yu)米下(xia)游飼用、加工需求不(bu)斷增加,導致玉(yu)米價格趨勢(shi)向上,引起種(zhong)子(zi)價格上漲(zhang)。雜交水(shui)稻種(zhong)子(zi)價格同(tong)比上漲(zhang)10%-17%。受(shou)(shou)異(yi)常氣候影響,今年各地的(de)雜交水(shui)稻制種(zhong)均(jun)出(chu)現不(bu)同(tong)程度的(de)減產,特(te)別是海南、湖(hu)南、湖(hu)北、江西、安(an)徽、江蘇(su)、浙江等(deng)地,而在連(lian)續(xu)兩年制種(zhong)受(shou)(shou)災減產的(de)情(qing)況下(xia),預計2012年雜交水(shui)稻種(zhong)子(zi)供需形勢(shi)將會(hui)更(geng)加緊張。
雜(za)交玉(yu)(yu)米種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)供(gong)過于(yu)求(qiu)局面(mian)持續緩(huan)解 2010年(nian)雜(za)交玉(yu)(yu)米制種(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積388萬畝,較2009年(nian)增加(jia)(jia)55萬畝,但由(you)于(yu)氣(qi)候(hou)異常使制種(zhong)(zhong)減產15%-20%,共計(ji)生產種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)11.5億公(gong)斤,加(jia)(jia)上有效庫(ku)存4.3億公(gong)斤,2010年(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)供(gong)應(ying)總量在15.8億公(gong)斤左右;預計(ji)2011年(nian)雜(za)交玉(yu)(yu)米種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積4.9億畝,需種(zhong)(zhong)量約11.3億公(gong)斤,將(jiang)余種(zhong)(zhong)4.5億公(gong)斤以上,仍屬于(yu)供(gong)大于(yu)求(qiu),但程度(du)較2010年(nian)有所緩(huan)解。
雜(za)交(jiao)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)供(gong)需(xu)基本平衡(heng) 2010年(nian)雜(za)交(jiao)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)制種面積(ji)(ji)150萬畝,較上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)增加(jia)13萬畝,同樣受(shou)氣候(hou)異常影響,春季(ji)制種普遍減產(chan),共(gong)計生產(chan)種子2.54億(yi)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),加(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有效(xiao)庫存0.47億(yi)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)以上(shang)(shang)(shang),2010年(nian)種子供(gong)應總量在3億(yi)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左右;預計2011年(nian)雜(za)交(jiao)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)種植面積(ji)(ji)為2.58億(yi)畝,需(xu)種量約2.6億(yi)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),將余種0.4億(yi)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)以上(shang)(shang)(shang),總體處于(yu)供(gong)需(xu)平衡(heng)。
制種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)持續上漲(zhang) 近幾年(nian)(nian),西北(bei)雜交玉米每畝(mu)制種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)隨著地租、農資(zi)、人(ren)工(gong)等成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)和糧價水(shui)(shui)漲(zhang)船高,2004年(nian)(nian)每畝(mu)制種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)1200元(yuan),2005年(nian)(nian)增加(jia)到(dao)1400元(yuan),2006-2008年(nian)(nian)增至1500-1600元(yuan),2011年(nian)(nian)預計畝(mu)產(chan)值或達2300-2700元(yuan),較2010年(nian)(nian)增加(jia)500元(yuan)。海南雜交水(shui)(shui)稻每畝(mu)制種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)2007-2008年(nian)(nian)達1500-1700元(yuan),目前海南雜交水(shui)(shui)稻制種(zhong)(zhong)每畝(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)達2300-2400元(yuan),較去年(nian)(nian)同期(qi)增加(jia)約400元(yuan)。預計近兩年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)子價格仍將呈現上漲(zhang)的態勢。