最近,記(ji)者到山東(dong)廣饒縣丁莊鎮牛(niu)圈村(cun)采訪。棉(mian)花(hua)種植大戶牛(niu)效全告訴記(ji)者,近幾年,棉(mian)花(hua)黃萎病(bing)、紅葉(xie)莖枯病(bing)、棉(mian)葉(xie)螨(man)、煙(yan)粉虱(shi)危害(hai)程度較(jiao)重,一(yi)般用(yong)40%多(duo)(duo)菌靈、1.8%阿維(wei)菌素、10%吡蟲啉可濕性(xing)粉劑等(deng)農藥防治,但要想(xiang)在(zai)市場上買(mai)到真正符合標(biao)準的農藥可不(bu)容易,經銷點將一(yi)種農藥貼上不(bu)同(tong)標(biao)簽賣給農民,讓農民無法辨別真假(jia),所(suo)以一(yi)種病(bing)蟲害(hai)常常要用(yong)好幾種農藥多(duo)(duo)次噴施才(cai)有效。
采(cai)訪中,牛圈村(cun)不少村(cun)民(min)向記(ji)者反映,目前在農(nong)村(cun)沒有《農(nong)藥(yao)經(jing)營(ying)許(xu)可證》和《營(ying)業執照(zhao)》而(er)經(jing)銷(xiao)農(nong)藥(yao)現象相當普(pu)遍,由于這些經(jing)銷(xiao)點不到合(he)法批(pi)發(fa)商(shang)處進貨(huo),多數(shu)農(nong)藥(yao)無(wu)標(biao)簽、無(wu)質(zhi)量合(he)格證。村(cun)民(min)們同時(shi)抱(bao)怨,在農(nong)村(cun)因沒有鑒別(bie)農(nong)藥(yao)成(cheng)分(fen)的設備,等噴施(shi)后發(fa)現根本達不到標(biao)簽所(suo)示的功效時(shi),才知道(dao)自己上當了。面對混(hun)亂的農(nong)藥(yao)標(biao)簽,大多數(shu)農(nong)民(min)根本沒有識別(bie)與應付能力,完(wan)全(quan)處于被動購買(mai)和盲(mang)目施(shi)用狀態。
標(biao)(biao)簽貼在農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)包裝上,所起的(de)主要(yao)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)介紹農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)產品(pin)性能,指(zhi)導農(nong)(nong)民安全(quan)、合理、科學施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),是(shi)直(zhi)接向購買(mai)者(zhe)傳遞農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)技術(shu)信息的(de)橋梁,也是(shi)具(ju)有(you)(you)法(fa)律效力(li)的(de)憑據。按規(gui)(gui)定,農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)標(biao)(biao)簽內容應(ying)準確無(wu)誤地(di)標(biao)(biao)明(ming)產品(pin)名(ming)稱、成分(fen)(fen)、施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍、施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劑量和方(fang)法(fa)。適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作物、有(you)(you)效期、廠(chang)名(ming)廠(chang)址等重要(yao)內容,同時還應(ying)注(zhu)明(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能與哪些(xie)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)混用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、限制施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)范(fan)圍、安全(quan)間隔期(最后一(yi)次施(shi)藥(yao)至收獲(huo)前(qian))等內容。但(dan)目前(qian),我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)標(biao)(biao)簽不(bu)(bu)(bu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)問題仍較嚴(yan)重。其主要(yao)表現為:商品(pin)名(ming)稱不(bu)(bu)(bu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan),隨意使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)未經批準的(de)商品(pin)名(ming)稱,而(er)且(qie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)齊全(quan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)標(biao)(biao)明(ming)有(you)(you)效成分(fen)(fen);隨意擴大施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍,施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)體,施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條件不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)確;毒性標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan);隨意更改配方(fang),摻雜一(yi)些(xie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)有(you)(you)的(de)成分(fen)(fen),而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)加標(biao)(biao)示;復配農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)中只標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)某一(yi)主要(yao)成分(fen)(fen),不(bu)(bu)(bu)標(biao)(biao)明(ming)其他成分(fen)(fen)等。
在(zai)各(ge)級各(ge)地歷次質(zhi)量抽查中(zhong);農(nong)(nong)藥標(biao)簽(qian)大(da)(da)多(duo)存在(zai)較嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)不合(he)(he)格(ge)現(xian)象。今年6月,福建省(sheng)寧化縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)業執法大(da)(da)隊對(dui)全(quan)縣(xian)6家較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥批發商(shang)抽檢 60個農(nong)(nong)藥標(biao)簽(qian),結果(guo)僅34個合(he)(he)格(ge),不合(he)(he)格(ge)有5個,嚴(yan)重不合(he)(he)格(ge)有21個。其(qi)查出的(de)(de)主要問題有擅自使用商(shang)品(pin)名、有效成分含量標(biao)注不明(ming)確、隨意擴(kuo)大(da)(da)防(fang)治對(dui)象和施(shi)用范圍、使用帶有欺詐性名稱等。今年上半年,浙(zhe)江工商(shang)部門在(zai)抽查農(nong)(nong)藥質(zhi)量中(zhong)發現(xian),標(biao)稱山東(dong)省(sheng)長清縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)藥廠生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)地蟲殺(sha)凈3%辛(xin)硫(liu)磷(lin)顆(ke)粒劑和標(biao)稱江蘇蘇中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)藥化工廠生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)25%多(duo)菌靈(ling)可濕(shi)性粉劑(油菜菌克),標(biao)稱生產(chan)(chan)(chan)企業均否認生產(chan)(chan)(chan)過相應產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin),而且實際(ji)商(shang)品(pin)中(zhong)根本沒(mei)有標(biao)識中(zhong)所標(biao)注的(de)(de)有效成分。此等案(an)例舉(ju)不勝舉(ju)。
專(zhuan)家分析(xi),標簽問(wen)題已(yi)成為擾亂(luan)國內農(nong)藥(yao)市場秩序(xu)的主(zhu)要因素之一。其原因,一是農(nong)藥(yao)標簽管(guan)理法(fa)規仍(reng)有待完善(shan);二是一些企業法(fa)制(zhi)意識不(bu)強,片面追求經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi);三是主(zhu)管(guan)部門對農(nong)藥(yao)生產、銷(xiao)售市場管(guan)理不(bu)力。
令人(ren)欣喜的是,目前農藥標簽的混亂狀(zhuang)況已(yi)引起業(ye)界、社(she)會(hui)和管理部門的普遍關注。全國人(ren)大九(jiu)屆三次會(hui)議已(yi)有反(fan)映農藥標簽異常混亂的提(ti)案,并要求農業(ye)部門提(ti)出解決措施。現在農藥標簽的管理和市場監督(du)也已(yi)成為相關管理部門重中之(zhi)重的工作(zuo)。
從去年起,農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)檢定所根(gen)據《行政許可法》,開始(shi)建立農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)品電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)標(biao)簽(qian)檔案庫(ku)。這是(shi)整頓(dun)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)市場(chang)標(biao)簽(qian)混亂狀況的(de)(de)一(yi)項重要舉措。其(qi)主要目的(de)(de)是(shi)加強農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)標(biao)簽(qian)的(de)(de)源頭管(guan)理,為執法部(bu)門(men)更加準(zhun)確、快捷地開展(zhan)(zhan)執法提(ti)供(gong)方(fang)便,同時也為廣大經銷人員及施用(yong)(yong)者辨別(bie)產(chan)(chan)品真(zhen)偽提(ti)供(gong)服(fu)務。企業(ye)和用(yong)(yong)戶可以(yi)在農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)品標(biao)簽(qian)網(wang)信息查詢(xun)系統獲取農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)登記證(zheng)號、產(chan)(chan)品名稱、有效成分(fen)及含量、施用(yong)(yong)范圍和方(fang)法、毒性(xing)標(biao)識。生產(chan)(chan)企業(ye)信息等內(nei)容。近年來,隨著農(nong)(nong)資連(lian)鎖(suo)經營業(ye)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan),許多(duo)鄉(xiang)村農(nong)(nong)資連(lian)鎖(suo)店配備了專用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)腦,并用(yong)(yong)于(yu)在網(wang)上查詢(xun)各類農(nong)(nong)資的(de)(de)真(zhen)偽,為農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)標(biao)簽(qian)的(de)(de)全面(mian)實施奠定了基(ji)礎。
據了解,有關部門目前正在進一步加強農藥管理的相關立法工作,其中就有關于農藥標簽的內容,旨在從法律角度為根本扭轉農藥標簽混亂狀況提供有力措施。標簽,還農藥一個真“面孔”的日子,也許不遠了。 楊秀峰 |