劇毒農藥濫用，并非某(mou)一環節出了問(wen)題，而是整個農藥生產、使(shi)用乃至(zhi)監管鏈條的(de)扭(niu)曲(qu)與失(shi)效
近日，央(yang)視新聞頻道(dao)《消費者(zhe)調查(cha)(cha)》報道(dao)了廣東省廣州市增(zeng)城區內散戶(hu)農(nong)(nong)民使用劇毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的情(qing)況(kuang)。記者(zhe)走訪了解(jie)到，不少農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)因(yin)為天氣等原(yuan)因(yin)，目(mu)前(qian)仍在使用劇毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。同(tong)時，廣州市農(nong)(nong)業局已成立專案組調查(cha)(cha)此(ci)事，目(mu)前(qian)暫未發現增(zeng)城、從化市民有中毒(du)情(qing)況(kuang)，并(bing)呼吁廣大農(nong)(nong)民積(ji)極學習農(nong)(nong)業知(zhi)識(12月8日《南方都(dou)市報》)。
以“口感佳”而深得市(shi)民青睞的“增城(cheng)遲菜心(xin)”，竟被曝使(shi)用(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)(du)農藥，美妙(miao)口感的背(bei)后，究竟隱(yin)藏多(duo)(duo)少舌尖上的隱(yin)患，令人擔憂(you)。不過，既(ji)然“天氣(qi)太熱，害蟲太多(duo)(duo)，根本殺不完”，農民使(shi)用(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)(du)農藥，也是(shi)沒有辦法的辦法。對(dui)于農藥的毒(du)(du)性，農戶回應“沒問(wen)(wen)題，回去拿水洗洗就(jiu)能吃，我們(men)自(zi)己也吃這些菜”。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)(du)農藥，看(kan)來(lai)頂多(duo)(duo)只能怪農戶缺乏必要安全種植意識。而暫未(wei)發現市(shi)民有中(zhong)毒(du)(du)情況，似乎(hu)也佐(zuo)證“吃了(le)確(que)實沒問(wen)(wen)題”。
不過，農(nong)藥(yao)殘留(liu)的(de)傷害(hai)，更多(duo)是(shi)日積月(yue)累才引發健康狀況，“暫未發現中毒”，并不代表劇(ju)毒農(nong)藥(yao)無(wu)(wu)害(hai)。既然劇(ju)毒農(nong)藥(yao)屬于違(wei)規禁用(yong)之列，按照《農(nong)藥(yao)管理條例》規定，任何單位和(he)個人(ren)不得(de)生產(chan)、經營和(he)使用(yong)國家明令禁止生產(chan)或(huo)者撤銷登記的(de)農(nong)藥(yao)，那么，使用(yong)劇(ju)毒農(nong)藥(yao)種菜，恐(kong)怕就(jiu)不能輕描淡寫地歸于農(nong)戶(hu)無(wu)(wu)知或(huo)對經濟利益的(de)訴(su)求。
事實上，禁用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇(ju)毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，更(geng)應采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)源(yuan)頭管理(li)。例(li)如，從(cong)銷售(shou)渠道進行封(feng)堵。目(mu)前我國對(dui)劇(ju)毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)雖有(you)禁用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規定(ding)，但(dan)對(dui)其生(sheng)產(chan)和銷售(shou)卻缺乏嚴格限制(zhi)。于是(shi)，劇(ju)毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)與銷售(shou)的(de)源(yuan)頭不(bu)受約束，最終禍(huo)及農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)種(zhong)植(zhi)這一終端環節。除(chu)了劇(ju)毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)源(yuan)頭，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品的(de)銷售(shou)環節，也本該有(you)檢測(ce)關卡，假如農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留檢測(ce)嚴格到位，超(chao)標(biao)或違(wei)規施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇(ju)毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)種(zhong)出的(de)農(nong)(nong)作物，都(dou)難(nan)以流入(ru)市場，更(geng)遑(huang)論(lun)出售(shou)獲利。農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留檢測(ce)常常形同(tong)虛設，又何嘗不(bu)是(shi)對(dui)劇(ju)毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)濫用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)行為(wei)的(de)縱(zong)容(rong)呢?可資對(dui)比的(de)是(shi)，僅僅因為(wei)外商(shang)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留檢測(ce)非常嚴格，出口基(ji)地都(dou)不(bu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，并(bing)嚴格控制(zhi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)。
不難看出，劇毒(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)濫用(yong)(yong)，并(bing)非(fei)某一(yi)環節(jie)出了問(wen)題，而(er)是整(zheng)個農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)生產、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)乃至監管(guan)(guan)鏈(lian)條的(de)扭曲與(yu)失效。而(er)對劇毒(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)全(quan)(quan)鏈(lian)條監管(guan)(guan)，早(zao)有成(cheng)功范例(li)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)本的(de)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)取締法(fa)》規(gui)定(ding)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)者若(ruo)是將農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)未規(gui)定(ding)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物上(shang)、超量(liang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，將處三(san)年以(yi)下(xia)有期徒刑或100萬日(ri)(ri)(ri)元以(yi)下(xia)罰款;除(chu)了使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)環節(jie)，包括制造、進(jin)口、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)未登記的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，都將受(shou)到處罰。目前，日(ri)(ri)(ri)本市場上(shang)流通(tong)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)90%以(yi)上(shang)是低毒(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)本對蔬菜也(ye)(ye)實施非(fei)常嚴格的(de)檢查制度，農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)基本都加(jia)入農(nong)(nong)(nong)協，必(bi)須記錄糧食、果(guo)蔬等產品(pin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)次數(shu)、收(shou)獲和出售日(ri)(ri)(ri)期等信息(xi)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)協收(shou)集這些信息(xi)后，為每種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)分配(pei)一(yi)個“身份證”號碼，形(xing)成(cheng)對所有農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)可追溯管(guan)(guan)理(li)模式。違規(gui)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，幾乎無(wu)處遁(dun)形(xing)，自然(ran)也(ye)(ye)就沒人(ren)敢造次濫用(yong)(yong)。借(jie)鑒這一(yi)做法(fa)，禁用(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)需全(quan)(quan)鏈(lian)條治(zhi)理(li)。
