目前我國擁有農藥企(qi)業(ye)2400多(duo)家,預計2011年農(nong)藥產(chan)量(liang)可達250萬噸左右(you),而國內(nei)需求總量(liang)約(yue)為30.8萬噸。產(chan)能過剩(sheng)嚴重,出口成(cheng)為了大部分農(nong)藥企(qi)業(ye)消化過剩(sheng)產(chan)能的主(zhu)要途徑。
近年來大環境對我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥出口(kou)有利,一(yi)是國(guo)際(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)價格進一(yi)步(bu)提高(gao),將(jiang)刺激(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物種植面(mian)積進一(yi)步(bu)擴(kuo)(kuo)大,導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥市場需求擴(kuo)(kuo)大;二是不少企(qi)(qi)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)和規(gui)模不斷提升(sheng),而同(tong)類型(xing)產品(pin)價格與跨國(guo)公(gong)(gong)司比便宜很多,競爭(zheng)優(you)勢明顯(xian);三(san)(san)是我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥國(guo)際(ji)影響力(li)(li)逐步(bu)加強(qiang),據測(ce)算,我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥生(sheng)產量(liang)已占世界的(de)1/3以(yi)上。當然,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥出口(kou)也面(mian)臨新的(de)挑戰。國(guo)內(nei)方面(mian),一(yi)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥產能過剩,部分大宗產品(pin)產能嚴(yan)重過剩;二是同(tong)質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)嚴(yan)重,包括產品(pin)同(tong)質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)、出口(kou)市場同(tong)質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua);三(san)(san)是惡(e)性競爭(zheng)。國(guo)外(wai)方面(mian),一(yi)是人(ren)民幣匯率壓力(li)(li),今(jin)年人(ren)民幣在過去的(de)11個交(jiao)易(yi)日里(li)升(sheng)值了(le)1.5%;二是國(guo)外(wai)如泰國(guo)、巴西等國(guo)的(de)新法規(gui)幾(ji)乎(hu)就是針對中(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥企(qi)(qi)業和產品(pin)的(de),對中(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥的(de)出口(kou)起(qi)遏制作用(yong);三(san)(san)是反傾(qing)銷、反補貼等貿易(yi)摩擦風險很大;四是國(guo)際(ji)公(gong)(gong)約對中(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥企(qi)(qi)業的(de)壓力(li)(li)越來越大,將(jiang)重點被(bei)禁、限用(yong)的(de)品(pin)種有硫(liu)丹、甲草(cao)胺、涕滅(mie)威和百草(cao)枯(制劑)等。
農藥出口是支撐我國農藥產業快速增長、農藥市場快速擴張的主要動力,也是實現我國從農藥大國向農藥強國轉變的必由之路。目前,境外登記是我國農藥走向國際的最大瓶頸和困難,但要真正走向國際,必須開展農藥國際登記的工作,并在境外建立辦事機構,提供技術和售后服務,唯有這樣,中國農藥才能真正在國外扎根。我國出口農藥主要以原藥(包括母液)為主,大約占出口總量的60%,因在國外只有原產地登記,而沒有產品登記,大部分利潤被跨國公司或中間商賺取。自2005年以來,我國農藥出口逐年增長,2009年受金融危機的影響,出口貿易額有所下降,但2010年的出口總量和出口總金額均恢復增長。這是因為我們的出口企業及時掌握了詳實的信息,牢牢抓住出口時機。2010年我國出口額增長最快的品種為:烯丙菊酯、抑芽丹、烯丙酰草胺、吡蚜酮、吡嘧磺隆、乙蟲腈、唑草胺、煙嘧磺隆、氟草隆、嘧菌酯、甜菜寧、蕓薹素、啶酰菌胺、氟蟲雙酰胺、炔螨特、砜嘧磺隆、噁霜靈、丙草胺、氨磺樂靈、仲丁靈、吡唑醚菌酯、氟環唑、威百畝、甜菜安、烯酰嗎啉、乙氧呋草黃、吡蟲啉、硫線磷、甲基硫菌靈、溴螨酯、己唑醇、氯(lv)氧(yang)化銅、異丙甲草胺、抗蚜威、撲(pu)草凈、四螨嗪(qin)、噻蟲(chong)嗪(qin)、代森(sen)鋅、莠滅凈、雙草醚、氧(yang)化亞銅、三(san)乙膦酸銅等。
據海關數據顯示,2010年我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)出(chu)口量(liang)為(wei)121.63萬噸,比上(shang)年同(tong)期(qi)增加14.3%,出(chu)口金額為(wei)48.48億(yi)美元(yuan),比上(shang)年同(tong)期(qi)增加13.8%。但我們沒做到國(guo)內(nei)市場(chang)和國(guo)際(ji)市場(chang)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)協調發展(zhan)。業(ye)內(nei)專家認(ren)為(wei),中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)在(zai)進(jin)軍(jun)國(guo)際(ji)市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時,必(bi)須(xu)要(yao)有(you)自己的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)跨(kua)(kua)國(guo)公(gong)司。中國(guo)已成(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)球最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)非專利農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)生產國(guo),雖然(ran)每(mei)年有(you)龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)出(chu)口量(liang),但中國(guo)仍(reng)然(ran)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)銷售(shou)弱國(guo),中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)出(chu)口額僅占全(quan)球農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)市場(chang)份額的(de)(de)(de)8%左右。而中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)跨(kua)(kua)國(guo)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)建立,首先要(yao)獲得政(zheng)(zheng)府在(zai)創新研發、GLP(良好實驗室)建設、資金貸(dai)款(kuan)、政(zheng)(zheng)策扶持等方面的(de)(de)(de)支持,并(bing)且要(yao)進(jin)行跨(kua)(kua)地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)資源整(zheng)合,通過兼并(bing)與重組,形成(cheng)外(wai)銷收入在(zai)幾十億(yi)至上(shang)百(bai)億(yi)元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)跨(kua)(kua)國(guo)公(gong)司。
國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)大中(zhong)型農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業通常(chang)在做好國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)以(yi)(yi)后(hou),都在考(kao)慮向海外市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)擴張以(yi)(yi)釋放過剩的產(chan)(chan)(chan)能。這樣,國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)激烈的市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng)又輸出(chu)(chu)到(dao)了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外,國(guo)(guo)(guo)外客(ke)戶(hu)隨(sui)后(hou)將競(jing)爭(zheng)的壓力(li)毫無保留(liu)地(di)彈回到(dao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業。為了(le)保住客(ke)戶(hu)和(he)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)企(qi)業一(yi)再降低自己(ji)的利(li)潤空間(jian),使行業的利(li)潤率(lv)每況愈下。關于中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)如何更好地(di)進入國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),農(nong)(nong)業部農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)檢(jian)定所葉貴標處長(chang)提出(chu)(chu),農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業要實(shi)現(xian)三個轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian),一(yi)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)角色的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian),即(ji)從原(yuan)材料(原(yuan)藥(yao)(yao))供(gong)應(ying)者(zhe)向終端(duan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(制劑)供(gong)應(ying)者(zhe)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian);二(er)是(shi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)位(wei)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian),即(ji)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)到(dao)低端(duan)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為主向高(gao)端(duan)發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian);三是(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)方式(shi)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian),即(ji)以(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)數量增長(chang)為主向出(chu)(chu)口(kou)質量和(he)品(pin)牌轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)。