2月16日(ri)出(chu)版的(de)《求(qiu)是》雜志今年(nian)第4期將發表中共中央(yang)(yang)政治局常委、國(guo)務院總理李克(ke)強的(de)文(wen)章，題為(wei)《以改革創新(xin)為(wei)動力 加快推進農業現(xian)代(dai)化》。這篇文(wen)章選自李克(ke)強2014年(nian)12月22日(ri)在中央(yang)(yang)農村工(gong)作會議上的(de)講話(hua)。

   文(wen)章分三(san)個部(bu)(bu)(bu)分。文(wen)章第一(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分深刻闡明加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)農業(ye)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)是現實(shi)與歷史(shi)的重(zhong)大(da)任務(wu)。從現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)建設一(yi)般(ban)規(gui)律、穩定經(jing)濟增(zeng)長(chang)和(he)促進(jin)(jin)農業(ye)長(chang)期持續發展(zhan)看，都迫切需(xu)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)農業(ye)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)。文(wen)章第二部(bu)(bu)(bu)分指出，要(yao)(yao)因地制(zhi)宜，突出重(zhong)點，依(yi)靠改革(ge)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)農業(ye)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)。要(yao)(yao)大(da)力(li)發展(zhan)農業(ye)產業(ye)化(hua)(hua)，積(ji)極發展(zhan)多(duo)(duo)種形式適度規(gui)模經(jing)營，促進(jin)(jin)農業(ye)可持續發展(zhan)，加(jia)(jia)大(da)農業(ye)政策支(zhi)持和(he)資金投入力(li)度，用好(hao)兩個市場兩種資源(yuan)。文(wen)章第三(san)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分強調，要(yao)(yao)發揮好(hao)新型城鎮化(hua)(hua)對農業(ye)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)的輻(fu)射帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)作用。解決好(hao)“三(san)個1億人”問(wen)題，積(ji)極推(tui)(tui)動(dong)以城帶(dai)(dai)鄉、以工促農，多(duo)(duo)渠道(dao)促進(jin)(jin)農民增(zeng)收，深入推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)新農村(cun)(cun)建設，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)農村(cun)(cun)扶貧開發。

   核心要點：

   ■ 農為邦本(ben)，農業現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)是國(guo)家現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)的基礎和(he)支撐(cheng)。由于受(shou)自然條件影響大，又要(yao)從外部導入現(xian)代要(yao)素，農業現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)的制約因素更(geng)多、過程更(geng)復(fu)雜，是現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)的“慢變量”，更(geng)是“關鍵變量”。農業現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)的狀況如何，很(hen)大程度(du)上決定著(zhu)整個國(guo)家現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)的進程。

   ■ 推(tui)進農(nong)業現(xian)代化建設，必須緊緊圍繞保障(zhang)國家糧食安全這個(ge)核心(xin)任(ren)務(wu)，牢牢把(ba)握“中國特色”和“新型”這兩個(ge)基本要(yao)求。

   ■ 新時期調整(zheng)農業結(jie)構、發展(zhan)農業產業化，要(yao)有新思(si)路、新視野、新辦法。一(yi)要(yao)由“生產導向(xiang)(xiang)”向(xiang)(xiang)“消(xiao)費導向(xiang)(xiang)”轉變。二要(yao)由單純在耕地上(shang)想辦法到面向(xiang)(xiang)整(zheng)個國土資(zi)源做(zuo)文章。三要(yao)構建優(you)勢區域布局(ju)和(he)專業生產格局(ju)。四要(yao)加(jia)快推進農牧結(jie)合。

   ■ 不管財力(li)多緊張，都要(yao)確保農(nong)業投(tou)入只增不減，財政預算(suan)要(yao)繼續(xu)把農(nong)業作為重點來安排。重點支持(chi)農(nong)業基礎設施建設、結構調整、可持(chi)續(xu)發展(zhan)、產糧大縣和農(nong)民增收等。

   ■ 農業現代化(hua)和新(xin)型城鎮化(hua)是相輔相成的(de)手拉手的(de)關系，誰也(ye)(ye)離(li)不開(kai)誰。沒(mei)有新(xin)型城鎮化(hua)創造條件、輻射(she)帶(dai)動，農業現代化(hua)就難以(yi)推(tui)進。沒(mei)有農業現代化(hua)提(ti)供農產品等保障，新(xin)型城鎮化(hua)也(ye)(ye)難以(yi)持(chi)續。

   2014年，面對國(guo)內外經濟環境復雜(za)、自然災害較重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)嚴峻挑(tiao)戰(zhan)，在黨(dang)中(zhong)央、國(guo)務(wu)院正確領導和(he)各方面共(gong)同(tong)努力下，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村保(bao)持(chi)了平穩發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)良好(hao)(hao)勢頭(tou)。糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)產量(liang)實現(xian)“十一連(lian)增(zeng)(zeng)”，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收實現(xian)“十一連(lian)快”，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村民(min)生(sheng)改(gai)善取(qu)得重(zhong)(zhong)大進展(zhan)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村改(gai)革加(jia)快推(tui)進，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村社(she)會和(he)諧穩定，為做好(hao)(hao)全局工作(zuo)(zuo)提(ti)供了支撐、增(zeng)(zeng)添(tian)了底氣(qi)。當前和(he)今(jin)后一個時期，進一步鞏固和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村好(hao)(hao)形(xing)勢，既(ji)具有十分重(zhong)(zhong)大的(de)意(yi)義，也面臨(lin)很多(duo)前所未有的(de)困(kun)難和(he)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。必須按照(zhao)黨(dang)的(de)十八(ba)大要(yao)求，堅(jian)定不移地(di)走中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化道(dao)路。在我(wo)們這樣一個有13億多(duo)人口(kou)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)大國(guo)，民(min)以食(shi)(shi)為天(tian)，要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)把保(bao)障國(guo)家糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)安全作(zuo)(zuo)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化的(de)首要(yao)任務(wu)，確保(bao)谷物(wu)基(ji)本自給(gei)、口(kou)糧(liang)絕(jue)對安全。

   一(yi)、加快推進農業現(xian)代(dai)化是現(xian)實與歷史(shi)的重大(da)任(ren)務

   農(nong)業現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)是(shi)農(nong)業發展的(de)(de)根本方向。當前我國正處在全面建成小康社會、加(jia)快推進社會主義現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)關鍵時(shi)期，農(nong)業發展的(de)(de)環境條件和內(nei)部動(dong)因(yin)發生(sheng)深刻(ke)變化(hua)(hua)，加(jia)快推進農(nong)業現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)更為重要(yao)和緊(jin)迫。對此，我們要(yao)深入認識、科學把握。

   （一(yi)(yi)）從(cong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建設一(yi)(yi)般規律看，迫切需要加(jia)快推(tui)進(jin)農業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。農為邦本，農業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎和(he)支撐。由于受自然條件影響大(da)(da)(da)(da)，又要從(cong)外部(bu)導入(ru)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)要素(su)，農業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制約(yue)因(yin)素(su)更多、過(guo)程(cheng)更復(fu)雜，是(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“慢變(bian)量”，更是(shi)“關鍵變(bian)量”。農業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況如何(he)，很大(da)(da)(da)(da)程(cheng)度上(shang)決定著整個(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)程(cheng)。環顧當今世界，那些(xie)經濟(ji)發達(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家，農業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)平也高，而那些(xie)農業(ye)落(luo)后(hou)、農民貧困的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家，沒有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)真正實現(xian)(xian)(xian)了現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。這些(xie)年我國(guo)(guo)(guo)農業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)雖有(you)長足發展，但(dan)與(yu)迅速推(tui)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、城鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)比仍然滯(zhi)后(hou)，成為現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)出“短板”。與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際先進(jin)水(shui)平相(xiang)比，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)農業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)還有(you)很大(da)(da)(da)(da)差距(ju)。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)十八大(da)(da)(da)(da)提出了 “四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步”發展戰略，農業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)這個(ge)(ge)“短板”越早補齊越好，不(bu)然就會拖整個(ge)(ge)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)腿(tui)。

   （二(er)）從穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長看，迫切需要(yao)(yao)加快推(tui)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。我國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發展進(jin)(jin)入新常態，經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長從高(gao)(gao)速轉(zhuan)向中高(gao)(gao)速，在(zai)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)許多積(ji)極變化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)下(xia)行(xing)壓力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷加大(da)(da)。穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長，首先要(yao)(yao)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，否則就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)能出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速走低、供給不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)、物價(jia)走高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利局面(mian)。2014年，面(mian)對嚴峻復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)內外形勢，我國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發展實現(xian)(xian)了(le)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)中有進(jin)(jin)，國(guo)(guo)內生產(chan)總值增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速在(zai)全球主要(yao)(yao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)中最(zui)高(gao)(gao)，居(ju)民(min)消費(fei)(fei)(fei)價(jia)格指數增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)幅在(zai)主要(yao)(yao)新興經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)中最(zui)低。我們(men)能交出(chu)(chu)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)份“成績單”，糧食和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)豐收(shou)功不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)沒。這(zhe)(zhe)使我們(men)避免了(le)一(yi)些國(guo)(guo)家出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速下(xia)來(lai)了(le)，而食品漲(zhang)價(jia)過快導致通(tong)脹水(shui)平上升，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)保增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)物價(jia)之間進(jin)(jin)行(xing)艱難平衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)動(dong)局面(mian)。只要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)能穩(wen)(wen)(wen)住，經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速在(zai)合理區間內略低一(yi)點，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)出(chu)(chu)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。但農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)長期(qi)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)住，必須(xu)加快推(tui)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，這(zhe)(zhe)對穩(wen)(wen)(wen)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長調(diao)結構惠民(min)生有著多重(zhong)作(zuo)用、多種貢(gong)獻。挖掘農(nong)(nong)(nong)村居(ju)民(min)消費(fei)(fei)(fei)潛(qian)(qian)力(li)，可(ke)(ke)以更(geng)好(hao)地發揮消費(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)作(zuo)用。農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消費(fei)(fei)(fei)群體(ti)，消費(fei)(fei)(fei)層次與現(xian)(xian)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)品檔次和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)水(shui)平比較(jiao)契合，通(tong)過推(tui)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)，可(ke)(ke)以激活農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)潛(qian)(qian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)消費(fei)(fei)(fei)需求，為產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構調(diao)整升級提供時間和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)余地。用好(hao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村投(tou)資空間，可(ke)(ke)以更(geng)好(hao)發揮投(tou)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵作(zuo)用。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村基礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)公(gong)共服務落后，加快這(zhe)(zhe)些方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)，既能帶來(lai)巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)投(tou)資需求，也(ye)有助于消化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼鐵、水(shui)泥(ni)等過剩產(chan)能，還(huan)能增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機會(hui)。做(zuo)大(da)(da)做(zuo)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，可(ke)(ke)以培育(yu)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長點。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈條(tiao)長，產(chan)前、產(chan)中、產(chan)后各環節都有很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展潛(qian)(qian)力(li)，通(tong)過推(tui)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，可(ke)(ke)以形成很(hen)多新產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、新業(ye)(ye)(ye)態、新模式(shi)，有力(li)促進(jin)(jin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長、結構優化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)民(min)生改善。

   （三）從促進農業長期持續發展看，迫切需要加快推進農業現代化。目前我國農業持續發展面臨兩個“天花板”、兩道“緊箍咒”。這些年農業連續增產，提高價格、增加補貼這兩個政策工具發揮了關鍵作用。但目前國內主要農產品價格已高于進口價格，繼續提價遇到“天花板”；農業補貼中有的屬于“黃箱”政策范疇，受到世貿組織規則限制，部分補貼繼續增加也遇到“天花板”。農業生產成本還處在上升通道，“地板”在抬升，包括人工、農機作業、土地流轉等費用上漲很快，種子、化肥、農藥等價格也不便宜。除了兩個“天花板”外，生態環境和資源條件這兩道“緊箍咒”也嚴重束縛農業長遠發展。我們主要依靠自己力量解決了13億多人口的吃飯問題，確實很了不起，但也付出了巨大代價。生態環境嚴重受損、承載能力越來越接近極限，資源開發利用強度過大、弦繃得越來越緊。大量使用化肥、農藥、農膜等化學產(chan)(chan)品，不僅(jin)使地越(yue)種越(yue)薄，還帶來嚴重的(de)面源污(wu)(wu)染、白色污(wu)(wu)染，再加上工業(ye)污(wu)(wu)染和(he)生活垃圾污(wu)(wu)染等，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村環(huan)(huan)境問題(ti)愈發嚴峻，嚴重危及農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)持(chi)續(xu)(xu)發展(zhan)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質量(liang)安全。與此同時，隨著工業(ye)化、城(cheng)鎮化推進(jin)，耕地不僅(jin)數量(liang)在(zai)減少、質量(liang)也(ye)在(zai)下降，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)用(yong)水缺口(kou)呈擴大(da)之勢，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)資(zi)(zi)源約束也(ye)在(zai)日益增強。兩個“天花(hua)板”在(zai)頂、兩道“緊箍(gu)咒(zhou)”在(zai)身，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)靠什么持(chi)續(xu)(xu)穩定發展(zhan)？別無(wu)他(ta)途，只能加快推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現代化，促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)方式(shi)轉(zhuan)變，從依靠拼(pin)資(zi)(zi)源消耗、拼(pin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)投入、拼(pin)生態環(huan)(huan)境的(de)粗放經營，盡快轉(zhuan)到注重提(ti)高質量(liang)和(he)效益的(de)集(ji)約經營上來。

   推進農業現(xian)(xian)代化建(jian)設，必須緊緊圍繞保障國(guo)家糧食安全這個核心(xin)任務(wu)，牢(lao)牢(lao)把握“中國(guo)特色(se)”和(he)“新型(xing)”這兩個基本要求。要積極運用(yong)現(xian)(xian)代科技成果(guo)和(he)可(ke)持續(xu)發展(zhan)理念，大(da)力創(chuang)新生產經(jing)營方式，不斷提高土(tu)地產出(chu)率(lv)、資源利(li)用(yong)率(lv)、勞動生產率(lv)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)集約節約、可(ke)持續(xu)發展(zhan)。我國(guo)幅員遼(liao)闊，東西南(nan)北差(cha)異很(hen)大(da)，各地生產力水平不盡相同，農業現(xian)(xian)代化不能一個模式齊步走(zou)，各地要因(yin)地制宜、大(da)膽探索、積極實(shi)踐，形成全國(guo)多(duo)(duo)路徑、多(duo)(duo)形式、多(duo)(duo)層次推進農業現(xian)(xian)代化的格局。

   二、因地(di)制宜，突出重點，依靠改革(ge)加快推進農業現代化

   改革(ge)創新(xin)是發(fa)展(zhan)的根本(ben)動(dong)力。過(guo)去我國農(nong)業發(fa)展(zhan)取得巨大成就，靠的是改革(ge)創新(xin)。今后(hou)加(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)進農(nong)業現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)，仍(reng)然(ran)要(yao)靠改革(ge)創新(xin)。加(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)業現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)，既涉及生產力發(fa)展(zhan)，也涉及生產關系變革(ge)，要(yao)堅持一切從實際(ji)出(chu)發(fa)，把(ba)握方(fang)向，突(tu)出(chu)重點，有(you)序推(tui)進。

   （一）大力發展(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)。糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)這根(gen)弦決不(bu)(bu)能放(fang)松，否則糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)一旦(dan)出(chu)現大的滑坡，好多年都(dou)(dou)緩不(bu)(bu)過來。在(zai)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)問題上，首先(xian)要算好安(an)全(quan)賬，確保國(guo)家(jia)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)，但也得考慮(lv)經(jing)濟賬，并不(bu)(bu)是越多越好。凡(fan)事都(dou)(dou)有個度，過猶不(bu)(bu)及。近(jin)些年糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)庫存不(bu)(bu)斷增(zeng)加(jia)，倉(cang)容(rong)緊張，財政負擔(dan)沉(chen)重。農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)也要按市(shi)場(chang)規(gui)律辦事、講求經(jing)濟效益(yi)，不(bu)(bu)然農(nong)民沒積極(ji)性、國(guo)家(jia)也負擔(dan)不(bu)(bu)起，就難以持續。現在(zai)看(kan)，在(zai)穩定糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)的基(ji)礎上，確有必要認真(zhen)研(yan)究和推(tui)進農(nong)業(ye)(ye)結構調整，加(jia)快發展(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)，促進一二(er)三產(chan)業(ye)(ye)融合(he)互動，提高農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的質量和效益(yi)。

   新時期調整(zheng)(zheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)結(jie)構(gou)、發(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)化，要(yao)(yao)有(you)新思路、新視野、新辦(ban)法(fa)。一要(yao)(yao)由“生產導(dao)向”向“消(xiao)費導(dao)向”轉變(bian)。現在人們不僅要(yao)(yao)吃(chi)飽還(huan)要(yao)(yao)吃(chi)好，越來(lai)越關注 “舌尖上(shang)的(de)安全”、“舌尖上(shang)的(de)美味”。要(yao)(yao)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)瞄(miao)準市場需求(qiu)，適應消(xiao)費者選擇(ze)，增加(jia)市場緊(jin)缺和適銷對路產品生產，大力(li)發(fa)展綠色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、特色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)和品牌(pai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)。二要(yao)(yao)由單純在耕地(di)上(shang)想辦(ban)法(fa)到面向整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)國土資源做文章。我國耕地(di)資源有(you)限，但有(you)著(zhu)廣(guang)袤(mao)的(de)山區、林(lin)地(di)、草(cao)原、海洋等(deng)，物(wu)種(zhong)等(deng)資源豐富，要(yao)(yao)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)念好“山海經(jing)”，唱好“林(lin)草(cao)戲”，打好“果(guo)蔬牌(pai)”，挖掘各種(zhong)資源生產潛力(li)。三要(yao)(yao)構(gou)建優(you)(you)勢(shi)區域(yu)布局(ju)和專業(ye)(ye)生產格(ge)局(ju)。加(jia)強(qiang)科學(xue)規(gui)劃、政策(ce)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)，依(yi)靠市場力(li)量推(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產不斷向優(you)(you)勢(shi)區域(yu)集中，打造(zao)優(you)(you)勢(shi)產業(ye)(ye)帶，提高產業(ye)(ye)集中度。四要(yao)(yao)加(jia)快推(tui)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧結(jie)合。在有(you)條件的(de)地(di)方開展糧改飼(si)試點(dian)，逐(zhu)步(bu)把糧食、經(jing)濟(ji)作物(wu)二元結(jie)構(gou)改成(cheng)糧食、經(jing)濟(ji)作物(wu)、飼(si)料作物(wu)三元結(jie)構(gou)。

   推(tui)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構調(diao)整(zheng)、發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)，要(yao)在“內外(wai)聯動(dong)”上下(xia)功(gong)夫。要(yao)把(ba)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)、價值鏈(lian)等(deng)現(xian)代產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)理念和(he)(he)組織方式引入(ru)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，延(yan)伸產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)、打造供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)、形成全(quan)(quan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)，完善(shan)利益(yi)(yi)聯結(jie)機(ji)制，讓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民從產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)增值中獲取更多利益(yi)(yi)。重點抓好(hao)三(san)件(jian)事。一(yi)是(shi)抓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品轉化(hua)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)。主產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區往外(wai)調(diao)“原”字號(hao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品，不利于(yu)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)增值增效，也(ye)加(jia)重運輸負擔。要(yao)支持(chi)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區發(fa)展(zhan)畜牧業(ye)(ye)(ye)、糧(liang)食(shi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品精深(shen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)。主產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區調(diao)出糧(liang)食(shi)是(shi)貢(gong)獻，調(diao)出肉蛋(dan)奶、調(diao)出加(jia)工(gong)(gong)食(shi)品，同樣(yang)也(ye)是(shi)貢(gong)獻。二是(shi)抓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通環(huan)節多、成本高、損耗大、效率低，導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民“賣(mai)難”和(he)(he)居民“買貴(gui)”并存(cun)，一(yi)直是(shi)個老大難問題。解(jie)決這一(yi)問題，要(yao)創新流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通方式和(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通業(ye)(ye)(ye)態，推(tui)進(jin)電商與實體(ti)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通相(xiang)結(jie)合，完善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通骨干網絡，推(tui)進(jin)各種形式的(de)對接(jie)直銷(xiao)。三(san)是(shi)抓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)食(shi)品安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)。目前農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)形勢總體(ti)穩定向好(hao)，但風險(xian)隱患猶存(cun)，違(wei)法(fa)違(wei)規問題仍(reng)然(ran)頻發(fa)。要(yao)堅持(chi)不懈地抓好(hao)質量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)，決不能(neng)再出大的(de)事件(jian)，否則就會打擊人(ren)們(men)對國(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)(he)食(shi)品的(de)消費信(xin)心(xin)，影響農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。要(yao)抓緊把(ba)基層農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)(he)食(shi)品安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)構健全(quan)(quan)起來，從源頭(tou)抓起，推(tui)廣農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，嚴格市(shi)場(chang)執法(fa)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)，確保農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)(he)食(shi)品質量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。

   推(tui)(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構調(diao)整、發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化，根本上(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)靠創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)驅(qu)動。要(yao)(yao)(yao)把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)擺在(zai)(zai)國家科(ke)(ke)技(ji)工(gong)作更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)突出的(de)(de)位置。全國科(ke)(ke)技(ji)戰線要(yao)(yao)(yao)服務(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、支(zhi)持農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，現(xian)代(dai)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)優先在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)推(tui)(tui)廣。要(yao)(yao)(yao)瞄(miao)準世界(jie)新(xin)一(yi)(yi)輪農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)革命，緊扣我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化建設(she)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)，加(jia)(jia)強對生(sheng)物育種、智(zhi)能農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機裝備、生(sheng)態環保等領(ling)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)攻關(guan)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)以產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)市(shi)場(chang)需求為導(dao)向，推(tui)(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)落地生(sheng)根、開(kai)花結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)給農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)插(cha)上(shang)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)的(de)(de)翅膀，首先要(yao)(yao)(yao)給科(ke)(ke)技(ji)人(ren)員插(cha)上(shang)奮(fen)斗(dou)的(de)(de)翅膀。我(wo)國有世界(jie)上(shang)數量最多(duo)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)人(ren)員，蘊含(han)巨大的(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)創(chuang)(chuang)造潛能。要(yao)(yao)(yao)深化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)研體制改(gai)革，完善激(ji)勵機制和(he)(he)相(xiang)關(guan)制度(du)安排，最大限度(du)地釋(shi)放人(ren)才紅(hong)利。對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎性(xing)研究(jiu)(jiu)，國家要(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)供充(chong)足(zu)、穩定(ding)的(de)(de)經費支(zhi)持，使科(ke)(ke)研人(ren)員能夠靜下心(xin)來“十年磨一(yi)(yi)劍(jian)”。對應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)、實用(yong)(yong)(yong)型研究(jiu)(jiu)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)更(geng)(geng)多(duo)地運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)市(shi)場(chang)力(li)量來支(zhi)持和(he)(he)激(ji)勵。大力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，鼓(gu)勵科(ke)(ke)技(ji)人(ren)員參(can)與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)和(he)(he)推(tui)(tui)廣。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)廣應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)離不開(kai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機械化。要(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)改(gai)造和(he)(he)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，研發(fa)適(shi)合(he)不同(tong)地區、不同(tong)產(chan)品、不同(tong)環節的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機械，努(nu)力(li)提(ti)(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機質量，推(tui)(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)全程機械化。

   （二）積(ji)極發(fa)展(zhan)多種形(xing)式(shi)適(shi)度(du)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)。目前(qian)我國戶均經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)土地只有(you)7畝(mu)(mu)多，在世界上(shang)屬于超小(xiao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模。隨著環(huan)境條件變化，小(xiao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)越來越顯示出局限性，無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)先進技術應用、金融服務提供，還是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)提高、生產(chan)效益增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)、市場(chang)(chang)競爭力提升，都遇到(dao)很大(da)困難(nan)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)要(yao)發(fa)展(zhan)，必(bi)(bi)須突破經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模小(xiao)的限制。對此，農(nong)(nong)(nong)民群眾看得最(zui)清(qing)楚、體(ti)會最(zui)直接、行(xing)動最(zui)積(ji)極，他們已經(jing)探索(suo)創造出多種形(xing)式(shi)的適(shi)度(du)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)，比(bi)如訂單農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、家(jia)(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)、種養大(da)戶、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民合作社(she)、企業(ye)加(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶等。像家(jia)(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)，幾(ji)年時間就發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)87萬家(jia)(jia)，平均規(gui)(gui)(gui)模達到(dao)200畝(mu)(mu)，勞動生產(chan)率和經(jing)濟效益大(da)幅度(du)提高。實踐證明(ming)，適(shi)度(du)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)不僅是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民群眾的自(zi)覺選擇，也是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現代化的必(bi)(bi)由之(zhi)路。

   土地(di)(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)是(shi)農(nong)業適(shi)度規模(mo)(mo)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)的重要方(fang)式，要予(yu)以(yi)鼓勵、引導和(he)(he)規范。現在(zai)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)已有2.6億人(ren)(ren)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移到城(cheng)鎮，還(huan)將有大(da)量(liang)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)人(ren)(ren)口轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移出去。這些人(ren)(ren)特別(bie)是(shi)長期在(zai)城(cheng)鎮就業或已落戶(hu)的農(nong)民(min)工，有的無力(li)(li)或不愿意(yi)再經營(ying)(ying)(ying)承(cheng)包(bao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，希(xi)望進行(xing)有償流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。中(zhong)央出臺的關(guan)于引導農(nong)村(cun)(cun)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)權有序(xu)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)發展農(nong)業適(shi)度規模(mo)(mo)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)的意(yi)見明確提出，鼓勵農(nong)戶(hu)依法采取多(duo)種方(fang)式流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)承(cheng)包(bao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，鼓勵地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)對(dui)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)實行(xing)扶持(chi)(chi)政策(ce)。各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)要正(zheng)確理解(jie)和(he)(he)貫徹(che)中(zhong)央精神，積極(ji)引導、做好服務(wu)，不搞(gao)強(qiang)迫命令，不替農(nong)民(min)做主(zhu)(zhu)，讓農(nong)民(min)成(cheng)為土地(di)(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)(he)適(shi)度規模(mo)(mo)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)的自(zi)覺參(can)與者和(he)(he)真正(zheng)受益者。這里需(xu)要強(qiang)調，對(dui)家庭農(nong)場等規模(mo)(mo)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體，要加強(qiang)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)方(fang)向上的引導和(he)(he)規范，堅持(chi)(chi)以(yi)糧食(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)農(nong)業為主(zhu)(zhu)，不能(neng)搞(gao)“非糧化”，堅決禁止耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)“非農(nong)化”，使土地(di)(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)成(cheng)為提高(gao)糧食(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)農(nong)業綜合生產能(neng)力(li)(li)的有力(li)(li)武器，更好地(di)(di)(di)(di)保障(zhang)國(guo)家糧食(shi)(shi)安全。

   發(fa)展農(nong)(nong)業適(shi)(shi)度(du)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)經營(ying)，可(ke)以采取(qu)多種(zhong)方式(shi)。很多地(di)(di)方在不(bu)流(liu)轉土(tu)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，也實現了(le)適(shi)(shi)度(du)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)經營(ying)。比如，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)通過(guo)(guo)土(tu)地(di)(di)股份(fen)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)(he)(he)聯合(he)或(huo)土(tu)地(di)(di)托管(guan)(guan)等方式(shi)，擴大了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)面積(ji)。有的(de)(de)(de)(de)通過(guo)(guo)龍頭企(qi)業與農(nong)(nong)民或(huo)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)簽訂單(dan)，按(an)照標準和(he)(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求進行生(sheng)產(chan)，實現了(le)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)效益(yi)。有的(de)(de)(de)(de)通過(guo)(guo)發(fa)展農(nong)(nong)機大戶(hu)(hu)、農(nong)(nong)機合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)、流(liu)通合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)等以及其他(ta)形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業社(she)會化服務，實行供(gong)種(zhong)供(gong)肥、農(nong)(nong)機作(zuo)(zuo)業、生(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理、產(chan)品銷(xiao)售(shou)等“幾統一”，取(qu)得(de)了(le)區域規(gui)模(mo)(mo)經營(ying)效應。因(yin)此，推進農(nong)(nong)業適(shi)(shi)度(du)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)經營(ying)，不(bu)能(neng)單(dan)純理解成土(tu)地(di)(di)經營(ying)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴張(zhang)，更不(bu)能(neng)簡單(dan)等同于土(tu)地(di)(di)兼并。在這個問(wen)題(ti)上(shang)，只要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)符合(he)國家法律(lv)和(he)(he)(he)政策，符合(he)改革方向(xiang)，農(nong)(nong)民群眾歡迎(ying)，不(bu)管(guan)(guan)什么形式(shi)，我(wo)們都(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)鼓勵和(he)(he)(he)支持。還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)看到(dao)，在今后相當長時期內，小規(gui)模(mo)(mo)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)仍占大多數，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意幫助他(ta)們解決(jue)面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)困難。

   發展(zhan)(zhan)農業適(shi)度規(gui)模(mo)經營(ying)，要堅持因(yin)地制宜，一(yi)切從實際出發，允許地方(fang)進行多種形式的(de)(de)(de)探(tan)索(suo)試驗。當初(chu)搞家庭聯(lian)產(chan)承包責任制的(de)(de)(de)時候，各地的(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)法也(ye)有差別。有的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)搞專業承包聯(lian)產(chan)計酬，有的(de)(de)(de)搞聯(lian)產(chan)到勞，有的(de)(de)(de)搞包產(chan)到戶，有的(de)(de)(de)搞包干到戶，等(deng)等(deng)。中(zhong)央當時的(de)(de)(de)態度是(shi)“可(ke)以(yi)、可(ke)以(yi)、也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)”，給地方(fang)很大的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)主權。現(xian)在發展(zhan)(zhan)農業適(shi)度規(gui)模(mo)經營(ying)也(ye)是(shi)這樣(yang)，我們的(de)(de)(de)觀點是(shi)“探(tan)索(suo)、探(tan)索(suo)、再探(tan)索(suo)”。在實踐中(zhong)，各地要尊重(zhong)農民的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)愿(yuan)和選(xuan)擇，注意(yi)總結經驗，不斷完(wan)善(shan)。

   大力(li)發(fa)展新(xin)型經營主體，加快培(pei)育新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)民。這幾年，各類(lei)新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經營主體迅速發(fa)展，已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)適度規模(mo)經營的(de)主要力(li)量，應(ying)繼續(xu)予以扶持。要研究(jiu)制(zhi)定吸引年輕人務農(nong)(nong)(nong)的(de)政策(ce)措(cuo)施，造就一支(zhi)適應(ying)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展需要的(de)高(gao)素(su)質新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)民隊伍(wu)。現(xian)在(zai)全國(guo)每(mei)年有700多萬高(gao)校畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生，要制(zhi)定專(zhuan)門政策(ce)，鼓勵高(gao)校畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生到農(nong)(nong)(nong)村就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。我們要創(chuang)造條(tiao)件，讓各類(lei)新(xin)型經營主體在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化中各顯神通。

   （三）促進農業可持續發展。我國農業資源環境已經亮起了紅燈，再沿襲傳統的路子走下去，不僅難以保障當代人的需要，也會斷送子孫后代生存發展的路。必須痛下決心加以改變，堅決把資源環境惡化勢頭壓下來，新賬不再欠、老賬逐步還，讓透支的資源環境得到休養生息。當前和今后一個時期，要重點念好“減、退、轉、改、治、保”六字訣。“減(jian)”，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)把過量(liang)(liang)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入品盡快(kuai)減(jian)下(xia)來(lai)(lai)(lai)。化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥等(deng)用(yong)得太(tai)多(duo)，既(ji)有危(wei)害(hai)(hai)又多(duo)花錢。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)也明白這個道理(li)(li)，只要(yao)(yao)加強技術指導，使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)能減(jian)下(xia)來(lai)(lai)(lai)。比如搞測土配方施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方，化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)大幅(fu)度減(jian)少(shao)。要(yao)(yao)大力(li)推廣節(jie)(jie)肥(fei)(fei)、節(jie)(jie)藥、節(jie)(jie)水和(he)(he)清潔(jie)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術，逐步減(jian)少(shao)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)用(yong)水總量(liang)(liang)。“退(tui)”，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)把超(chao)過農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)資(zi)源(yuan)環境(jing)(jing)承載能力(li)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)切實(shi)退(tui)出(chu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，該退(tui)耕(geng)(geng)還林還草(cao)、還濕還湖的(de)要(yao)(yao)繼續退(tui)還，該限(xian)牧限(xian)漁(yu)的(de)要(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)限(xian)制(zhi)。“轉(zhuan)”，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)廢棄(qi)物(wu)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)成為資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)財(cai)富，化(hua)(hua)害(hai)(hai)為利、變廢為寶(bao)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)廢棄(qi)物(wu)，處理(li)(li)不好(hao)(hao)是(shi)(shi)污染源(yuan)，利用(yong)好(hao)(hao)了就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)資(zi)源(yuan)。一(yi)些(xie)規模養(yang)殖場(chang)利用(yong)畜禽糞便生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)沼氣、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)，既(ji)有經濟效(xiao)益又有生(sheng)態環保(bao)效(xiao)益。要(yao)(yao)開(kai)展秸稈(gan)、畜禽糞便資(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利用(yong)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)殘膜(mo)回收區域性(xing)示范。“改”，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)把土壤改良好(hao)(hao)，實(shi)施(shi)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質量(liang)(liang)保(bao)護(hu)與提升行動，引導農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)施(shi)用(yong)有機肥(fei)(fei)，推廣深松整地(di)(di)(di)(di)、秸稈(gan)還田(tian)(tian)、保(bao)護(hu)性(xing)耕(geng)(geng)作等(deng)措施(shi)培(pei)肥(fei)(fei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)力(li)，加快(kuai)建(jian)設旱(han)澇保(bao)收、高產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)的(de)高標準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)。“治(zhi)”，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)把受損(sun)的(de)生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)逐步修復(fu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)好(hao)(hao)，支持開(kai)展地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水嚴重超(chao)采(cai)區綜合治(zhi)理(li)(li)試點，支持重金屬(shu)污染耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)修復(fu)試點，發(fa)展替代產(chan)(chan)業(ye)、綠色經濟。“保(bao)”，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)把耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、水資(zi)源(yuan)等(deng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展的(de)根基和(he)(he)命脈堅決(jue)保(bao)住，全面開(kai)展永久基本(ben)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)劃(hua)定(ding)工作，建(jian)立健全資(zi)源(yuan)有償使(shi)用(yong)和(he)(he)保(bao)護(hu)補(bu)償等(deng)制(zhi)度。

   （四）加(jia)(jia)大農(nong)業政策支持(chi)和資(zi)金(jin)(jin)投(tou)入(ru)力度。隨著經濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)由高速轉為中高速，財(cai)政收入(ru)增(zeng)幅回落較大。但不(bu)管財(cai)力多緊張，都要確(que)保農(nong)業投(tou)入(ru)只增(zeng)不(bu)減，財(cai)政預算要繼續把(ba)農(nong)業作為重(zhong)點來安(an)排。加(jia)(jia)快建(jian)立各級(ji)財(cai)政農(nong)業投(tou)入(ru)穩(wen)定增(zeng)長(chang)機制(zhi)，加(jia)(jia)強資(zi)金(jin)(jin)統籌整(zheng)合、提(ti)高使用效率(lv)，確(que)保財(cai)力集中用于農(nong)業現代化的關鍵環節，重(zhong)點支持(chi)農(nong)業基礎設(she)施建(jian)設(she)、結構(gou)調整(zheng)、可持(chi)續發展、產糧(liang)(liang)大縣(xian)和農(nong)民增(zeng)收等(deng)(deng)。農(nong)業補(bu)貼要穩(wen)定存量、增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)總量、完善辦(ban)法、逐步調整(zheng)，新(xin)增(zeng)補(bu)貼向(xiang)糧(liang)(liang)食等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)要農(nong)產品、新(xin)型經營主(zhu)體、主(zhu)產區傾斜(xie)。創新(xin)農(nong)業投(tou)融資(zi)機制(zhi)，吸引更多社會資(zi)金(jin)(jin)投(tou)入(ru)農(nong)業。

   水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)是農(nong)業的(de)命脈(mo)。今后(hou)幾年，要(yao)(yao)集中(zhong)力量建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)一批關(guan)系全局、具有較強輻(fu)射帶動作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)重(zhong)大水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程，特別是要(yao)(yao)在(zai)中(zhong)西部地區(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)一批重(zhong)大引(yin)調水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程、大型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫和(he)節水(shui)(shui)灌溉骨(gu)干(gan)渠網(wang)。這(zhe)些(xie)事遲早(zao)要(yao)(yao)干(gan)，早(zao)干(gan)比晚干(gan)好，現在(zai)正是好時機(ji)。這(zhe)既可以夯實農(nong)業持續穩定發展的(de)基礎，也有利(li)(li)于擴大投(tou)資(zi)、促進增(zeng)(zeng)長、改(gai)善(shan)民生。國(guo)務院已對重(zhong)大水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)作(zuo)出了總體部署，要(yao)(yao)加快(kuai)推(tui)進。要(yao)(yao)創新水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)投(tou)入(ru)機(ji)制，用(yong)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)辦法破解治水(shui)(shui)缺錢難題。中(zhong)央和(he)地方財政都要(yao)(yao)增(zeng)(zeng)加投(tou)入(ru)，同(tong)時要(yao)(yao)通過政策引(yin)導把社會(hui)資(zi)金、銀行信貸(dai)資(zi)金調動起來。加強小型(xing)農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，通過改(gai)革(ge)產權制度和(he)運(yun)行管護機(ji)制、采用(yong)財政以獎(jiang)代補和(he)先建(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)補等方式，調動農(nong)民建(jian)(jian)(jian)管積極(ji)性(xing)。

   完善農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品價格形成和(he)(he)調控機制。新疆棉花、東北(bei)和(he)(he)內蒙古大豆進(jin)行目標(biao)價格改革試點(dian)取得初步成效，要(yao)(yao)研究改進(jin)操作方(fang)式(shi)方(fang)法，盡量做到簡便易行。繼續執行糧食(shi)(shi)最低收(shou)購價和(he)(he)臨時(shi)收(shou)儲政策，開展糧食(shi)(shi)等農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品價格保險試點(dian)，探索防(fang)范價格風險、保障農(nong)(nong)民收(shou)入的新路子。完善中央(yang)儲備糧管理體制和(he)(he)吞吐調節機制，加強市場調控，防(fang)止谷賤傷農(nong)(nong)。各地(di)要(yao)(yao)落實地(di)方(fang)糧食(shi)(shi)儲備規(gui)模新增(zeng)計劃(hua)，特別是(shi)主銷區在這個時(shi)候要(yao)(yao)多作些(xie)貢獻。

   健全金(jin)融(rong)支農(nong)制度。農(nong)業適度規模經營越(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、農(nong)業現代(dai)化水平越(yue)提高，對金(jin)融(rong)的(de)需求(qiu)就(jiu)越(yue)強烈。國(guo)務院(yuan)出臺了促進金(jin)融(rong)服務“三(san)農(nong)”發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)政策(ce)措施，要(yao)(yao)認(ren)真(zhen)抓好落(luo)實(shi)。國(guo)有商(shang)業銀(yin)行(xing)、政策(ce)性銀(yin)行(xing)、農(nong)村(cun)信用(yong)社(she)、郵政儲蓄銀(yin)行(xing)要(yao)(yao)履行(xing)支持農(nong)業的(de)責任和(he)義(yi)務，增加涉農(nong)貸(dai)款，暢通農(nong)村(cun)金(jin)融(rong)服務“主動(dong)脈”。要(yao)(yao)進一步放寬市場準(zhun)(zhun)入，積極發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)小微金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構，探索新(xin)型農(nong)村(cun)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)金(jin)融(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)有效途徑，豐(feng)富農(nong)村(cun)金(jin)融(rong)服務“毛細血管”。農(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)要(yao)(yao)擴(kuo)大政策(ce)性保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)覆蓋面、提高保(bao)費補貼(tie)標準(zhun)(zhun)，積極發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)商(shang)業性、合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)性農(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，提升(sheng)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)障水平。

   （五）用好(hao)兩個(ge)市場(chang)兩種(zhong)資源。我國(guo)(guo)是(shi)世界上農(nong)業(ye)開放(fang)程度(du)最高(gao)的國(guo)(guo)家之一，農(nong)業(ye)深度(du)融入國(guo)(guo)際市場(chang)。這對(dui)農(nong)業(ye)現代化(hua)建(jian)設，既有難得機遇和(he)有利條件，也(ye)有各(ge)種(zhong)風險和(he)挑戰。搞好(hao)了就會(hui)八面(mian)來(lai)風，搞不好(hao)就是(shi)八面(mian)埋伏。我們必須審時度(du)勢，科學謀劃，最大(da)(da)限(xian)度(du)地趨利避害。要加大(da)(da)引進(jin)國(guo)(guo)外關鍵技術、管理經(jing)驗、種(zhong)質資源和(he)高(gao)層次科研人才等(deng)力度(du)。調控好(hao)農(nong)產品進(jin)出口規模和(he)節奏，防止(zhi)對(dui)國(guo)(guo)內市場(chang)和(he)農(nong)業(ye)生產造成沖擊。要促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)業(ye)“走出去”，培育一批有國(guo)(guo)際競爭力的糧商(shang)和(he)農(nong)業(ye)企業(ye)。

   三、發揮好(hao)新型城鎮化對(dui)農(nong)業現代化的輻射帶動(dong)作(zuo)用(yong)

   農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和新(xin)型(xing)城鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是相(xiang)輔相(xiang)成的手(shou)拉手(shou)的關系，誰也(ye)離不(bu)(bu)開(kai)誰。沒有新(xin)型(xing)城鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)創造條件、輻射帶動，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)就難(nan)以推進(jin)(jin)(jin)。沒有農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)提供農(nong)(nong)產品等保障，新(xin)型(xing)城鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)也(ye)難(nan)以持(chi)續。新(xin)型(xing)城鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是我(wo)(wo)國現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建設的大(da)戰(zhan)略(lve)、大(da)棋局(ju)，這盤棋下好了，不(bu)(bu)僅可以充分(fen)挖(wa)掘城鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)這個最(zui)大(da)內(nei)需潛力(li)，為我(wo)(wo)國經濟保持(chi)中(zhong)高速增長、邁向中(zhong)高端水平提供強大(da)動力(li)，而且能(neng)(neng)夠有效(xiao)增強城鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村輻射帶動能(neng)(neng)力(li)、促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建設、解(jie)決好城鄉差距過大(da)等重大(da)結構性問題(ti)。我(wo)(wo)們(men)要努力(li)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與城鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)互(hu)促(cu)共進(jin)(jin)(jin)。

   （一）解決好“三個(ge)1億人(ren)(ren)”問題。中(zhong)(zhong)央城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)工作會議提出，到(dao)2020年著力解決好現有(you)“三個(ge)1億人(ren)(ren)”問題，這既是推進新型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)的切入點，也是促(cu)(cu)(cu)進農(nong)業(ye)現代化(hua)的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)安(an)排。促(cu)(cu)(cu)進約(yue)1億農(nong)業(ye)轉移人(ren)(ren)口落(luo)戶城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，要(yao)(yao)扎實推進戶籍制度改革，把(ba)進城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)民納入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)住房(fang)和(he)社會保障(zhang)體系。要(yao)(yao)深化(hua)改革，完(wan)善農(nong)民自愿有(you)償退(tui)出土地承(cheng)包經營權、宅(zhai)基(ji)地使用權以及(ji)集體資產收(shou)益(yi)分(fen)配(pei)權等辦法，提高農(nong)民在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安(an)家(jia)落(luo)戶的能力。引(yin)導(dao)約(yue)1億農(nong)民在中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)部地區(qu)就近(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)，要(yao)(yao)著力加強中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)部地區(qu)基(ji)礎設施(shi)、公共服(fu)務，促(cu)(cu)(cu)進中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市和(he)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發展特色優勢產業(ye)、承(cheng)接產業(ye)轉移，提升人(ren)(ren)口承(cheng)載(zai)能力。改造約(yue)1億人(ren)(ren)居住的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)棚戶區(qu)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)村，要(yao)(yao)精(jing)心規劃，落(luo)實政策，確保完(wan)成。把(ba)農(nong)村危舊房(fang)改造，與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)心村、小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)建設結合起來(lai)，努力讓更多(duo)困難群眾(zhong)早日安(an)居樂業(ye)。

   （二）積極(ji)推(tui)動(dong)以(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)帶鄉(xiang)、以(yi)工促農(nong)(nong)。大量農(nong)(nong)村(cun)人口到(dao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)轉移就業(ye)和(he)(he)落戶(hu)，這本身就是(shi)工業(ye)化(hua)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)對農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)發展(zhan)的有力帶動(dong)，也(ye)(ye)標(biao)志著我們(men)在(zai)破除(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)二元結構方(fang)面(mian)邁出了(le)(le)實質性步伐。要(yao)(yao)健全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)發展(zhan)一體化(hua)體制(zhi)機制(zhi)，促進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)建設統(tong)一規劃(hua)、基礎設施互(hu)聯互(hu)通、產(chan)業(ye)合理(li)布局(ju)、要(yao)(yao)素(su)平(ping)等交換。引(yin)導城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市資(zi)金、技術、信息、人才、管理(li)等現(xian)代生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)(yao)素(su)向農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)流(liu)動(dong)，更好地發揮工業(ye)化(hua)、信息化(hua)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)對農(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代化(hua)的帶動(dong)作用(yong)。近些年，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市許多工商企業(ye)“上山下鄉(xiang)”，互(hu)聯網公司也(ye)(ye)把業(ye)務擴(kuo)展(zhan)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)，給農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)帶來了(le)(le)現(xian)代生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)(yao)素(su)、新商業(ye)模(mo)式(shi)和(he)(he)通達(da)的營銷網絡(luo)，推(tui)動(dong)了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)經營方(fang)式(shi)創新，促進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品流(liu)通，激活了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)資(zi)源配置的“一潭春水”，也(ye)(ye)為企業(ye)發展(zhan)開拓了(le)(le)空(kong)間(jian)。對此，要(yao)(yao)繼(ji)續(xu)予(yu)以(yi)引(yin)導和(he)(he)支(zhi)持。

   （三）多渠道促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)。實現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村全面小康，關(guan)鍵是(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)。城鄉居民(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)差距(ju)雖(sui)然連續(xu)5年縮小，但目前仍然過大(da)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)通過新型(xing)城鎮化(hua)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua) “兩(liang)手”發(fa)力，拓(tuo)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)空(kong)間。要(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)力推動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)轉移就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)。現(xian)(xian)在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)工(gong)資(zi)性收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)已超過經(jing)(jing)營性收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)，占據農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)近“半壁江山(shan)”。今后(hou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)很(hen)大(da)程(cheng)度上還得靠轉移就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)。現(xian)(xian)在經(jing)(jing)濟增(zeng)(zeng)速雖(sui)有所放緩，但服務業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)很(hen)快，成為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)轉移就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)最大(da)的(de)“容納器(qi)”。在產(chan)業(ye)(ye)邁向中高端過程(cheng)中，只要(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)技(ji)能培訓和(he)職業(ye)(ye)教育，擴大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)工(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)仍大(da)有可為(wei)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)積極(ji)鼓勵(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)工(gong)自(zi)主創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)。現(xian)(xian)在不少農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)工(gong)經(jing)(jing)過在城市的(de)多年打(da)(da)拼(pin)，已經(jing)(jing)積累了(le)一定(ding)的(de)技(ji)能、資(zi)金和(he)管理經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)，創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)意愿強烈。要(yao)(yao)(yao)綜(zong)合(he)運用創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)資(zi)引導、小額擔保貸款(kuan)等辦法(fa)，落實定(ding)向減稅和(he)普遍性降費等政策(ce)，幫(bang)助他們(men)解決融資(zi)難題、降低創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)成本，帶動(dong)更多農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)著力支(zhi)持以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)興業(ye)(ye)。積極(ji)開發(fa)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)多種功能，加(jia)(jia)快構建現(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)體系，大(da)力發(fa)展(zhan)休(xiu)閑觀光農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、鄉村旅(lv)游(you)，打(da)(da)造(zao)新的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)極(ji)。

   （四）深入(ru)(ru)推進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設。我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人口(kou)(kou)眾多(duo)，即使今后城(cheng)鎮化(hua)水(shui)平大幅(fu)提(ti)高，仍將有數億人生(sheng)活在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)，必須(xu)堅持不懈(xie)地推進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設。一(yi)(yi)要(yao)(yao)由“單(dan)項突(tu)進(jin)”向“綜合發(fa)展(zhan)”邁(mai)進(jin)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)系(xi)統(tong)工程(cheng)，不能簡(jian)單(dan)理(li)解(jie)為“新(xin)(xin)(xin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)莊建(jian)設”，“錢多(duo)蓋(gai)房子(zi)，錢少(shao)刷房子(zi)，沒錢立牌子(zi)”。要(yao)(yao)均(jun)衡推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民收入(ru)(ru)增(zeng)加、人居環境(jing)改(gai)善。二(er)要(yao)(yao)由“千村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)一(yi)(yi)面”向“各美(mei)其美(mei)”邁(mai)進(jin)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設不能搞(gao)“去農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)化(hua)”、照搬(ban)城(cheng)鎮模(mo)式，不能千篇一(yi)(yi)律(lv)、一(yi)(yi)個(ge)模(mo)式、一(yi)(yi)種格調，不然既(ji)沒有了(le)(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)味道，也(ye)丟(diu)掉了(le)(le)(le)地域差異(yi)、民族特色。要(yao)(yao)建(jian)設類(lei)型多(duo)樣、特征鮮明(ming)、風(feng)貌各異(yi)、多(duo)姿多(duo)彩(cai)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。要(yao)(yao)重(zhong)視(shi)規劃的(de)(de)科學性、前瞻性，充分考慮今后農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人口(kou)(kou)變(bian)化(hua)趨勢(shi)，不要(yao)(yao)費了(le)(le)(le)好大勁把路修通了(le)(le)(le)、水(shui)接上了(le)(le)(le)、房子(zi)蓋(gai)好了(le)(le)(le)，村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)里(li)卻(que)沒人了(le)(le)(le)。三要(yao)(yao)由“物的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)”向“人的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)”邁(mai)進(jin)。既(ji)要(yao)(yao)重(zhong)視(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)經濟(ji)，也(ye)要(yao)(yao)加強(qiang)政治文明(ming)、精神文明(ming)、生(sheng)態文明(ming)以及和諧社(she)會建(jian)設，提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民科學文化(hua)素質，培育文明(ming)鄉(xiang)風(feng)，推進(jin)基層民主管理(li)，使新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)“內外兼修”，成(cheng)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民安居樂業的(de)(de)美(mei)好家(jia)園。

   （五）加(jia)快推進農村扶(fu)(fu)貧(pin)開(kai)發(fa)。現(xian)在距(ju)實現(xian)全面(mian)建成小(xiao)康社(she)會(hui)目標只(zhi)有6年、時間(jian)很緊，而扶(fu)(fu)貧(pin)任務很重，要(yao)繼(ji)續(xu)向貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)宣戰，決不讓貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)代(dai)代(dai)相(xiang)傳。中(zhong)央和地(di)方財政都要(yao)較大幅度增(zeng)加(jia)扶(fu)(fu)貧(pin)投入，同時要(yao)制定更有吸引力的政策，引導社(she)會(hui)資本參(can)與扶(fu)(fu)貧(pin)。繼(ji)續(xu)推進集中(zhong)連片特困(kun)(kun)地(di)區扶(fu)(fu)貧(pin)攻堅，并與精(jing)準扶(fu)(fu)貧(pin)結(jie)合(he)起來，提高(gao)扶(fu)(fu)貧(pin)的有效(xiao)性、持(chi)續(xu)性。要(yao)高(gao)度重視貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)地(di)區教育發(fa)展，從根上斬斷貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)代(dai)際傳遞。

   在我們(men)(men)這樣一(yi)個人口眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展中國(guo)家(jia)推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代化(hua)和(he)新型城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)，是一(yi)個前(qian)所未(wei)有的(de)(de)(de)世界級難(nan)題。靠什么克服(fu)困難(nan)、走(zou)向勝利(li)？要靠億(yi)萬(wan)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)群眾(zhong)。中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)是極富創(chuang)(chuang)造力(li)的(de)(de)(de)，改革開放以來，家(jia)庭(ting)承包制(zhi)是農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)冒著(zhu)(zhu)風險發(fa)起的(de)(de)(de)，異軍(jun)突(tu)起的(de)(de)(de)鄉鎮(zhen)企業(ye)(ye)是農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)創(chuang)(chuang)立的(de)(de)(de)，近年來大(da)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)進(jin)程也是從農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)沖破障(zhang)礙(ai)進(jin)城(cheng)開始的(de)(de)(de)。中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)中蘊藏著(zhu)(zhu)無窮的(de)(de)(de)智慧和(he)力(li)量，也有著(zhu)(zhu)很強的(de)(de)(de)耐性(xing)(xing)和(he)韌性(xing)(xing)。為(wei)了(le)追(zhui)求(qiu)美好(hao)(hao)生活，他們(men)(men)可以走(zou)遍(bian)千(qian)山(shan)萬(wan)水(shui)、吃(chi)盡(jin)千(qian)辛(xin)萬(wan)苦、說盡(jin)千(qian)言萬(wan)語、想盡(jin)千(qian)方百(bai)計。只要把億(yi)萬(wan)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)積極性(xing)(xing)調(diao)動好(hao)(hao)、引導好(hao)(hao)、保護好(hao)(hao)，就(jiu)會匯成滾(gun)滾(gun)洪流，形成無堅(jian)不(bu)摧的(de)(de)(de)強大(da)力(li)量。為(wei)此(ci)，我們(men)(men)要深化(hua)改革，破除一(yi)切束縛農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)手腳的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)合理的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)障(zhang)礙(ai)，放手讓農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)造、創(chuang)(chuang)新、創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)活力(li)競相(xiang)迸發(fa)，形成大(da)眾(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)、萬(wan)眾(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)新的(de)(de)(de)生動局面。

   加(jia)強(qiang)對“三(san)農(nong)”工作(zuo)的(de)組(zu)織領導，是我們的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)優勢，也是農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)改革發(fa)展取得巨大成就的(de)重要(yao)保(bao)障(zhang)。各級黨(dang)委政(zheng)府必須堅持把“三(san)農(nong)”工作(zuo)放在重中之重，緊(jin)緊(jin)抓(zhua)住發(fa)展這個第一要(yao)務，以只爭朝夕(xi)的(de)精(jing)神和(he)(he)科學求實(shi)的(de)態度，加(jia)快推進農(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代化建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)科學發(fa)展步伐。要(yao)增強(qiang)改革創新意識和(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)思維(wei)，逐步把農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)各項(xiang)工作(zuo)納入法(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)軌道。要(yao)抓(zhua)好責任落實(shi)，進一步健全“米袋子”省長負(fu)(fu)責制(zhi)、“菜籃子”市長負(fu)(fu)責制(zhi)和(he)(he)食品(pin)安全監管、抗災救(jiu)災行政(zheng)首長負(fu)(fu)責制(zhi)等。大力加(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基層黨(dang)組(zu)織和(he)(he)“三(san)農(nong)”干(gan)部隊伍建(jian)設(she)，為(wei)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)改革發(fa)展穩定提供有(you)力保(bao)障(zhang)。要(yao)堅持以人(ren)為(wei)本，努力促進人(ren)的(de)全面(mian)發(fa)展，讓(rang)每個農(nong)民平等享有(you)成長進步、“人(ren)生出彩”和(he)(he) “夢想(xiang)成真”的(de)機會，為(wei)農(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代化建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)發(fa)展注入新的(de)強(qiang)大動力。

   做好新(xin)時期的“三農(nong)(nong)”工作，加快(kuai)推進農(nong)(nong)業現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)和新(xin)型城鎮(zhen)化(hua)，關系著國家(jia)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)建(jian)設戰(zhan)略全(quan)局，承(cheng)載著億萬農(nong)(nong)民的光榮與(yu)夢想。讓(rang)我們緊密團(tuan)結(jie)在(zai)以習近平同(tong)志(zhi)為(wei)總書(shu)記的黨中央周圍，高舉中國特色(se)社會主義(yi)偉(wei)大(da)旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代(dai)表(biao)”重要思(si)想、科學發展(zhan)觀為(wei)指導(dao)，奮發有為(wei)，扎實(shi)工作，為(wei)全(quan)面建(jian)成小康社會，建(jian)成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義(yi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)國家(jia)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)中華民族偉(wei)大(da)復興的中國夢而努(nu)力奮斗！

   （這是李(li)克強同志2014年12月22日在中(zhong)央農村工作會議上的(de)講(jiang)話摘要。）

原文(wen)標(biao)題：《求是》雜(za)志發表李克強(qiang)總(zong)理文(wen)章 以改(gai)革創新為動力 加快(kuai)推進農業(ye)現(xian)代化